Architecture Iran – geometry, light, space

由专筑网Yumi，Vigo编译

对于寒冷中的伊朗，温暖是它建筑场景中的主题。再一次，很多人认为，困难时期的认可本身就是为年轻建筑师提供创意的土壤。

With Iran coming in from the cold, as it were, the heat is definitely on in terms of its architectural scene. Then again, many argue that the straitened era of sanctions has itself provided fertile creative ground for young Iranian architects.



装饰，公司Kaveh德黑兰的办公室外多彩的外观工业玻璃，也于2015年完工，也宣传着这家公司的手工技艺。

The decorative, polychrome exterior of industrial glass company Kaveh’s Tehran office, which was completed in 2015, also broadcasts what the firm manufactures.

1月16日，作为执行日——当国际原子能机构证实，伊朗满足去年夏天的核协议下约束其核计划的所有条例，——最终生效。这标志着过去10年经济上的严重的核制裁的结束，伊朗与全球经济重新连接的机会。有很大的理由这样做：这是仅次于阿拉伯的中东地区的第二大经济体，拥有世界上最大的天然气储量和第四大石油储量。而且，尽管国际上对其施加了制裁，伊朗绝对没有文化停滞：一半人口拥有智能手机，是社交网站的成员。

On January 16, ‘Implementation Day’ — when the International Atomic Energy Agency verified that Iran had met all commitments under last summer’s nuclear accord to restrain its nuclear programme — was finally announced. It signalled the end of 10 years of economically crippling nuclear-related sanctions, and Iran’s chance to reconnect with the global economy. It’s in a strong position to do so: it’s the second largest economy in the Middle East after Saudi Arabia, and has the world’s largest reserves of natural gas and the fourth largest of oil. And, despite the international isolation imposed on it by sanctions, Iran is absolutely no cultural backwater: half the population own smartphones and are members of social networking sites.







在斜角建筑的前提下，来自建筑师 Ayeneh 的事务所重新设计了它，目的是隐藏不讨人喜欢的一个电线杆的景象和对面丑陋的大厦。角窗指向了远离这些影响市容的风景。

The premise of A Beveled Building, say architects Ayeneh Office, who redesigned it, was to hide unprepossessing views of a telegraph pole and ugly building opposite. Angled windows direct views away from these eyesores.

此外，新的立法已经出台，以吸引更多的外国投资，使其成为可能，例如，在伊朗注册一个外资公司。伊朗的建筑业和房地产市场将逐渐兴起。在制裁结束后，伊朗的建筑业欣欣向荣，今天，一些人甚至觉得是文化的隔离导致了它的繁荣。一个与它昔日敌人的和解将会削弱这些，必然与全球化的融合。

Additionally, new legislation has been introduced to attract more foreign investment, making it possible, for example, to register an Iranian company with 100 per cent foreign capital. Two previously depressed sectors that look set to benefit from this are Iran’s construction business and housing market. Yet before sanctions were lifted, architecture in Iran was thriving, and today, some even feel that the country’s relative cultural isolation caused it to blossom, and that a rapprochement with its former enemies — and inevitable merging with the globalised world — will undermine this.
  




单调的半三角平面的 Niayesh办公楼激励建筑师去创造一种视觉上引人注目的外观，它的高度和窗户的尺寸有着有趣的变化。

The uninspiring semi-triangular plot of the Niayesh Office Building inspired its architects to create a visually arresting exterior with intriguing variations in the heights of its floors and dimensions of its windows.

伦敦的建筑师Amir Sanei 说，“近年来，制裁让外国建筑师和一些主要的明星建筑师走出伊朗，这是一种祝福。”他基于研究霍普金斯，是在伊朗出生和长大的，成名在英国。这使得年轻的伊朗建筑师在可用的技术和材料的同样的制裁约束条件下，繁荣和发展了独特的语言。

‘In recent years, sanctions kept foreign architects and mainly starchitects out of Iran, which was a blessing,’ says architect Amir Sanei of London-based practice Sanei Hopkins, who was born and raised in Iran and qualified in the UK. ‘This allowed young Iranian architects to flourish and develop distinctive languages within the same sanction-enforced constraints of available technologies and materials.’



