以色列赫茨尔山阵亡士兵纪念馆
The Memorial Hall of Israel’s Fallen at Mount Herzl / Kimmel Eshkolot Architects
由专筑网缕夕，李韧编译
来自建筑事务所的描述。Kimmel Eshkolot Architects的“以色列赫茨尔山阵亡士兵纪念馆”位于以色列国家公墓Herzl山，这是以色列重要的一大遗址。纪念馆包含有私人与公共空间，建筑师通过波浪形漏斗状的空间排布，将室内大厅向天空开敞，让自然采光进入室内，以此来纪念以色列的牺牲士兵们。
Text description provided by the architects. Kimmel Eshkolot Architects “Memorial Hall of Israel's Fallen” sits at Mount Herzl, Israel's National Cemetery, and one of the most important sites in the country. The Memorial is a personal and collective structure that commemorates Israel's fallen soldiers with an undulating funnel-shaped formation of bricks that opens the hall to the sky, flooding the void with natural light.
2006年，受以色列国防部的家庭、纪念和遗产部门的委托，这座震撼的纪念碑最终落成，在其雕塑形态的砖石主体结构周围，环绕着长达250米的“名字纪念墙壁”，这个螺旋的墙壁由23000多块混凝土砖组成，每块砖上分别刻有一个牺牲士兵的名字和他的死亡日期，每位牺牲者的纪念日都由白炽灯照亮。在建筑内形成管状结构，形成纪念中心的光柱。
Commissioned by the Department of Families, Commemoration and Heritage at Israel's Ministry of Defense in 2006, the emotionally impactful memorial winds around a 250-meter long continuous "Wall of Names" that wraps around the central sculptural brick structure. This spiraling wall is comprised of more than 23,000 concrete bricks each individually engraved with the name of a fallen soldier and their date of decease, which becomes illuminated by incandescent lights on each respective anniversary. Inside the tubular structure sits the memorial's central light funnel.
平面图/Floor Plan
为了给大厅营造一个宁静的空间，建筑师首先着手于室内设计。为了让大厅内部充满光线，Kimmel Eshkolot对山脉进行了挖掘，其次才是重建地形。以色列阵亡纪念馆的设计具有一定的内向性，并呼应邻近墓地的肌理。光线通过结构的空隙进入建筑内部，像漏斗般巧妙地过滤，形成一种柔和的氛围。通过这个结构，纪念墙的光线隐约闪烁。
With the intention of creating a serene space for the hall, the design of the memorial is firstly a project of an interior. Excavating the mountain to allow for abundance of daylight in the hall was a primary focus of Kimmel Eshkolot, with the reconstruction of the terrain being secondary. The Memorial Hall of Israel's Fallen is intended to be unimposing from the exterior, and to echo the texture of the adjacent cemetery. In the interior, the light that enters through the oculus is subtly filtered through the funnel. Through this "stone lace," light flickers in the parameter of the hall along the structure's Wall of Names.
剖面图/Sections
苏黎世联邦理工学院建造了几个1：1的模型来测试漏斗的构造。最初的策略是为了将砖块彼此粘合在一起，使各元素之间的重叠最小化。这种方法得到证明在结构上是可行的，但由于无法满足当地建筑规定而没有使用。通过这些测试，以及与Ackerstein Industries和Merkava合作，Kimmel Eshkolot开发了独特的混凝土砖，并在预切割接缝处设置了钢芯，然后进一步计算活载荷和静载荷，同时结合铝制砖块来减轻重量。
Several 1:1 mockups were constructed at ETH Zurich to test the construction of the funnel. The initial strategy was based on glueing the bricks to one another, aiming at a minimal overlap between the elements. This method was proven to be structurally viable, but was neglected because it could not meet the local building regulations. With these tests, and together with Ackerstein Industries and Merkava, Kimmel Eshkolot developed unique concrete bricks with steel cores that were screwed together at the pre-cut joints. Further calculations of the live loads and the dead loads led to making the bricks from aluminum to reduce weight.
该项目位于历史悠久的赫茨尔山山顶上，这里是以色列国家公墓的所在地，Kimmel Eshkolot建筑事务所的建筑师尊重建筑场地以及周边安静的环境。在外部，建筑遵循山势地形，使用带有光芒的耶路撒冷石，这是圣城统一的“装饰”。游客可以直接通过纪念馆走向赫茨尔山公墓，或者沿着砖墙走向大厅入口处的楼梯，这些砖墙在建筑内部成为牺牲者的纪念墙。
Set atop the historic Mount Herzl, the resting place of the namesake founder of Zionism and the site of Israel's national cemetery, Kimmel Eshkolot Architects' structure pays respect to the isolation and quiet nature of the site on which it encompasses. Within its exterior, the structure follows the topography of the mountain with curves of light Jerusalem stone, the uniform "dressing" of the Holy City. Visitors can walk directly through the memorial hall towards Mount Herzl Cemetery, or walk down a series of stairs to the entrance of the hall, along a brick wall which in the interior becomes the Wall of Names.
场地平面图/Site Plan
平面图/Floor Plan
平面图/Floor Plan
平面图/Floor Plan
屋顶平面图/Roof Plan
建筑事务所：Kimmel Eshkolot Architects
项目位置：以色列，耶路撒冷
建筑面积：5000平方米
项目年份：2018年
摄影：Amit Geron
合作建筑事务所：Kalush Chechick Architects
结构工程：Haim & Yehiel Steinberg Structural Engineering
施工管理：Eliezer Rahat, Daniel Rahat, E.D. Rahat Engineering Coordination and Management Ltd.
设计阶段管理和协调：Eran Garber, E.S.L. Engineers
承包商公司：Green Construction Ltd.
项目经理：Nadav Rubin
工程设计：Eran Rosenberg
照明设计：Amir Brenner Lighting Design
业主：Ministry of Defense – families and Commemoration Department
Architects: Kimmel Eshkolot Architects
Location: Jerusalem, Israel
Area: 5000.0 m2
Project Year: 2018
Photographs: Amit Geron
Collaborating Architects: Kalush Chechick Architects
Structural Engineering: Haim & Yehiel Steinberg Structural Engineering
Construction Manager: Eliezer Rahat, Daniel Rahat, E.D. Rahat Engineering Coordination and Management Ltd.
Design phase Manager and Coordinator: Eran Garber, E.S.L. Engineers
Contractor Firm: Green Construction Ltd.
Project Manager: Nadav Rubin
Engineer: Eran Rosenberg
Lighting Design: Amir Brenner Lighting Design
Client: Ministry of Defense – families and Commemoration Department
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
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