Image created using render by InHAUS licensed under CC0

9种PS小技巧
9 Important Photoshop Tips for Architects

由专筑网李韧，韩平编译

本文最初由RenderPlan发表，标题为“有效工作流的九大PS技巧”。

像PS这种功能强大的软件，它可以把一个毫不起眼的图像绘制成一流的项目文本，因此，学习使用它的一些特性能够优化你的工作流程，从而获得最大的工作效率。

多年来，对于图像编辑任务，建筑师都会通过PS图像处理软件来完成。因为其功能的特殊性，该软件已成为建筑师的必备工具。它是一个强大的软件，能够用于调整效果图或重新绘制图像。一些视觉艺术家甚至严重依赖PS的后期制作。无论是效果图制作，还是建成项目的照片美化工作，PS软件可以说是建筑师的最好伙伴。

This article was originally published by RenderPlan as "9 Powerful Photoshop Tips for an Effective Workflow."
A powerful software like Photoshop can turn an average looking image or drawing into a stellar asset for a project. The trick is to learn to use some of its best features and optimize your workflow for maximum efficiency.
Over the years Photoshop has become the go-to tool for architects for any kind of image-based editing. The software has become indispensible thanks to its versatile features. It is a powerful tool for tweaking renderings or create them from scratch. Some of the most renowned visualization artists rely heavily on Photoshop and use very crude masses done in 3d programs as a starting point. From photorealistic renderings to editing photographs of built projects and beautifying line work, Photoshop can be an architect’s best friend.


1、非破坏性的工作流

与任何类型的软件一样，最重要的是要保持对项目的控制程度，操作软件时，要让自己在各个步骤之间来回切换。一个非破坏性的工作流可以为你节省很多时间。使用蒙版和调整图层来保持文件的灵活性，减少图层数量，这样你就可以对特定的图层进行实验和调整，看看不同的图层在不同的混合模式下所呈现的效果。蒙版能够让你删除不同图层的内容，并对图像的特定区域进行调整。分组、分图层，并给它们赋予特定的命名，以避免混淆信息。因此如果复制一个图层，它会自动命名为“副本”，这样你很快就会晕头转向了。


2、智能对象

你有没有在画布上放置一个图像，放大它的同时却发现图像质量的损失？通过智能对象可以减轻这种损失，你可以任意地放大它们，但却仍然保留图像的原有像素，并不会像栅格化图像之后那样变得模糊。智能对象的一大优点是它们可以通过自由转换选项而保存下来。例如，如果你扭曲了一个智能对象，并应用了转换，如果以后需要调整这个步骤，那么原来的图像仍然可用。智能对象还可复制。如果你想分图层工作，也可以通过复制选择新的智能对象。


3、快捷键

使用快捷键可以大大提升你的工作效果。你应当学习使用键盘快速访问特定的功能和选项。这里有一些你需要掌握的快捷键：

1. Non-Destructive Workflow
As with any type of software, it is important to maintain control of a project and allow yourself to go back and forth between steps without losing work. A non-destructive workflow can save you a lot of time and headache. Use masks and adjustment layers to preserve flexibility, reduce the number of layers in the layers palette so you can experiment and tweak specific things and see how they interact. Masks allow you to cut out parts of different layers and apply adjustments to specific areas of the image. Group layers and give them specific names to avoid confusion. If you duplicate a layer and leave it as “Layer 1 copy,” you can easily end up with a messy file.

2. Smart Objects
Have you ever placed an image on the canvas, scaled it back only to notice a loss in quality? This is what smart objects can mitigate. They can be scaled down or up to their original size and rotated without losing quality, unlike with a rasterized image. One of the great things about Smart Objects is how they save the Free Transform options that you apply to them. If you distort a Smart Object, for instance, and apply the transformation, your original transformation will still be available if you need to adjust the transformation later on. You can duplicate Smart Objects with the duplicates behaving like instances. If you want to work on them separately choose New Smart Object via Copy option.

3. Hotkeys
Using hotkeys can significantly speed up your workflow. Learn to use the keyboard to quickly access specific features and options. Here are some of the hotkeys you’ll need the most:

Courtesy of RenderPlan

创建图层：
MAC: Shift+Cmd+N
WINDOWS: Shift+Ctrl+N

打包所有图层：
MAC: Cmd+Alt+Shift+E
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Alt+Shift+E

反向选择：
MAC: Cmd+Shift+I
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Shift+I

取消选区：
MAC: Cmd+D
WINDOWS: Ctrl+D

复制图层：
MAC: Cmd+J
WINDOWS: Ctrl+J

剪切新图层：
MAC: Cmd+Shift+J
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Shift+J

