国家博物馆综合体——自然和文化的碰撞
National Museum Complex | A Vital Link Between Culture and Nature

由专筑网范偲慧，杨帆编译

韩国世宗市计划打造市文化中心，该国家博物馆综合体的总体规划在这次设计竞赛中脱颖而出。

项目一期占地面积为75000平方米，包括建筑馆、民族历史馆、设计馆、数字馆、档案馆以及国家儿童博物馆。

设计师充分利用了场地周边的自然景观，树丛、湿地、森林以及稻田等，通过中心广场相互连接，打造了一个和谐的户外空间。

事实上，要将人工建筑和自然景观完美结合是十分困难的，但是只要设计得当，它可能会惊艳所有人，这也是OU工作室努力的方向。

世宗博物馆的景观设计将文化与自然相融合，设计师希望为世宗市民乃至所有韩国民众提供一个与自然和谐相处的环境。

The National Museum Complex master plan is a design competition for a cultural center in Sejong, South Korea, which is also known as Administrative City.
The first phase will utilize 75,000 square meters that will include diverse museums, such as Architecture, National History, Design, Digital Heritage, Archives and a National Children’s Museum.
The site draws on its surrounding landscapes (groves, wetlands, forests, and rice paddies). All of these areas will be interconnected through a central square to create an outdoor space.
Trying to connect structure and landscape can be creatively difficult, but in the right arrangement, it will amaze any spectator. That is what Office OU has done with the Sejong Museum Gardens.
The gardens are recognized as a vital link between culture and nature, and the designers hope that this project can give the people of Sejong and South Korea a place to nurture this relationship.

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

国家博物馆综合体

国家博物馆综合体仿照了韩国Joeseon王朝宫殿的建筑结构，Nicolas Koff（OU工作室负责人）说：“宫殿群往往是一些简单的、相互影响的复合式建筑用特殊的建筑语言结合在一起，但它们对自然景观的应对方式不同。”显而易见，在这个博物馆综合体的设计和开发过程中，传统和文化至关重要。

National Museum Complex
With the basic logic of Korea’s Joeseon Dynasty palace architecture, Nicolas Koff (Office OU principal) says, “The palaces are simple and cohesive complexes united in their architectural language and yet differentiated by their response to the natural landscape.” It’s clear that tradition and culture are very important keys in the design and development for this museum complex.

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

建筑空间通过与景观整合，创建了不同的特点，以及建立与各地区之间的联系。例如，建筑馆以硬质景观为主，打造大都市的感官体验，突出城市建筑之间的关系，而档案馆则更多以山景为主，隔离出一块相对静谧的空间。

By creating different characteristics, the spaces (museums) will interconnect with the landscape, building links between each area. For example, the Architecture Museum will have some hard landscaping with an urban feel, relating to the city and the structures, while the Archives Museum will be more of a mountainous environment, providing seclusion.

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

植物设计

博物馆受邻近景观的影响，庭院的设计与周围自然景观相呼应。比如以草地为特色的树林（细叶结缕草和韩国业平竹），小型湿地配合多年生草本植物（宽叶香蒲和糙叶紫菀），森林景观（日本赤松和朝鲜冷杉）以及稻田景观（亚洲水稻）。

这个设计把如何将景观和建筑更好地融合在一起的研究推上了一个新的高度，设计师们更加注重自然和建筑之间的联系，实现绿色区域和博物馆之间的友好共存。

Plants in the Design
The museums are influenced by their adjacent landscapes, guiding the design of the courtyards. Some of the landscape areas include a grove featuring grass (Zoysia tenuifolia) and bamboo (Semiarundinaria ‘Korea’); wetland edges with perennial herbaceous plants (Typha latifolia) and perennial herb (Aster scaber); forests featuring Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora siebold & zucc.) and Korean fir (Abies koreana); and the rice paddies, with Asian rice (Oryza sativa).
This design will contribute to a new phase in learning about and cultivating how landscape and structure can work together. The architects are emphasizing nature vs. building; green areas are important and they can coexist with the museums.