办公楼的立面的强烈的水平线展示它的内部，在天花板上长的、窄的、戏剧性的角角落落，包括照明在内。

The strong horizontal lines of the office building’s facade are echoed in its interior, with its long, narrow, dramatically angular recesses in the ceiling, which incorporate lighting.

现在看一个当代伊朗项目的样本，该国的建筑师通常是专注于几何，光，颜色和背景。Najafabad的角楼，伊朗的中心，被Ayeneh事务所巧妙重新设计的一个现存大楼，它主要的观点，彻底务实的目标，是去掩盖迄今存在的景象，就是一个丑陋的电线杆和对面的建筑。重新设计的建筑和环境的关系已经被巧妙的改变了，通过倾斜凸出，有角度的窗户隐藏了柱子和建筑物，转移视线到风景葱葱的树木和山脉。建筑师也选择了统一的白色外观，利用戏剧的光影，否则就被大小不一的凸窗户破坏了。

Looking now at a sample of contemporary Iranian projects reveals that the country’s architects are typically preoccupied with geometry, light, colour and context. Take A Beveled Building in the city of Najafabad, central Iran, an existing building cleverly redesigned by Ayeneh Office, whose main, thoroughly pragmatic aim was to conceal the views it had hitherto been stuck with, namely of an unsightly telegraph pole and building opposite. The redesigned building’s relationship with its environment has been cleverly transformed by giving it a beveled façade featuring projecting, angled windows that hide the pole and building, diverting the eye instead to vistas of a luxuriantly green tree and mountains. The architects also opted for a uniformly white façade that capitalises on the play of shadow and light on it and unifies its surface, otherwise broken up by its many jutting, irregularly sized windows.
  




Hooba设计组，在Karaj的Valiahdi 商业综合体建筑上，使用术语“多重空间”来描述其复杂,有节奏的立面。

Hooba Design Group, the architects of the Valiahdi Commercial Complex in Karaj, use the term ‘multidimensionality’ to describe its complex, rhythmically patterned facade; photos Parham Taghioff (top) and Abbas Havashemi (above).

同时，Behzad Atabaki的消息，在德黑兰的六层Niayesh 办公楼已经被建筑师的感觉影响了，它的半三角位置是无趣的，需要被激活。希望避免视觉单调的形式,建筑师们想出了一个结构层组成,似乎不同的高度和窄窗组合看起来伸长了，与更常规的矩形窗配对。然而，建筑师统一这一零散的外观用一种材料把它包起来——石头。尽管特殊，外立面强烈的水平线条，平屋顶和卷曲的角落都看起来很熟悉，回忆就像国际风格和装饰艺术建筑。

Meanwhile, Behzad Atabaki’s new, six-storey Niayesh Office Building in Tehran has been influenced by the architects’ feeling that its semi-triangular site was uninspiring and needed enlivening. Wishing to avoid visually monotonous forms, the architects came up with a structure comprising storeys that appear to vary in terms of height as well as an eccentric combination of narrow windows that look stretched, paired with more conventionally rectangular ones. Nevertheless, the architects unified this fragmented-looking exterior by cladding it with one material — stone. While idiosyncratic, the façade’s strong horizontal lines, flat roof and curved corners also look familiar, recalling as they do both International Style and Art Deco architecture.
  




Valiahdi 大楼的建筑外墙动态的模式渗透进它的内部，由于彩色玻璃窗，当阳光投射到这些窗子上，彩色图案就会映射到室内。

The dynamic patterns of the Valiahdi building’s exterior invade its interior, thanks to stained-glass windows, which project coloured patterns indoors when sunlight hits them; photos Pooyeh Nouryan (top) and Parham Taghioff (above)