增加/缩小笔刷大小：
MAC: ]/[
WINDOWS: ]/[

自由变换：
MAC: Cmd+T
WINDOWS: Cmd+T

混合模式：
MAC: Shift+plus(+) or minus(-)
WINDOWS: Shift+plus(+) or minus(-)

改变图像大小：
MAC: Cmd+Opt+i
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Alt+i

改变画布大小：
MAC: Cmd+Opt+c
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Alt+c

4、PS之外的色彩样板

通过特定图像，你可以选择一个特定色彩，点击吸管工具，再点击左键，然后在PS软件之外的截面按住并拖动光标（桌面、其他文件夹、图片、网页浏览器等等）。


5、保护你的图像

作为一个专业人士，你可能会将PS文件直接发送给客户。但重要的是要保护好自己的工作成果，并确保客户没有更改文件的权利。你可以将该文件加密，这样在打印或编辑它之前便需要输入密码。您也可以将其保存为PDF格式，再选择安全性，然后使用权限并输入密码以防止文件被更改。


6、显示所有图像

当使用不同的图层和图像时，你可能会忽略一些画布之外的隐藏图像。此时你可以应用显示所有图像功能，点击图像>显示全部，让画布变得足够大，从而显示所有的图像。


7、过滤器

将过滤器应用于图像是一项内存密集型任务。将过滤器应用于相对较大的图像中可能要花一段时间。因此我们一般选择较小的区域来运用过滤器。


8、匹配图像色彩

为了保持同一项目的几个图像之间的色彩一致性，配色命令可以节省大量时间。你可以打开源图像和目标图像作为两个独立的图像或图层，然后选择图像>调整>匹配颜色，并从源下拉菜单中选择源图像。这将从一个图像读取色彩统计信息，再将其应用于另一个图像。这里还可以调节亮度、色彩明度与灰度。


9、学会忽略部分细节

如果你要求面面俱到，那么运用PS软件调整图像也许会花费你大量的时间。各种各样的选项和非破坏性工作流功能十分强大，但这些过程非常耗费时间。因此，你需要为自己设定一个时间表，不要过多地尝试各种可能性。学会忽略一些细节。

Create a layer:
MAC: Shift+Cmd+N
WINDOWS: Shift+Ctrl+N

Flatten layers:
MAC: Cmd+Alt+Shift+E
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Alt+Shift+E

Invert selection:
MAC: Cmd+Shift+I
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Shift+I

Deselect the entire image:
MAC: Cmd+D
WINDOWS: Ctrl+D

New layer via copy:
MAC: Cmd+J
WINDOWS: Ctrl+J

New layer via cut:
MAC: Cmd+Shift+J
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Shift+J

Increase/decrease brush size:
MAC: ]/[
WINDOWS: ]/[

Free Transform:
MAC: Cmd+T
WINDOWS: Cmd+T

Blending modes:
MAC: Shift+plus(+) or minus(-)
WINDOWS: Shift+plus(+) or minus(-)

Change image size:
MAC: Cmd+Opt+i
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Alt+i

Change canvas size:
MAC: Cmd+Opt+c
WINDOWS: Ctrl+Alt+c

4. Sample Colors Outside Photoshop
Instead of importing an image into Photoshop just so you can sample a specific color, you can select the Eyedropper tool, left-click, hold and drag the cursor anywhere outside of Photoshop (desktop, other folders, images, web browser, etc.).

5. Protect your Images
As a professional, you’ll possibly be sending Photoshop files to clients. It is important to protect your work and make sure clients don’t use it without your permission or involvement. You can encrypt the file so that it requires a password to print or edit. You can save it as a PDF, and choose Security, then Permissions and enter a password to prevent printing and editing.

6. Reveal All
When working with different layers and placing images, you can miss the fact that there are hidden pixels outside of the canvas. This is where Reveal All can become useful. Go to Image > Reveal All to make the canvas large enough to fit all the pixels on every layer.

7. Test out Filters
Applying filters to images can be a memory-intensive task. It can take a while to apply a filter to a relatively large image. This is why it’s good to select a smaller area and apply a filter to it as a test.

8. Match Color of an Image
To maintain color consistency between several images of the same project, the Match Color command can save you a lot of time. You can open the two images-the source image and the target image–as two separate images or layers, then choose Image > Adjustments > Match Color… and select the source image from the Source pull-down menu. This reads the color statistics from one image and applies them to the other. You can also adjust luminance, color intensity and fade.

9. Learn to Let Go
Tweaking images in Photoshop can eat up a lot of your time if you don’t learn to make decisions. The variety of options and the use of a non-destructive workflow are great, but can easily turn on you. It’s important to set a time frame for yourself and not to get caught up in trying all possible styles. Learn to let go.


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。