本文转载自建筑师杂志

DOFFICE于深圳设计了首个由城中村握手楼改造而成的人才保障房社区 - 深圳福田水围柠盟人才公寓。在没有任何先例和规范指引的情况下，经历了3年的探索、反复协调和修改，项目即将于近日落成。


▲ 福田水围柠盟人才公寓鸟瞰  ©王晓勇

城中村

80年代初的改革开放触发了深圳经济特区与本土村落的二元发展轨迹，村落很快被现代城市包围，形成 “城中村”。城中村为低收入人群和创业者提供了较低的城市门槛，为深圳城市化发展发挥了至关重要的作用；但其中的安全卫生和社会问题，也成为难以根治的诟病。过去10年间，城中村改造意味着大规模的拆迁，彻底推倒重建，成为千城一面的高级商住综合体。深圳城中村由80年代初的300多个，迅速消减到如今的200多个，正在逐步走向消失。


▲ 水围村  ©DOFFICE

项目背景

攀升的房价和生活成本导致大量产业人才的流失，人才保障性住房计划因应而生，但受土地资源以及旧区拆改难度的限制，城市中心区难以在短时间内为外来人口提供足够的廉价保障性住房，因此本项目成为了深圳市首个利用城中村“握手楼”改造为人才保障房社区的试点。

改造片区位于深圳中心区的水围村，规划面积约8000平方米，共35栋统建农民楼，其中的29栋改造为504间人才公寓。改造设计保持了原有的城市肌理、建筑结构及城中村特色的空间尺度；并通过提升消防、市政配套设施及电梯，成为符合现代标准的宜居空间。

我们关注的，不仅是将农民房进行内部升级装修成为504间人才公寓，更在于如何将住在这504间公寓里的900名青年联系在一起，创建一个社区，而这个社区，又将会对水围村带来怎样的影响？

规划策略

项目的35栋楼为村委股份公司统一规划，宅基地基本一致，坐北朝南，南北巷道4米宽，东西巷道2.5米宽。楼宇的1至2层为商业、3层以上为住宅。如何组织这35栋长相一样的握手楼，如何组织传统商业街巷与公寓流线，如何避免迷宫般的布局，成为接手该项目的第一个问题。我们通过等级划分，将巷道分为商业街和小横巷。并将所有住户入口归纳为9个庭院，形成商业及住户流线互不干扰的格局。





▲ 五层平面图 - 电梯连廊串联全部握手楼



▲ 剖面图 - 立体的街区



▲ 西立面图 - 展示社区生活的剖面


电梯院子




我们在握手楼之间局部的“一线天”巷道里，架设了7座电梯和钢结构连廊，每座电梯首层均设有电梯院子，成为公寓入口，因此社区并没有一个主入口，也不是封闭的社区，而是一个开放的社区，与村里的商街、古井遗迹、市集脉脉相连。



▲ 握手楼部分“一线天”里加入了电梯和连廊  ©IVY Photography

空中连廊

空中连廊和室内连廊相互串联，这个三维的交通流线系统连结了所有楼栋、屋顶花园、电梯庭院和青年之家，形成四通八达的网络，同时也成为居民休憩、交流的公共空间，并营造出立体的生活街区。


▲ 握手楼“一线天”里新加的连廊  ©DOFFICE


▲ 可作为公共活动空间的连廊  ©IVY Photography


▲走廊内邻里相互问候  ©DOFFICE

相对于常规新建的保障房，本项目是一个独特的存在，社区里35栋楼的业权是分散的，当中部分楼栋不参与改造，甚至还有零星的原居民家庭夹在人才公寓中。为避免流线系统变得盘根错节般复杂，我们采用了7种色彩代表了7部电梯、电梯院子及关联的楼栋和楼梯间，这些色彩也成为最简单明了的视觉引导系统，方便住户在迷宫般的街巷中认清方向。

屋顶花园



社区另一个标志性的公共空间是项目的第五立面，即屋顶花园。29个屋顶根据各自所在的色系形成色彩缤纷的屋顶空间，这些屋顶包含了洗衣房、菜园和休憩花园。


▲ 开阔的屋顶公共空间  ©IVY Photography


▲城市屋顶农场  ©DOFFICE

青年之家



位于5层的青年之家是社区重要的公共空间之一。该空间通过钢结构连接两栋握手楼，以环状串联的形式布置了7种不同的功能，包括阅读室、茶室、多功能厅、社区厨房、社区餐厅、健身房及天井庭院。


