Arney Fender Katsalidis to transform Tuscolana railway site into low-carbon 15-minute city

由专筑网小R编译

建筑师Arney Fender Katsalidis将罗马的废气火车站改造为低碳街区，这里属于城市改造项目，该项目促进了净零碳城市的发展。

Campo Urbano方案使得曾经罗马Tuscolana火车站周围24000平方米的铁路基础设施成为了多功能开发项目。

无车辆项目在能源方面满足自我需求，利用生物材料，并且应用可逆的建筑形式，在使用周期结束时即可拆除。

Architect Arney Fender Katsalidis will transform a disused railway site in Rome into a low-carbon neighbourhood as part of the Reinventing Cities programme, which encourages cities to strive towards net-zero urban developments.
The Campo Urbano proposal will see 24,000 square metres of former railway infrastructure around Rome's Tuscolana station turned into a mixed-use development.
The car-free project will be self-sufficient in energy, will make use of biomaterials and will feature reversible buildings that can be taken apart at the end of their useful lives.


Campo Urbano开发项目位于罗马Tuscolana废弃铁路区域
The Campo Urbano development will regenerate an area of disused railway lines in Tuscolana, Rome

Arney Fender Katsalidis (AFK)负责该项目，这是由意大利开发商Fresia RE所领导的联合体。

这也属于全球C40 Cities为了帮助城市区域达到2015年巴黎协议的目标所组织的Reinventing Cities竞赛。

C40 Cities在4年前发布了“促进碳中和与城市复兴”等相关竞赛内容。


项目包含19个城市建设

总体而言，19个不同城市中的49个项目包含在竞赛之中，竞赛的要求是将没有充分利用的空间重新开发成为“可持续且具有弹性的空间”。

获胜方案以减少整个生命周期碳排放为目标，其中包括材料和施工过程中所排放的碳以及建筑投入使用时所产生的碳。

Arney Fender Katsalidis (AFK) is working on the project as part of a consortium led by Italian developer Fresia RE.
It is one of 49 projects that will be built as part of the Reinventing Cities competition organised by the global C40 Cities network to help urban areas meet the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change.
C40 Cities launched the competition four years ago "to drive carbon-neutral and resilient urban regeneration".

Projects to be built in 19 cities
In total, 49 projects in 19 different cities will be realised as part of the competition, which called for proposals to develop underutilised spaces into "beacons of sustainability and resiliency".
Winners were chosen on the basis of the ambition of their strategies for reducing whole-lifecycle emissions including both embodied carbon – emissions generated during the production of materials and construction – and operational carbon, which covers emissions caused by the building's use.


开发项目包含有提供绿色空间和生物资源的“能源公园”
The development will include an "Energy Park" that provides both green space and a source of biomass

C40 Cities零碳开发项目负责人Hélène Chartier说：“竞赛中你必须要尽量满足零碳需求，他们会进行碳评估，包括项目的生命周期分析，需要尽可能完善。”

罗马总体规划围绕15分钟城市的概念而设计，在这个概念中，人们的日常生活通过15分钟的步行或者骑车即可到达。

其中包括住宅空间、办公空间、零售区域、学生酒店、既有娱乐绿色空间也有生物能量的“能源公园”。


Campo Urbano最终满足碳的负增长

就像其他的城市改造项目那样，该项目的核心目标是在整个生命周期中尽可能实现少一些的碳足迹，AFK认为，Campo Urbano项目将在60年之中实现碳的负排放。

建筑师认为：“依据LEED零排放标准，考虑到60年来整个项目的开发与建设管理过程，Campo Urbano项目已经能够达到零碳水准。”

为了满足LEED零能源等级标准，Campo Urbano项目将结合屋面光伏与生物发电策略，从而满足自身所需的能源需求，对于后者而言，来自家庭的废料、能源公园的植物，以及可持续获取的木材将通过热解气化用于供热、冷却，以及供电。

该技术让废弃物品在低氧环境中加热到高温，从而产生合成气体。

"The competition said you have to strive for zero carbon," said Hélène Chartier, head of zero-carbon development at C40 Cities. 'They had to make a carbon assessment including a lifecycle analysis of their projects. Some are better than others."
The Rome masterplan is designed around the increasingly popular concept of the 15-minute city, where all the essentials for day-to-day life are within a 15-minute walk or cycle.
It will include residential, office space, retail, a student hotel and an "Energy Park" that provides both green spaces for recreation and a source of biomass for energy production.

Campo Urbano to eventually be carbon-negative
As with all Reinventing Cities projects, a central aim is to achieve the lowest possible carbon footprint across its lifecycle. AFK claims the Campo Urbano project will become carbon negative over a 60-year timeframe.
"In compliance with the LEED Zero standard, Campo Urbano reaches and exceeds the zero-carbon level when the construction and management of the entire development over a time span of 60 years is taken into account," the studio said.
To achieve the LEED Zero energy rating, Campo Urbano will meet its own energy needs through a mix of rooftop photovoltaics and biomass power. For the latter, compost from homes, woody crops from the Energy Park and sustainably obtained wood will be used to generate heating, cooling and electricity through pyro-gasification.
This technique sees waste heated to a high temperature in a low-oxygen environment to produce synthetic gas.


