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世界最佳歌剧院之一：布宜诺斯艾利斯的科隆大剧院
The History of One of the Best Theaters in the World: Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires

由专筑网芮万里，杨帆编译

布宜诺斯艾利斯的科隆大剧院被认为是世界上最好的歌剧院建筑之一，它良好的音响效果和遗产价值在国际上备受赞誉，并在一定程度上展示了意大利和法国在建筑文化上对阿根廷的影响。

科隆大剧院坐落于城市特殊的闹市区，位于Cerrito, Viamonte, Tucumán以及Libertad各街道之间。

科隆大剧院于1908年5月25日投入使用，并产生了重要的影响，它被认为是这个国家最具代表性的历史古迹。

Considered as one of best buildings for opera in the world, the Colón Theatre in Buenos Aires is internationally renowned for its acoustics and its heritage value, showcasing the Italian and French influence on cultural architecture in Argentina.
It is situated in a privileged location of the city′s downtown, between the streets Cerrito, Viamonte, Tucumán, and Libertad.
Inaugurated on the 25th of May in 1908, it had a significant impact and is considered one of the most emblematic historical monuments of the country.


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科隆大剧院在不同时期是两座建筑物，第一座在1857年到1888年位于五月广场的前方，而之后被转移到了 Lavalle广场前，在这里坐落着城市最重要的一座火车站。

The Colón operated in two different buildings: it was first located in front of Plaza de Mayo between the years 1857 to 1888, it was then moved in front of Plaza Lavalle, where one of the city′s most important railway stations was located.


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意大利的建筑师弗朗西斯科•塔布里尼（Francesco Tamburini）于1980年为当前的剧院完成了最初的设计稿。

然而，在弗朗西斯科•塔布里尼（Francesco Tamburini）于1981年去世之后，他的合伙建筑师维克多•米诺（Víctor Meano）对他的方案进行了改进并将其建造起来。

在剧院开幕的前四年，米诺被谋杀，之后整个项目由建筑师朱丽奥•多尔莫（Jules Dormal）接手并完成。

The Italian architect, Francesco Tamburini, completed the initial designs for the current theater in 1980.
However, after his death in 1981, the plans were modified and construction began under his partner, architect Víctor Meano.
Four years prior to the theatre′s inauguration, Meano was murdered and the completion of the project was taken over by the Belgian architect Jules Dormal.


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在1989年，科隆大剧院被宣布成为“国家历史纪念牌”，而在2006年到2010年，由阿根廷的文物专家和技术人员对整个建筑进行了大规模的保护维修，并增加了现代技术设施。

In 1989, the Colón Theatre was declared a “Historic National Monument” and between the years of 2006 to 2010 the building underwent a process of extensive conservation maintenance and technological modernization, which was carried out by Argentinean heritage specialists and technicians.


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这座建筑展示出了20世纪初的折衷主义风格。

它的总面积达到了58000平方米。

主要空间的形状为意大利的马蹄形：其最小直径为29.25m，最大的直径达到了32.65m并且高达28m。整个剧院拥有2478个座位并且连同站着的人它总共可以容纳3000人。

The building showcases an eclectic style from the beginning of the twentieth century.
It has a total surface area of 58,000 meters squared.
The main room is shaped in the form of an Italian horseshoe: its small diameter measures 29.25 meters, and its large diameter reaches 32.65 meters with a high of 28 meters. It has a capacity of 2,478 seats and can fit up to 3,000 including those standing.


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最初，建筑穹顶上的装饰画是由法国艺术家 Marcel Jambon 所画，但是随着时间的消耗，在20世纪30年代装饰逐渐消磨退化，这使得这座建筑在接下来的几十年里都没有再进行装饰性的绘画。

在1965年12月，Raúl Soldi被雇佣开始恢复穹顶的装饰画，并且于1966年完成了这项工作。

Originally, the French artist Marcel Jambon painted the dome of the main room, but its subsequent deterioration around the 1930’s resulted that it was left for decades without decorative painting.
In December of 1965, Raúl Soldi was hired to restore the dome, which was completed by March of 1966.


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一盏总重量超过一吨，直径达7m的青铜制的枝形吊灯悬挂在穹顶的中心。

这座穹顶所形成的空间可以使音乐家演奏出不同的音效。

In the center of the dome, a bronze chandelier hangs with a total weight of over a ton and a diameter of 7 meters.
Within the dome, there is a space that allows musicians to generate different sound effects.


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科隆大剧院拥有专门的生产车间并且能够准备所有表演所需的物品，这也就意味着大部分的窗帘，舞台设计和演出服装都是在这座建筑中完成的。

The Colón Theatre has specialized production workshops that are able to prepare all the necessary elements for staging a show, meaning that the majority of the curtains, stage designs and costumes are made in the same building.


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在歌剧院众多的特点中，良好的音乐质量是一项非常重要的优点。

科隆大剧院的音乐质量归功于马蹄形的形式以及技术的使用。

由于这种形式能够恰当地反射声音，它使得整个演出空间变成了一个回音室，具有良好的混响效果。

For a theater of these characteristics, acoustic quality is an important virtue.
The quality of the acoustics in the Colón Theatre is owed to the technical knowledge applied in the form of a horseshoe.
As it causes a proper reflection of sound it becomes an echo chamber.


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此外，建筑房间的比例以及材料的品质之间维持了一定的平衡，如木材的分布，挂毯，帷幕以及地毯的布置，这使得整个建筑拥有了良好的声学条件。

Additionally, the architectural proportions of the room and the quality of the materials – the distribution of the wood, the tapestries, the curtain and the carpets- maintain an equilibrium that contributes to the favorable acoustic conditioning.


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出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。