▲ 青年之家平面图


▲ 青年之家多功能活动厅  ©王晓勇


▲ 社区厨房  ©王晓勇

户型改造

握手楼虽长相类同，但却是由不同业主建设，因此每栋楼、甚至每层的户型都不同，通过设计简化及调整，竟可归纳出18种不同户型，面积由15-55平米不等，分为多种风格和布局，切合不同住户需求。


▲ 18种户型平面


▲ 公寓室内  ©DDOFFICE

结语

深圳的城中村，均有600年以上的历史，所以深圳并不是一个没有历史的城市。深圳的根在城中村，并承载着时代的集体记忆。我们希望通过改造措施，保留城市的肌理、文脉和集体记忆，为老村注入新的生命力、新的价值；并探讨通过旧建筑和新文化的结合，创造一个平台，引发新旧社区居民自身的参与与交融，活化老社区。

同时，我们也希望通过本项目，思考城中村下一个时代使命，希望能给城中村“握手楼”一次再生的机会，“不推倒重来”的改造也是一个值得考虑的、严肃而有趣的选择。


项目简介

项目名称：深圳福田柠盟人才公寓
项目地址：中国-深圳市-福田区-水围村
竣工时间：2017年12月
项目开发：深业置地投资发展（深圳）有限公司
项目营运：深圳深业酒店管理有限公司
设计机构：DOFFICE创始点咨询（深圳）有限公司
合作机构：深圳市都市建筑设计有限公司
设计团队：Chris H.S.Lai, Jasmine M.Y.Tsoi, Kwan Yee Wong, Cindy Yan, David Wen, Demi Han, Zachary Bao, Jack Ou, Nita Lin, Red Liu, Ann Hu, Morning Dong, Ananda de Vos, Helene Pohl, Arnound Stavenuiter, Bert Oostdijk
摄影：IVY Photography & Production, Chris Lai, 王晓勇

主创设计简介

Chris Lai
荷兰注册建筑师
荷兰代尔夫特理工大学建筑硕士 (一级荣誉)
DOFFICE创办人
《城市沉淀|水围》2015深港双城双年展-外围展策展人
Chris为早期荷兰华裔移民之后裔，因而拥有中荷双重文化背景。他以一级荣誉之成绩获得荷兰代尔夫特理工大学建筑硕士学位，随后加盟以创新前卫见称的荷兰MVRDV建筑设计事务所，担任创作项目设计师。随后于荷兰创办了DOFFICE。
Jasmine M.Y. Tsoi 蔡雯瑛
荷兰鹿特丹贝拉格建筑研究学院建筑硕士香港中文大学建筑学士DOFFICE合伙人《城市沉淀|水围》2015深港双城双年展-外围展策展人《2016前海公共艺术季》展览总监Jasmine毕业于荷兰鹿特丹贝拉格建筑研究学院，后加盟荷兰大都会建筑设计事务所鹿特丹总部(OMA Rotterdam)及北京分部 (OMA Beijing)，期间参与设计了中国中央电视台新台址项目等工程。随后于荷兰创办了DOFFICE。

LM Youth Community

Urban Villages
It is the Open Door Policy in the early 80’s that kicked off the parallel evolution of the indigenous villages and the SEZ of Shenzhen. As Shenzhen is going through an urbanization process from the 80’s and evolved into a metropolis of 12 million inhabitants as it is today, the rural indigenous villages that operate as different administrative entities, transformed itself into urbanized mini cities within its host.


▲LM Youth Community  ©Leo Xiao-Yong Wang

Project Background

Since the Open Door Policy in the early 80’s, Shenzhen became a magnet, attracting people from all over China to settle in this new city. But in the past decade, the cost of living has reached such a level, that many are leaving the city for their hometown or other cities where the living condition is more affordable.

In a bid to retain talents, Shenzhencreated an affordable housing program to ease the housing pressure. Compared to other affordable housingdevelopments, this project is a one-of-its-kind. It is the first time the government leased property from the villagers, in this case an ensemble of 35 "handshake tower blocks" to be converted into affordable housing. And in the past decade, urban renewal concerning urban villages means mass demolition, a total eradication from any trace from the past, replaced by brand new complexes with malls, offices and residential.