该开发项目由循环可再生系统提供动力
The development will be entirely powered by a circular, renewable system

Campo Urbano还应用绿色施工原则来减少碳排放，其中应用了诸如木材等低碳材料，比如8000平方米的胶合层积材建筑，同时采用“优先改造”策略，这就意味着对现有的建筑优先进行翻新。

AFK联合负责人Tommaso Franzolini说：“该项目相较于传统城市开发项目，有着巨大的区别，这意味着需要将场地的现有结构重新投入使用，并且融入到全新的城市空间和结构之中。”

方案的公共区域没有车辆通行，Franzolini解释：“我们分析了未来停车需求曲线，优化了停车基础设施尺寸，做到了这一点。”

“那么这让我们能够将公共与私人停车场、环城区域、下客区域、共享交通平台整合在紧凑在两层地下交通枢纽中，直接与住宅和火车站连接在一起。”


建筑“为分解而生”

新建筑为分解而生，应用了可拆卸的机械连接策略，而不是化学连接方式，并且使用可回收材料。

除此之外还有可再生电能的购电协议，从而满足充电桩车位的能源需求，这能够创造一定数量的就业机会，从而促进地区的经济复苏，这也是整个项目的重要组成部分。

Campo Urbano还通过碳封存项目从而抵消碳排放，使其真正接近净零排放。

Campo Urbano will also apply green construction principles to reduce embodied carbon. It will make wide use of low-carbon materials such as timber, including in an 8,000-square-metre glulam building, and will take a "retrofit-first" approach that means renovating existing structures where possible.
"The project is a huge step away from generic 'tabula rasa' urban development in favour of urban repair, which means carefully bringing the site's existing structures back into use and incrementally weaving in new civic spaces and uses within the existing fabric of the city," AFK associate director Tommaso Franzolini told Dezeen.
The full extent of the proposed public realm will be car-free. "We achieved this through a detailed study of future car-parking demand curves and the subsequent optimisation of the parking infrastructure dimensions," Franzolini explained.
"This has, in turn, enabled us to consolidate public and private car parking requirements, Park&Ride, Kiss&Ride, drop-offs and sharing mobility platforms within a compact underground mobility hub on two levels directly connected with both the main residential building and the train station," he added.

Buildings "designed for deconstruction"
New buildings will be designed for deconstruction, using mechanical rather than chemical connections that allow for disassembly, and homogenous materials that are easily recycled.
There is a power purchase agreement in place for renewable electric energy to cover the substantial energy requirements for electric-vehicle charging, and a green infrastructure plan, which aims to create jobs to support the area's economic recovery, is part of the proposal.
Campo Urbano will also partly rely on carbon credits earned by investing in carbon sequestration projects to offset emissions and help it get as close as possible to net-zero.


该项目的目的是改善区域的流线，并且周边社区创造契机
The scheme aims to improve circulation and create social opportunities for nearby neighbourhoods as well

建筑师认为，这将成为罗马首个无碳无车地区。

Franzolini说：“总体规划的目标是能够与联合国可持续发展目标和C40的全球设计优先项目保持一致，同时呼应当地的条件和社区环境。”

“结果便是在罗马构成了首个无碳无车地区，这里有欧洲最大的城市能源公园，这是一个绿色基础设施，整合了地区的清洁资源，并且为绿色事业提供了新的契机，除此之外，还采用了最新模块化和智能化设计策略。”

Tuscalona场地的城市竞赛项目由罗马城市管理局、场地所有方FS Sistemi Urbani，以及C40 Cities联合举办。

这将Tuscolana45000平方米的废弃铁路场地应用于Campo Urbano项目之中。

C40 Cities是“致力于解决气候变化的全球化城市网络体系”，当前有97个成员城市，共涉及7亿多人口，占全球经济总量的四分之一。

诸如伦敦、上海、圣保罗、拉各斯在内的成员国承诺实现“巴黎协议”中的目标，到了2030年，碳排放量能够减半，而到了2050年，碳排放则会完全消除。

C40 Cities的Chartier曾经说过，城市正在尽量视线净零排放，而各国政府在实现巴黎协议的目标中却做得不足。

AFK是一家全球公司，该公司曾经的作品有加拿大最高建筑Brookfield Place East，该公司的伦敦工作室负责Campo Urbano项目。

This will make it the first carbon-negative and car-free urban district in Rome, according to the studio.
"The masterplan aims to align with selected United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and C40's global design priorities while responding to local conditions and what matters to the local community," said Franzolini.
"The result is the first carbon-negative and car-free urban district in Rome which includes the largest urban energy park in Europe — a piece of green infrastructure that integrates the clean energy resources of the site and offers new opportunities for green jobs — as well as a network of diverse buildings designed with the latest modular and timber technologies in mind."
The Reinventing Cities competition for the Tuscalona site was held by city authority Roma Capitale and site owner FS Sistemi Urbani in collaboration with C40 Cities.
It awarded just over half of Tuscolana's 45,000-square-metre disused railway site to the Campo Urbano consortium.
C40 Cities is "a network of the world's megacities committed to addressing climate change". It now has 97 member cities, representing over 700 million people altogether and making up a quarter of the global economy.
Members, which include London, Shanghai, São Paulo and Lagos, pledge to meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement, halving carbon emissions by 2030 and eliminating them altogether by 2050.
In an interview with Dezeen, C40 Cities' Chartier said that cities are "leading the way" in the effort to reach net-zero, adding that national governments had done "very, very little" to deliver the goals of the Paris Agreement.
AFK is a global firm whose previous work includes Brookfield Place East, the tallest building in Calgary, Canada. It is working on Campo Urbano via its London office.