如何DIY一个垂直花园？
How to Build a DIY Vertical Garden

由专筑网李韧，杨帆编译

约30年前，法国景观设计师Patrick Blanc率先在巴黎建造了许多立体花园，这种做法在后来风靡世界。立体花园主要是通过有一定湿度的立体结构，然后在建筑的外立面上种植植物，从而有效控制建筑内部的温度与湿度，同时增加城市绿化系统的设施。

Blanc的这项壮举基于充分了解了自然对城市的重要性，并且意识到绿色空间的价值，以及它们对社会、环境和城市的巨大贡献。

新加坡、伦敦和圣保罗都将这种技术广泛运用于城市之中，目的是提升城市居民的生活品质。

About thirty years ago, French landscape architect Patrick Blanc became a pioneer in the implementation of vertical gardens in Paris, and later in other cities around the world. Through the creation of vertical structures capable nourishing plant species, these systems allow species to grow on the facades of buildings, considerably reducing a structure's internal temperature and allowing the expansion of green areas to new (vertical) territories within the city.
Blanc's creation was part of a series of developments in understanding what nature adds to the city, recognizing the value of green spaces and their contribution to social, environmental and urban policies.
Singapore, London, and São Paulo have used the system as an important technique in their goal to improve the quality of urban life.

© Felipe Gabriel Via Movimento 90°. ImageEdifício Santa Cruz

在圣保罗，由Guil Blanche于2013年成立的Movimento 90°已负责建设约16000平方米的立体绿化区域，尤其是在Avenida 23 de Maio，这里的绿化面积高达10950平方米，而沿Elevado João Goulart的一些建筑的山墙部分同样有约4180平方米的立体绿化。

事实证明，立体绿化能够为环境带来多项效益，例如废弃物的循环利用、减少建筑能耗和净化空气，同时还能够回收雨水，并将这些水进行植物灌溉的再利用。

In the city of São Paulo, for example, the Movimento 90° founded in 2013 by Guil Blanche is already responsible for the construction of about 16,000 square meters of green area in a series of vertical gardens throughout the city, especially on Avenida 23 de Maio, where there is 10,950 square meters of green space, and in the gables of buildings along the Elevado João Goulart, popularly known like "Minhocão," where there is 4,180 square meters.
In practice, vertical gardens provide a whole series of environmental benefits, such as solid residue recycling, heat reduction inside buildings, partial air clean-up through CO2 capture, and the ability to reuse captured rainwater, which is used for the irrigation of the plants.

© Felipe Gabriel Via Movimento 90°. ImageEdifício Santos

另外，立体绿化始于绿色植物与建筑景观的结合，通过生态系统中鸟类、昆虫和植被的相互作用，景观区域的物种类型也会相对增加。

事实上，无论是大城市还是人们个体，都能为绿化系统做出贡献。

下文将详细地阐述如何建立自己的立体绿化系统。

And, while a vertical garden may begin with a set of pre-defined green species invading the gray landscape, other new species may arise due to the seeds deposited by birds and insects, as a result of their ecological interaction.
Whether on a grand urban scale or the smallest individual scale, we can be a contributor to the system's implementation.
Read on to learn how to set up your own vertical garden.

© Felipe Gabriel Via Movimento 90°. ImageEdifício Santa Cruz

准备材料

1、刚性防水片材
2、隔板
3、两个高密度毛毡板
4、针线
5、软管
6、软管接合器
7、沥干架
8、定时器
9、夹子
10、施肥土壤
11、植物种子

Materials
1.Rigid, waterproof sheet material*
2.Spacers
3.Two high-density felt blankets
4.Needle and string
5.Hoses
6.Hose couplers
7.Dripper
8.Timer
9.Clamps
10.Fertilized soil
11.Plant species

© Gabriela Di Bella Via Movimento 90°. ImageAvenida 23 de Maio

操作步骤｜Step-by-Step

1、首先将一个毛毡板剪成多个长方形。可以根据所选择的植物种类来进行剪裁，但尺寸最好控制在25厘米至40厘米之间。

1. Begin by cutting one of the felt blankets into rectangles. The measurements are variable, according to the species chosen to compose the vertical garden, but should be between 25 and 40 centimeters.

© Matheus Pereira

2、将剪好的方形毛毡与第二片毛毡缝在一起，此时最好运用粗线来缝制，因为后期需要承受土壤与植物的重量。

3、将毛毡板与刚性薄片相连接，再通过防水隔板将薄片固定到墙上，这样水分就不会渗入建筑墙体之中。

2. Fasten the cutouts to the second blanket by sewing them together. Use thick thread or string, preferably, since the bags will be required to support earth and plants.

3. Attach the high-density felt panel to the rigid sheet. Then, attach the panel created to the wall using the spacers so that water cannot infiltrate the wall.

© Matheus Pereira

4、安装完成后，将软管与软管接合器相连接，需要切记的是每隔25厘米或30厘米为软管钻上线性排列的小孔，这样能够更加均匀地灌溉植物。在出水口连接定时器，并为放水设置好规定时间段。

4. After the sheet is installed, connect the hoses together with the couplers. Remember that the hoses must be drilled every 25 or 30 centimeters and arranged in a linear fashion, to irrigate the plants evenly. Connect the timer to the water outlet, and set it to release the water at set time intervals.

