你不知道弗兰克•盖里的九件事情！
9 Things You Didn’t Know about Frank Gehry !

由专筑网缕夕，严越编译

让人印象深刻的现代建筑大师，弗兰克•盖里必是其中一位。他的抽象几何雕塑式的建筑使他的作品得到全世界的认可。他的成功使他成为明星建筑师，也使得他的聪明才智和领导力，甚至一些丑闻和失败而闻名。盖里早年一直在追求事业，他说道，“环境决定一切。”那么，什么样的背景故事，能引人入胜？建筑师盖里背后又有什么故事？这里有9件你不了解他的事情。


1.真正的名字是Frank Owen Goldberg

虽然在关于他的文章和书籍中重复出现了这个错误信息，但是他的名字并不是以Ephraim Goldberg。Ephraim是他祖父给他起的希伯来名字，但他从未被家人用过。他从建筑学院毕业后，把姓改为盖里，以排除反犹太主义。

Considering the architects who have left a stigma in contemporary architecture, Frank Gehry pops up to mind automatically. The geometric abstraction of his buildings makes his work recognizable worldwide. His success made him a celebrity, a star architect, known for his ingeniousness, marketing leadership, even some scandals, and failures. “Context is the whole thing,” says Goldberger, who has been following his career since his early years. (Budds D., 2015). So, what is the background story, the philosophy of this engaging personality? What are the elements that formed the architect Frank Gehry? Here are 9 things you didn’t know about him.

1.His real name is Frank Owen Goldberg
Although many writers repeat this misinformation in articles and books about him, he wasn’t named Ephraim Goldberg. Ephraim was the Hebrew name his grandfather gave him but was never used by his family. (Reinhart A., 2010) He changed his surname to Gehry after he graduated from architecture school to preclude anti – Semitism.


Frank Gehry演示了他的纸板书桌的耐久性/Frank Gehry demonstrates the durability of his compressed cardboard desk- Photo by Ralph Morse (1972)

2.他的早期设计中有一个鱼类学的灵感

作为一个犹太人的孩子，弗兰克•盖里的童年生活里，大人一直会在水缸里饲养鲤鱼，作为安息日晚餐。尽管有这个传说，他的鱼形的建筑形式并不是由童年经历发展出来的。他在八十年代的演讲中，解释了鱼类学的缘由，所想表达的是批评后现代主义及其对过去的依附。他在这些设计中寻求的是运动的感觉和起伏的表面。

2. There is an ichthyological inspiration in his early designs
As a Jewish kid, Frank Gehry grew up in a house where there was always live carp in the bathtub for Sabbath suppers. (Reinhart A., 2010) In spite of the urban legend surrounding this story, his fish-shaped figures have not occurred from this childhood experience. He defines their origin in a speech he gave in 1980’s, criticizing postmodernism and its attachment to the past, the existing of fish before the human being. What he was seeking in these designs were the feeling of movement and the undulating surfaces.


巴塞罗那-奥林匹克新港/El pez dorado del Puerto Olímpico de Barcelona – Photography: CORBIS

3.洛杉矶对他的工作有很大的影响

洛杉矶是一个流动性、瞬息万变的城市。虽然盖里1929年出生于多伦多，他的大部分生活都在洛杉矶，受到其特色和节奏的影响。“盖里的建筑以融入洛杉矶为起始点”：缺乏类型学，临时性。他有独特的融入城市的方式；他会尊重项目，但永远固守给定的环境。他的建筑是里程碑式的，而不是温和的尝试。

3. Los Angeles has a great impact on his work
L.A. is a city of mobility, constant movement, and ephemerality. Although Gehry was born in Toronto in 1929, he spent most of his life there and got influenced by its character and rhythms. “Gehry’s architecture starts out by accepting L.A. for what it is”: the lack of typology, the temporary nature. He has a unique way of integrating into the city; he will respect the procedure, but never a given environment or context. (Moneo R., 2004) His buildings are the landmark, not a mild intervention.


1979秋季，Frank Gehry在南加州建筑学院演讲/Frank Gehry lectures at the Southern California Institute of Architecture, Fall 1979. Photography of the SCI-Arc Media Archive.

4. 他的建筑是由无趣的组合而定义的

这位解构主义建筑师说：“我最喜欢的是将项目分解成尽可能多的单独部分。对他来说，形式并不是封闭和完美的; 他正在寻求初步想法进入项目之中，这也使得客户更多地参与从而得到最终的结果。他是一位自由的精神建构者，他认为，对建筑和材料的新观念可以创造一个新的建筑。

4. His buildings are defined by an absence of interest in composition
“What I like best is breaking down the project into as many separate parts as possible,” says the deconstructivist architect. For him, the form is not something closed and perfect; he is seeking the evolution of his preliminary idea into the building process, which also allows the client more involvement in the final result. He is a free spirit builder who believes that a fresh look at construction and materials can create a new architecture. (Moneo R., 2004)


Frederick Fisher, Robert Mangurian, Eric Owen Moss, Coy Howard, Craig Hodgetts, Thom Mayne, and Frank Gehry at Venice Beach, 1980. ©1980 Ave Pildas.