在伊朗的卡拉季，德黑兰以西20公里的城市里，环境也强烈影响着Valiahdi办公大楼的构架。它起伏的外观上面的窗口网格是受到周围城市街道布局的启发。而且，配合 Niayesh和角楼项目来看，它表明一种伊朗特有的存在形式是趋于复杂，几何和三维的立面。根据Sanei，这不是一种新现象：“过去2500年的波斯帝国的建筑是专注于几何、光线和空间。”事实上，Valiahdi事务所的另一个关键特质是使用光线结合色彩。它的窗子是受欧罗西古代波斯的传统（彩色玻璃）窗的启发，辉煌的充满活力的例子可以在德黑兰的戈勒斯坦宫看见。办公室窗户的颜色——砖色和绿色，在传统波斯建筑中是很普遍的——故意提起伊朗的过去。彩色玻璃还提供了一个实用的目的，有助于将热量从强烈的阳光注入到建筑物中。

Context has also strongly influenced the structure of the Valiahdi office block in the city of Karaj, 20 kilometres west of Tehran: the grid of windows on its undulating exterior was inspired by the surrounding urban street layout. And, viewed in conjunction with the Niayesh and A Beveled Building projects, it suggests the existence of a peculiarly Iranian trend for facades featuring complex, geometrical, 3D compositions. According to Sanei, this is not a new phenomenon: ‘The architecture of the Persian empires of the past 2,500 years was preoccupied with geometry, light and space.’ In fact, another key characteristic of the Valiahdi office is its use of light combined with colour. Its windows are inspired by the ancient Persian tradition of orosi (stained-glass) windows, magnificently vibrant examples of which can be seen in Tehran’s Golestan Palace. The colours of the office’s windows — brick and turquoise, which were commonly used in traditional Persian architecture — deliberately invoke Iran’s past. The stained glass also serves a practical purpose, helping to deflect heat from strong sunlight flooding into the building.
  




玻璃公司Kaveh办公楼的基地不得不让建筑师设计了一个矩形的构架。为了避免看起来“单调”，他们想出了一个非常壮观，五颜六色的玻璃幕墙。它的中庭同样是彩虹色。

The site of glass company Kaveh’s office building forced its architects to give it a rectangular structure. To avoid this looking ‘monotonous’, they dreamt up a visually spectacular, multicoloured glass facade. Its atrium is similarly rainbow-hued

光线和色彩更加奢侈的使用在德黑兰的一家工业玻璃公司Kaveh的办公楼上，由AA级Amirabbas Aboutalebi设计。再一次，基地在很大程度上决定了它长的、矩形的形状，然而它多彩的外立面是不可预知的，让人想起了柯布西耶在马赛的单元住宅公寓。同时，它内部的中庭上是惊人的条纹与像宝石般明亮的玻璃带。在可持续性和心理健康上的优点显著：丰富的日光照射进来减少了电灯的需要从而节省了能源，窗户上丰富的颜色目的是增加4000位员工的幸福感，而中庭可以在冬季保持热量，在夏季排出不新鲜的和热的气体。

Light and colour have been used more extravagantly still in the Tehran office building of industrial glass company Kaveh, designed by Amirabbas Aboutalebi of AA Design. Once again, the site largely determined its long, rectangular shape, although its polychrome façade — reminiscent of Le Corbusier’s L’Unité d’Habitation apartment block in Marseille — is anything but predictable, while its internal atrium is strikingly striated with bands of jewel-bright glass. An interest in sustainability and psychological wellbeing are other aspects of this project: the abundance of daylight inside it is designed to reduce the need for electric lighting and so save energy, the profusion of colour in the windows is intended to induce wellbeing in its 4,000 employees, while the atrium retains heat during the winter and expels stale, warm air in summer.

当代伊朗建筑参考古代传统建筑，但是戏谑的和保持神韵。仍有待观察它的发展——是否保留了它的完整性——当它完全地重新进入世界舞台。

Contemporary Iranian architecture references ancient architectural traditions but does so playfully and with verve. It remains to be seen how it evolves — and whether it retains its integrity — when it fully re-enters the global arena.



Kaveh大楼中庭的彩色玻璃是实用的也是装饰——它们也引入光线到大楼里。同心排列的八角形在不同的高度下提供了另一种装饰元素。

The singing colours of the Kaveh building’s atrium are practical as well as decorative – they also draw light into the building. Concentrically arranged octagons at different ceiling heights provide another decorative element

出处：本文译自www.architonic.com/，转载请注明出处。