© Matheus Pereira

5、在制作好的毛毡袋中放入土壤和植物幼苗。

之后，这些植物将开始自己生长，几个月后整面墙都将变得如覆盖了植被层般地郁郁葱葱。

5. Insert fertilized soil and the selected plant species one by one, in each of the felt bags.
Off you go! Your plants will begin to grow, and in months, will fill the entire wall, making it appear like a homogeneous layer of vegetation.


植物种类｜Species

你应当仔细选择植物种类，需要考虑植物所需的日照强度和面板所能承受的重量.

阳光充足区域适合种植以下植物：

1、迷迭香
2、芦荟
3、非洲天门冬
4、剑叶沿阶草
5、小叶冷水花
6、吊兰
7、巴西水叶竹
8、珍珠串
9、爆竹花
10、天竺葵
11、常春藤
12、紫鸭跖草
13、茉乔栾那
14、非洲凤仙花
15、兰花
16、麦冬
17、空气凤梨
18、紫露草
19、蟛蜞菊


多云地区适合种植以下植物：
1、红掌
2、一叶兰
3、鸟巢蕨
4、 立叶蔓绿绒
5、金丝沿阶草
6、凤梨科植物
7、金鱼吊兰
8、黄金风铃木
9、翡翠景天
10、蝴蝶兰
11、口脂藤
12、仙人掌
13、麦冬
14、Clorofito-Lumina
15、紫背竹芋
16、箭羽竹芋
17、小叶海金沙
18、红尾铁苋
19、丝苇
20、波斯顿肾蕨
21、凤梨

The species chosen to compose the vertical garden must be chosen carefully, according to the amount of sunshine and shading that the panel will receive.

Areas With Full Sun
1.Alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis)
2.Aloé (Aloe Arborescens)
3.Asparagus-fearn (Asparagus densiflorus)
4.Snake beard (Ophiopogon jaburan)
5.Artillery Plant (Pilea microphylla)
6.Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum)
7.Clusia (Clusia Fluminensis)
8.String of Pearls (Senecio rowleyanus)
9.Firecracker Plant (Russelia equisetiformis)
10.Geranium (Pelargonium Hortorum)
11.English Ivy (Hedera helix)
12.Wandering Jew (Tradescantia zebrina)
13.Sweet Marjoram (Origanum Majorana)
14.Busy Lizzy (Impatiens Walleriana)
15.Ground Orchid (Spathoglottis unguiculata)
16.Creeping Liriope (Liriope spicata)
17.Tilandsia (Tillandsia sp)
18.Purple Heart (Tradescantia pallida purpúrea)
19.Wedelia (Sphagneticola Trilobata)

Partially Shaded Areas
1.Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum)
2.Milky Way (Aspidistra Elatior)
3.Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus)
4.Flask Philodendron (Philodendron martianum)
5.Snake beard (Ophiopogon jaburan)
6.Bromeliad (Guzmania sp)
7.Goldfish Plant (Nematanthus wettsteinii)
8.Golden Shower (Oncidium sp)
9.Jenny’s Stonecrop (Sedum morganianum)
10.Moth Orchid (Phalaenopsis x hybridus)
11.Lipstick Plant (Aeschynanthus radicans)
12.Thanksgiving Cactus (Schlumbergera truncate)
13.Creeping Liriope (Liriope spicata)
14.Lumina (clorofito-lumina)
15.Zebra Plant (Calathea insignis)
16.Calanthea Species (Calathea insignis)
17.Peperômia (Peperômia scandens)
18.Firetail (Acalypha reptans)
19.Rhipsalis (Rhipsalis bacífera)
20.Sword Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata)
21.Vriesea Bromeliad (Vriesea sp)

© Helena Wolfenson Via Movimento 90°. ImageAvenida 23 de Maio

日照较少地区适合种植以下植物：

1、粗肋草
2、虎尾兰
3、蔓绿绒
4、立叶蔓绿绒
5、绒叶蔓绿绒
6、羽裂蔓绿绒
7、百合

Shaded Areas
1.Aglaonema (Aglaonema spp)
2.Saint George’s Sword (Sansevieria trifasciata)
3.Philodendron (Philodendron cascade)
4.Philodendron (Philodendron martianum)
5.Philodendron (Philodendron undulatum)
6.Philodendron (Philodendron xanadu)
7.Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii)

©Via Movimento 90°. ImageEdifício Santos

小贴士：
Tips

1、记得给土壤施肥；
2、选择适合当地气候的植物种类；
3、冬天最好运用有机肥料；
4、按时检查定时器电池，保证其正常工作。

这篇文章最初建议使用“Chapa ecológica”，这是一种可回收利用的利乐包装纸，只在部分国家有销售，但你可以运用其他类似的材料来替代。

1.Remember to nourish the plants and fertilize the earth.
2.Choose species that are appropriate to the climate in question.
3.In winter, the ideal is to nourish the plants with organic products.
4.Do not forget to check the Timer battery, changing it when necessary to ensure proper irrigation.

*The original version of this article suggested "Chapa ecológica," a sheet made from recycled Tetra-Pak packaging that is only available in some countries, but you can use any material with similar characteristics.

© Felipe Gabriel Via Movimento 90°. ImageEdifício Santa Cruz

© Felipe Gabriel Via Movimento 90°. ImageEdifício Santa Cruz

© Helena Wolfenson Via Movimento 90°. ImageAvenida 23 de Maio

出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。