5. 盖里忽略了建筑的传统特征

盖里的特色还体现在他的建筑平面图，剖面和立面图上。一旦他在草图上涂鸦，就像他所说的那样——他不再对设计过程的概念感兴趣。他认为，这是将建筑师与原始理念和施工现实挂钩。然而，模型制作对于他的体积和形式的推敲是至关重要的，以及他一直在开发解决结构问题的计算机技术，他完成了看似不可能的事情：把抽象的草图变成一个建筑物。

5. Gehry ignores the traditional representation of architecture
Floor plans, sections, and elevations are his kryptonite. Once he creates the basic masses in sketches – scribbles, as he calls them – he is no longer interested in the concept of the designing process. He believes that this is a trap meant to cage the architect between the original idea and the reality of construction. However, model making is essential to his experiments with volumes and shapes, and along with the computer technology he has been developing to solve structural problems, he accomplished the impossible: to turn an abstract sketch into a building. (Keskeys P., 2016)
 

Frank Gehry草图/Frank Gehry Sketch – Courtesy of Gehry Partners, LLP

6.他更喜欢艺术家而不是建筑师

盖里以雕塑式的建筑设计为突出特点。他的每个项目都有弯曲的形式，棱镜，运动和躁动不安的概念。 “创新只能来自更像艺术家的人，而弗兰克•盖里（Frank Gehry）则是在这种层次结构中超越所有人的艺术家。”因此，他的建筑物是艺术品，脆弱的物体，需要在不断变化的城市环境中生存。

6. He works more like an artist rather than an architect
The sculpturesque of his designs is Gehry’s identifying characteristic. Curvy forms, prisms, notions of movement and restlessness are present in each one of his projects. “Innovation can only come from people that are more like artists, and Frank Gehry is the artist who stands above all others in such hierarchy.” (White S., Wright G.P., 2003). Thus, his buildings are works of art, fragile objects that need to survive in an ever-changing urban environment.


Foggy’s owner Gehry at the helm, with Foggy’s owner, Richard Cohen (right). Photography: Todd Eberle

7.他最近设计了他的第一艘游艇

盖里是一名游艇爱好者，并在几个项目中使用了帆船的形状，如毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆和巴黎的路易威登基金会。他在2008年与德国造船厂德国Frers合作设计了Foggy，这是Richard Cohen的一艘船，因为是86岁的盖里设计领域的巨大转变而闻名。他称其实这个项目已经酝酿多年，但由于工作量，没有时间把它付诸实现。


8.弗兰克•盖里曾经在一次新闻发布会上做出错误的举动

当被称为明星建筑师时，盖里都会很生气，无论是出于这个饱受争议的词语，还是出于谦虚；他认为自己只是一个建筑师。两年前，在西班牙奥维多举行的新闻发布会上，一位记者问他是否认为他的建筑是卓越不凡的。弗兰克•盖里（Frank Gehry）举起中指，后来长时间的沉默。他声称他只是在做自己的工作，有些人也是这么喜欢的。后来他道歉，将这种不当行为归因于“错误的时刻”。

7. He recently designed his first yacht
Gehry is a keen yachtsman and has used the shapes of sails in several projects, such as the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Fondation Louis Vuitton in Paris. He collaborated in 2008 with the German shipyard German Frers to design Foggy, a boat for Richard Cohen, distinguished for the great undulating patterns of the 86-year-old architect. He had this project in his mind for many years but no time to put it in realization due to workload.

8. Frank Gehry once misbehaved in a press conference
When called a stararchitect, Gehry is usually irritated, both for the controversial meaning that this word has acquired but also out of modesty; he considers himself just an architect. Two years ago, in a press conference  in Oviedo, Spain, a journalist asked him whether he thinks that his architecture is pretentious, a spectacle. Frank Gehry raised his middle finger, and a long silence followed. He claimed that he is only doing his work, and some people appreciate it as it is. Later he apologized, imputing this misbehavior to “a wrong moment.”


今天的建筑大多是“纯狗屎”！盖里说/Most of today’s architecture is “pure shit” ! Gehry said

9. 总有一些我们不了解他的东西

弗兰克•盖里是一个独特的个性，反映在他所有的工作。他永远不会停止发展，不断寻找一种新的架构，杜绝普通，忽视建筑类型学和语境。他是瞬息万变的标志，他是如此不可预测，他永远不会让我们惊讶，毕竟他是一个反叛者。

“有一些关于建筑表达的规则
它们必须适应某个通道。去他的！
我要做到最好，如果不好，城市就不会接受它。
——弗兰克•盖里。

9. There will always be things we don’t know about him
Frank Gehry is a unique personality and that reflects in all of his work. He never stops evolving, looking for a new architecture, escaping the ordinary, ignoring typologies and contexts. He bears the mark of the temporary, the ephemeral, (Moneo R., 2004) he is so unpredictable that he never fails to surprise us. He is a rebel after all.
“There is sort of rules about architectural expression
which have to fit into a certain channel. Screw that! It
doesn’t mean anything. I am going to do what I do the
best and if it’s no good the marketplace will deny it.”
—Frank Gehry.


出处：本文译自www.arch2o.com/，转载请注明出处。