What makes this project so special is the opportunity to give the "handshake tower blocks" a second life and to create awareness that re-use of buildings is also a serious and interesting option to be considered.

Transformation Strategy

To provide 500 plus rental units, the existing residential layout has to be reconfigured and upgraded to meet the current living standards of the young urbanites.



▲ Reconfigure existing units of 35 "handshake tower blocks"to 504 apartments


▲ Insertion of a 3 dimensional infrastructure system connecting the individual towers with communal  spaces. This 3D network in-between creates a community, rather than treating the project as 35individual towers.


Another challenge, which we think is more interesting and significant, is how to turn this group of 35 towers with 504 apartment units and a population of 900 young professionals into acommunity instead of a sum of individual living units.



▲Vertical Community

Sky Corridors

To create this community, our intervention is not so much happening inside the towers, but rather in-between. In these voids between the towers we created an infrastructural system with 7 elevators inter-connected by a lateral system of sky corridors on the 5th and the 7th floors.



▲ Interconnected sky corridors in-between building gaps  ©IVY Photography

This 3 dimensional circulation system forms at the same time an important public space for the community, providing an extension of the limited living space to the individual units.


▲ A network of sky corridors as informal communal spaces  ©DOFFICE


▲Visual connection & layerings of sky corridors  ©DOFFICE

The color coding divides this 3 dimensional infrastructure into service clusters to enhance the way finding within thelabyrinth. During the design process the withdrawal from participation of a few landlords, owners of 6 towers and several units in several towers, gave a rhizomatic twist to this web of sky corridors.

Communal Spaces

Another important public space that supports this community is the communal space on the 5th floor. This is a 200m2 Communal Living Room for the 504 units, equipped with gym, reading lounge, tea lounge, multipurpose gathering space and a communal kitchen with dining room.



▲ Communal Dinning Room  ©DOFFICE

Roofscape

The roofscapes, the 5th façade of thisproject with its ultimate openness, add another dimension to the collection of public spaces to the project. The roofscapes are designed with the purpose to accommodate programs such as laundry rooms, vegetable gardens and lounges.



▲Roof Laundry Garden  ©DOFFICE


▲ Ultimate openness of the roofscape  ©IVY Photography

Apartment Types

Based on the structural grid of the towers and the target of the client, there are 18 different unit typologies ranging from 15 to 55 m2.

Re-Use versus Tabula

RasaWithin the over-fanatic building market, urban villages are often seen as an eyesore within the generic glittering cityscape. Urban renewal plans with its strategy of creation by destruction have already swallowed up a great amount of villages. Urban villages are part of Shenzhen’s urbanization history and since late 80’s they evolved into an important ecosystem serving the migrant citizens of Shenzhen. It will be a win for the city to find an alternative strategy for the urban villages; a livable city is more than shopping malls, tech parks and gated communities.

PROJECT: Shenzhen Shuiwei LM Apartment

LOCATION: Shuiwei Village– Shenzhen – China

COMPLETION: 2017/12

CLIENT: Shum Yip Land Investment & Development Co., LTD

OPERATION: Shenzhen Shum Yip Hotels Management Co., LTD

ARCHITECT: DOFFICE Shenzhen Co., LTD

LDI: Shenzhen Urban Architectural Design Co., LTD

DESIGN TEAM: Chris Lai, Jasmine M.Y.Tsoi, Kwan Yee Wong, Cindy Yan, David Wen, Demi Han, Zachary Bao, Jack Ou, Nita Lin, Red Liu, Ann Hu, Morning Dong, Ananda de Vos, Helene Pohl, Arnound Stavenuiter, Bert Oostdijk

PHOTOGRAPHY: IVY Photography & Production, Chris Lai, Leo Xiao-yong Wang

PARTNER-IN-CHARGE

Chris Lai

Partner of DOFFICE

Dutch Registered Architect

M.Arch.(Dist.) Delft University of Technology – The Netherlands

Jasmine Tsoi

Partner of DOFFICE

M.Arch. Berlage Institute – Rotterdam The Neth