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

景观的教育意义

博物馆的教育意义同样适用于景观，我们要意识到景观不只具有美化的作用。竞赛的其中一个评审称景观是“作为建筑元素的自然解释”。

OU工作室正在创造和发展一个与大自然互动的新概念——景观是这个项目的重点，博物馆甚至都退居二线。设计整合了所有元素，每个空间的定义就是如何将自然的伟大在设计中完整地呈现出来，景观成为贯穿所有场馆的中心线。

Landscape as Educational Places
It is also important to recognize that while the museums serve an educational purpose, so do the landscapes surrounding them. The landscape is not just a pretty site. One of the competition’s jury called it “The interpretation of nature as an architectural element”.
Office OU is creating and developing a new concept in interacting with nature — the realization that landscape can be the main focus and the museums can play a secondary purpose. The design integrates each element as if the spatial orientation of each space is what creates a collective visualization of greatness in design. In designing with nature in mind, the landscape is the central guide throughout these museums.

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

每个场馆都有不同的生态系统

自然在各个场馆之间得到了最好的利用和保护，也建立了一种新的学习体验。游客们不仅有机会和自然亲密接触而且能更好地理解这个博物馆综合体给整个城市带来的意义。

韩国计划将这个国家博物馆综合体打造成一个文化交流平台，为居民提供一个与自然和谐相处的友好环境。如此大规模的开发和建设在韩国甚至世界都是前所未有的。

Each Museum has a Different Ecosystem
Nature is at its best within the constructed site, building a new learning experience within the spaces. Not only do visitors have the opportunity to reconnect with nature, they can also understand what the museums bring to the city.
South Korea’s plan is to create the National Museum Complex as a platform for a cultural network, giving the Administrative City a harmonious vision between inhabitants and nature. It is a unique experience for South Korea and the world to have a development of this magnitude.

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

竞赛的评委们对这个项目赞赏有加，它不仅具备“精准、细腻的空间控制”而且“通过建筑形式和自然之间的空间关系，成功地控制了整体的规模。”

我相信OU工作室为这个特别自治市的设计提出了一个清晰的概念，也为景观设计的未来带来了新的思路。如此大规模的项目对整个国家来说都极为重要，它承担了文化教育的功能，无论是对居民还是游客。

The competition jury praised the project’s “exquisite control of space,” as well as “the spatial relationship between nature and built form, which is successfully anchored in human scale.”
I believe Office OU has designed a clear concept for the Administrative City; they are bringing a good idea to the future of landscape architecture. Making a commitment of this scale gives them a sense of importance for the country, because this project will carry out an educational purpose for both residents and visitors.

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

这个项目中，设计师们不可思议的想法发展成了远超其他国家的设计理念。这将是浓墨重彩的一笔，所有人都在期待2023年，项目完工时的盛况。

景观设计发展到现在，我想这个项目应该是未来发展方向的一个转折点。将一个原本存在的空间打造得既美丽又实用是景观设计的基础任务，但是如果你有一个优秀的设计团队就可以创造一个这样的空间，然后一切就顺理成章了。我非常期待这个项目的建成，也希望看到 OU工作室在未来景观设计领域能带来更多的惊喜。

Throughout it all, the architects have been developing incredible ideas that will surpass what other countries are doing. Taking a page from this project will be a must; everyone should be on the lookout when it is completed in 2023. It will be a very unique and interesting experience.
Landscape architecture has come so far, and this is a stepping stone for the future. Taking a space and making it beautiful and useful is a task in itself, but if you have a great team that can create it, then everything will come together as it should. I know I will look forward to seeing this completed project and future endeavors that Office OU will have for the landscape architecture community.

National Museum Complex Image credit: Office OU    图片来源：Office OU

国家博物馆综合体项目信息
项目名称：National Museum Complex Master Plan of the New Administrative City
设计单位：Office OU
项目位置：韩国世宗市
项目情况：竞赛获胜方案
项目时间：2016年
项目面积：190000平方米

Full Project Credits For National Museum Complex:
Project: National Museum Complex Master Plan of the New Administrative City
Architect: Office OU
Location: Sejong, South Korea
Status: Competition Winning Entry
Year: 2016
Size: 190,000 square meters


出处：本文译自landarchs.com/，转载请注明出处。