Image © Roderick Aichinger

5种独特的迷你住宅及其可观的建造价格
5 Very Different Ways to Finance the Construction of Tiny Houses

由专筑网李韧，韩平编译

本文最初发表于Archipreneur，标题为“5种神奇的迷你住宅以及它们的造价模式”。

迷你住宅越发普遍，这种小规模住宅遍布世界各地。这些小房子的造价既低廉，又极具生态意识，它们大大减轻了住房危机，成为当代年轻人的又一选择。这种住宅的尺寸形式多样，既有微型公寓，也有办公场所，其底部还可以安装车轮。同样，这些小住宅的融资方式也各不相同，这取决于建筑的功能、当地规范、建筑规模，以及其最终用途。

其实最好的选择是自给自足，就是自己设计建造住宅，使用的也是自己的储蓄存款，因此不需要担心债务。许多迷你住宅制造商也向客户提供了许多支付方案，例如RV贷款、P2P借贷、众筹等方式也可供选择。小编总结了5种不同功能的迷你小屋和它们不同的融资方式。

This article originally appeared on Archipreneur as "5 Amazing Tiny Houses and Their Financing Models."
The tiny house movement is taking the housing market by storm, with small homes appearing all over rural and urban areas across the world. They are an affordable and eco-conscious solution to the narrowing housing supply and can offer mobility to an increasing population of young professionals. Tiny houses come in many forms and sizes—from micro-apartments and office spaces, to cabins on wheels and trailers. Similarly, the financing models vary, depending on function, local building codes, size requirements and whether they’re made as commercial products or private housing solutions.
The best option is to design and build the house yourself, using savings instead of worrying about interest rates and debt. Some tiny house manufacturers offer in-house payment solutions to their customers. Other options are RV loans, peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding. We assembled a list of 5 beautiful tiny houses built for different purposes.

Image © thebearwalk.com

1、Llano Exit策略

这个微型住宅项目表明，造价低廉的迷你住宅也能够创造大社区。Llano Exit策略包含有4座私人住宅和1座共享建筑，这些建筑都位于德克萨斯州的Llano河畔。4个家庭共同购买了这片土地，并希望每个家庭都能有独立的住宅，另外还需要有一个用于集体活动的公共空间。他们委托建筑师Matt Garcia来完成这个复杂的项目，每个住宅的预算为40000美元。

已完成的建筑每座占地面积35平方米，呈流线形态，对环境并不构成太大影响。建筑师在建筑外部运用了镀锌钢板，从而反射过于强烈的直射日光，而内部则运用了泡沫隔热板，这样能够让室内保持舒适的气温。倾斜的屋顶可以用于收集雨水，并将雨水存储于建筑一侧的水池中。室内空间主要运用了抛光混凝土地板和隔板墙，各种元素配件相结合从而降低了建造成本。

2、Kasita迷你住宅

这是一个典型的迷你住宅案例。哈佛大学研究者Jeff Wilson认为Kasita迷你住宅是其以前实验作品的延续。这座迷你住宅具有自动化、可移动的特点，面积约33平方米，可以安装于任何空置场所。小屋的预算为139000美元，除去土地租赁等费用，每个月的还款金额约为800美元。

由于模块化设计方式，这些单元可以自由组合，形成更大的家庭住宅空间、学生宿舍甚至办公场所。主要面向人群是那些对于传统房产模式不感兴趣的创意流动人士，这些住宅能够满足他们的流动性。当他们由于事业家庭等原因改变定居地点时，这些小房子也可以随之移动。他们甚至还可以通过Kasita团队研发设计的APP来操纵各项功能。每个住宅单元设置有简单的玻璃窗和钢框架，建造周期约为一个星期。

“Kasita迷你住宅也许是传统房地产的未来突破。”Wilson在接受福布斯杂志记者采访时说道。

3. Getaway

哈佛的大学创新实验室开启了Getaway住宅项目，主要为城市居民建造、出租小型住宅，让人们充分享受大自然。这是传统度假方式的变体，让人们能够离开城市去往周边小区。这是一个通过设计来创造市场价值的典型案例。

这个迷你住宅的费用为99美元一晚，这与普通酒店的价格相差无几，其中也设置了丰富的相关设施，例如淋浴区、厨房等功能区域，还有咖啡茶点等各式小点心。目前这种小房子只有纽约和波士顿才有，当前该团队正在筹备扩大计划。

该公司近期获得了由L Catterton公司资助的高达1500万美元的赞助金，这是一家赞助了多个知名品牌的私人企业。

1. Llano Exit Strategy
This micro-housing project shows that building tiny houses can lead to creating larger communities, which offer affordable housing solutions. The Llano Exit Strategy development comprises four private houses and a shared building located on the Llano River in Texas. Four families purchased the land and wanted to each build small houses with a communal space for group activities. They commissioned architect Matt Garcia to design the complex within a $40,000 budget allocated for each of the private residences.
The completed structures, each with an area of 35 square meters (350 square feet) has a streamlined design, low environmental impact and responds to the harsh Texan climate. Galvanized steel was used for exterior cladding to reflect excessive sunlight, while spray foam insulation helps maintain optimal indoor temperatures during hot summers and cold winters. The sloped roof is perfect for harvesting rainwater, which is stored in large cisterns adjacent to each house. Polished concrete floors and plywood walls dominate the interior, with repurposed elements used for various fixtures and fittings in order to cut down construction costs.

