Onagawa Station's Lattice Roof

由专筑网雷军，杨帆编译

由坂茂建筑师设计的火车终点站象征着日本从四年前的海啸侵害缓过神来的样貌。

A train terminal by Shigeru Ban Architects symbolizes the recovery of a Japanese town leveled by a tsunami four years earlier.



只短短的几分钟，海啸把这里变成了一堆瓦砾。瓦房的火车站在宫城县，10到20英尺高的海浪，距离日本本州2011年3月11日的8.9级地震震中只有50英里。该建筑是127000个完全被摧毁的建筑物之一，另外还有100万个报告有损坏的建筑，超过15000人失去了生命。

四年后，由美国建筑师协会会员坂茂设计的，一个新的女川火车站正式竣工。该建筑有三层，共900平方米（9682平方英尺），作为从小牛田站出发的东部终点站，距离东海岸大约500英尺远。

It only took a matter of minutes for a tsunami wave to reduce Onagawa Station to a pile of rubble. The one-story, tile-roofed train station in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, was just 50 miles from the epicenter of the magnitude-8.9 earthquake that sent a series of 10- to 20-foot-high waves crashing into Japan’s main island of Honshu on March 11, 2011. The structure was one of 127,000 buildings that were completely destroyed, with another 1 million reporting some damage. More than 15,000 people lost their lives.
Four years later, almost to the date, a new train station stands in Onagawa, this one designed by Shigeru Ban, Hon. FAIA. The airy three-story, 900-square-meter (9,682-square-foot) structure—the eastern terminus of theIshinomaki Line, which runs from Kogota Station, in Misato, to Onagawa on the east coast—was sited about 500 feet inland from the original building footprint.



顶部是一个稍微倾斜的拉伸膜屋顶，灵感来源于展翅的海鸟，雪松和钢管梁结构作为一种复原力的象征。晚上，透过白色半透明的膜使车站蒙上一层温暖的光芒，“象征着一个小镇灾后重建的决心。“建筑师Yasunori Harano说。

Topped with a gently sloped, tensile-membrane roof inspired by the outstretched wings of a seabird, the cedar-and-steel-pipe-beam structure serves as a symbol of the community’s resilience. At night, the illuminated station casts a warm glow through the translucent white membrane, “symbolizing a reconstruction of the town from the disaster,” says Yasunori Harano, project architect for Shigeru Ban Architects.



晶格结构被运用到公共广场和站台，在休闲健身中心还能欣赏到白色瓷砖画和荒野场景。

屋顶形式是由一个木格子设计而成。格子设计在车站的外壳，其中包括公共澡堂，最初是被单独安置的设施，还有公共广场和空地，四年前也被海啸破坏，。

格子是由日本落叶松制成的单板层积材（LVL）构建的，拱门是该国的重要建筑部分。Harano和项目团队需要经2-foot-wide LVL梁来实现所需的曲率和屋顶的高度，但在90毫米（3.5英寸）厚的情况下，木材会出现不正常弯曲。设计师与当地的木材承包商纵向切割单板层积材，并且把每根木材都单独分好层。

The underside of the lattice structure is visible from the public plaza and esplanade that have been added to the station, which also features white tile painted with wilderness scenes in the spa.
The taut roof form is supported by a wooden lattice, a signature of Ban’s work. The lattice members are left exposed in the station’s interior spaces, which include a public bathhouse that had been originally housed in a separate facility that was also destroyed by the tsunami, as well as a public plaza and esplanade.
The lattice is made of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) arches constructed from Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi), which is native to the country and appears in everything from furniture to boats to utility poles. Harano and the project team needed to warp the 2-foot-wide LVL beams to achieve the desired curvature and roof height, but at 90 millimeters (3.5 inches) thick, the lumber wasn’t bending properly. The designers worked with local timber subcontractor Key-Tec Co. to slice the LVL lengthwise and warp each half separately before layering them back together during the construction.



这带来了一个新的挑战。堆叠的LVL层需要与定制的木螺栓结合，但钻螺栓孔后木材被扭曲，需要花费较长时间，并且缺乏精确度，”Ban说。随后Harano的团队创造了一个晶格结构的三维模型，包括每个螺栓的弯曲LVL梁位置的最终确定-----在弯木钻16毫米直径的孔。然后将拱门运到施工现场开始组装。

This created a new challenge. The stacked LVL layers needed to be connected with custom wooden bolts, but to drill the bolt holes after the wood was warped would “take time and lack in accuracy,” Ban says. Subsequently Harano’s team created a 3D model of the lattice structure that included the final location of each bolt in the curved LVL beams to determine where to drill the 16-millimeter-diameter holes in the pre-bent wood. The arches were then transported to the construction site, where they were assembled by the contractor.



木螺栓头被设计在交替的几何图案中----特别是一个镶嵌圆形和一个正方形倒角。

最后，屋顶结构设计为76交叉的拱门，超过55英尺的跨越距离。在晶格中的每个拱相交都由相同的螺栓连接堆叠LVL层固定而成。可以看到木螺栓头比单板层积材色调稍浅，交替排列的几何图案是镶嵌圆形和正方形倒角。

今年的早些时候，建筑的竣工恰逢Inishomaki线通车，把海滨小镇重新连向全国。通过把火车站、澡堂、零售店、三分之一楼的平台结合在一起，游客可以欣赏到女川湾的美景，Ban希望该火车站能成为人们的聚会地和繁荣复苏的标志。

The wooden bolt heads are arranged in alternating geometric patterns—specifically an eight-studded circle and a square with inverted corners.
The final roof structure features 76 crisscrossing arches, with many spanning more than 55 feet. Each arch intersection in the lattice is secured with the same custom bolts that connect the stacked LVL layers. The wooden bolt heads, which are left visible and slightly paler in tone than the LVL, are arranged in alternating geometric patterns—specifically an eight-studded circle and a square with inverted corners.
The building’s completion earlier this year coincided with the reopening of the Inishomaki Line, reconnecting the seaside town to the rest of the country. By combining the train terminal, a bathhouse, retail spaces, and a third-floor platform from which visitors can admire Onagawa Bay, Ban hopes the station will serve as a gathering place for the community and a symbol of its resilience and recovery.



出处：本文译自www.architectmagazine.com/，转载请注明出处。