2. Kasita micro-homes
This is a great example of academia being a good place to experiment with building tiny houses. Harvard researcher Jeff Wilson conceived Kasita micro-homes as a continuation of his previous dumpster experiment. His new micro-housing startup builds automated, movable, prefab 33-square-meter (352-square-foot) houses that can be installed in unused spaces or vacant parking lots. Each unit costs $139,000, which according to Wilson’s calculations, comes out to an estimated $800 monthly mortgage not including land lease costs.
Because of their modular design, the units can be assembled and combined to form multi-family houses, student housing and office spaces. The key demographic are mobile creative people who are increasingly less interested in building real estate and paying mortgages, but prefer mobility. The house can move with their occupants as they change cities and pursue their careers. They can use an app to schedule the move executed by the Kasita team. Each unit is a simple glass-and-steel box that can be inserted into a steel exoskeleton that can be built in under a week.
“Kasita is on the verge of disrupting the urban housing market in ways not seen in real estate and development in 150 years,” Wilson said in an interview for Forbes.

3. Getaway
Harvard Innovation Lab startup, Getaway House, builds and rents tiny homes for urban dwellers looking for an opportunity to enjoy nature and relax. It offers an affordable alternative to conventional vacationing, and allows people to find great places to stay in rural areas near major cities. This is a great example of finding a market niche and innovating within it through design.
At $99 a night, a Getaway stay costs about the same as a hotel, but in a fully furnished mini-residence that comes with fresh linens, shower products, and kitchenware, plus coffee, tea, and a variety of pay-as-you-eat snacks. At the moment, the cabins are only available around New York and Boston, but the team plans to expand to other locales.
The company has recently secured a whopping $15 million in funding from L Catterton, a private equity group behind many famous brands.

Image © Timothy Hursley

4、小木屋

Brian和 Joni Buzarde决定建立自己的移动小屋。小木屋面积约为236平方英尺（约22平方米），造价为50000美元。这对夫妇是建筑学院的毕业生，因此他们决定自己设计建造自己的住宅。

他们买了一个26英尺（约7.9米）长的底座，约7000美元，将建筑内部空间抬高。小屋的高度刚好符合相关规定。

小木屋内部简约现代，墙壁、地板、天花板以及橱柜运用的都是胶合板。同时为了降低建造成本，这对夫妇直接暴露了各种管道。这座小屋的建造周期约为1年，于2012年正式完工。

5、乡村工作室

建筑学院的学生们简直有太多的创新小想法。他们尝试了多种小尺寸的不同类型建筑。这也是奥本大学推出乡村工作室的原因，这是一个本科项目，主要设计建造一系列造价仅需20000美元的小建筑。这也是一个学术项目，为当地居民提供能够负担得起的小型住宅。

“我们的目标是设计以市场利率为基础的建筑，总体造价约为20000美元，其中材料费用为12000美元，工人建造费用和利润为8000美元，该项目服务于每个人。我们将造价定位20000美元，因为这个价位对于人们来说相对易于接受，美国居民一个月收入758美元的社会保险金额，因此支付起来相对容易。如果考虑到其他的支出，每个月108美元的按揭还款也比较轻松。这个数据我们考虑的是单身家庭，因此美国黑尔县43%的贫困家庭都是单身家庭，这意味着我们的住宅的潜在客户至少有800人。”

4. Woody
Brian and Joni Buzarde decided to build their own mobile tiny home that could follow them wherever they go. Their 236-square-foot trailer, nicknamed Woody, cost about $50,000 to build. The couple, both architecture school graduates, decided to design and build the house themselves.
They bought a 26-foot-long flatbed chassis for about $7,000, added structural insulated panels and cedar interior cladding. The height of the house falls just below the legal limit for highway travel that requires a special permit.
The interior is simple and modern, with birch-veneer plywood used for walls, floor, ceiling and kitchen cabinets. In order to cut construction costs, the couple chose to leave all the plumbing and electrical conduit exposed. It took them about a year to complete the structure, which officially became their home in 2012.

5. Rural Studio
A lot of great ideas for tiny houses come out of architecture schools. The small size makes them perfect for experimenting with different typologies, testing the market, and learning about the construction process. That’s why Auburn University launched Rural Studio, an undergraduate program that produced a line of tiny homes that can be built for just $20,000! These structures are built through the 20K House project, an academic design-and-build program that offers affordable housing for locals and is evolving into a commercial enterprise.
“Our goal was to design a market-rate model house that could be built by a contractor for $20,000 ($12,000 for materials and $8,000 for labor and profit)—the 20K House, a house for everybody and everyone. We chose $20,000 because it would be the most expensive mortgage a person receiving today’s median Social Security check of $758 a month can realistically repay. A $108 monthly mortgage payment is doable if you consider other monthly expenditures. Our calculations are based on a single house owner, because 43 percent of below-poverty households in Hale County are made up of people living alone. That translates to a potential market of 800 people in our county.”


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。