Shaul Park

由专筑网若山，小R编译

花园之秘 | 以历史园林视角改造拉马特甘Shaul公园

花园的改造是基于场地条件下对其历史最大程度的复原。在拉马特甘1937年的政府报告中，景观建筑师Moshe Kvashni对场地的描述如下：“初进花园，迎面而来的是一片郁郁葱葱的绿草地毯，形状像一座漂亮的小山。花园的角落里保留着几组原生的洋李丛，枝叶被修剪成山顶的形状。除了花园区域，还有另一片草地，边缘棱角分明，设有三个花坛，其中的玫瑰花坛因为花团锦簇而闻名。其余的花坛里种着时令花。场地的最东边，一个隐藏在各类植被中的池塘边长满了香蒲。清澈的小溪从一块裂开的岩石上喷涌而出，形成一条源源不断的溪流，潺潺流入蜿蜒的岩石通道。溪流在岩石之间起伏，倾泻在采石场。池塘的两岸由一座石桥相连。花园里还有一个用当地的石头建造的区域，种满了仙人掌，与四周完美融合在一起。”

BO景观建筑事务所表示，虽然未能有幸亲眼见到花园全貌，但翻修公园的工作过程与景观建筑师Moshe Kvashni留下的遗产和他1937年的记录息息相关。Kvashni那段话是游客进入公园的体验视角。从他对草地、植物、树木和水景的描述，就能想象出花园的宁静悠然。


“一群游动的金鱼”

Shaul公园是建筑师Richard Kauffmann在1922年拉马特甘城市规划中布局的山顶花园之一。 Kauffmann希望这些矗立平坦土地上的山丘成为城市的绿肺。该公园于20世纪30年代末由工程师Rafael Megiddo和景观建筑师Moshe Kvashni设计，选址于当时名为Jebel al-Haramiya的山丘上。花园占地25000㎡，于1937年落成，为纪念世界犹太复国主义组织（WZO）的主席，被命名为总统公园。1943年，诗人Shaul Tchernachovsky去世，它的名字被改为Shaul公园——Gan Shaul。

Secret of the Garden | On renovating Ramat Gan’s Shaul Park in the spirit of the historical garden
“The garden was installed with a predetermined plan in mind, tailored to the area and the general natural landscape. On entering the garden, there is a lush carpet of green grass shaped like a pretty hill. Groups of natal plum shrubs are planted in its corners, pruned into the dome-like shape of the grassy hill. Beyond it, another grassy area, straight and angular, containing three flower beds, one of them with beautiful rose bushes, prominent in their abundance of flowers. The rest of the flower beds contain seasonal flowers. In the eastern border of the land there are cattail plants adorning a decorative pond hidden in rich multihued vegetation. A clear brook erupts from a split rock and trickles in a lively stream and pleasant gurgle into winding rock channels. The stream is swallowed and resurfaces between the rocks, and eventually falls into the quarried pond. The two shores of the pond are connected by a decorative stone bridge. The garden contains a cactus area that is built with local stones for complete harmony with the place.”Description by landscape architect Moshe Kvashni, from the Ramat Gan Municipality’s 1937 Council Report.
While not having been privileged to have met Landscape Arch. Moshe Kvashni personally, we were exposed to his creative work and his 1937’s descriptions during our work renovating the Park. Kvashni’s descriptions refer to the experience visitors have the moment they see the park. He describes the grass, the plants, trees and water, making it almost possible to feel the serene effect of the garden.

“A school of wandering goldfish”
The Shaul Park is one of the summit gardens designated by architect Richard Kauffmann in his master plan for the city of Ramat Gan in 1922. Kauffmann wanted the aeolian hills above the flat lands to be the green lungs of the city. The park was designed in the late 1930s, on a hill then called Jebel al-Haramiya, by city engineer Rafael Megiddo and landscape architect Moshe Kvashni. The garden, which sprawled across 25 dunams (25000 square meters), was inaugurated in 1937 and named Presidents’ Park in honor of the presidents of the World Zionist Organization (WZO). Its name was changed after the death of poet Shaul Tchernachovsky in 1943 to the Shaul Park – Gan Shaul.



Moshe Kvashni在规划拉马特甘花园时，始终将花园视为一件由形状、色调和声音组成的艺术作品。平面布局始终由几个核心构成，每个花园根据地形、位置和地貌的不同，以不同的强度来重复这些布局。主导城市花园设计的原则就是可持续设计，即“在努力用水的同时，尽可能少地减少花园管理和维护”。

受英国景观花园的启发，以色列20世纪40年代的水景设计向自由形态发展的趋势逐渐扩大，用于在城市的花园中创造地标的湖泊、溪流、瀑布、池塘或喷泉等等都受到影响。

1937年的政府报告中，描述历史花园的布局、池塘形态和设计理念的辞藻非常华丽，从全文中摘选如下：

“在仙人掌区域附近的斜坡上种着各类花卉，同样是一片长着白花的草地。这个角落有几条小路通向一片阴凉的松林。花园的西边是灌木区，由多样化灌木组成而成，四季交替开花，颜色、气味各异。旁边，石头小池隐藏在树影中，喷泉向上喷射，水光闪闪发亮。池塘碧波荡漾，盛开着各种水生植物、蕨类植物、纸莎草和睡莲。金鱼游荡池中，自由潜浮、繁衍。每当清晨和黄昏，成群结队的快乐鸟儿带着喜悦，来到清凉的水池旁。”


我们应如何还原这种体验？

在最初考虑设计方案时，最重要的问题是如何干预花园。这个公园自成立以来经历了许多变迁。原来的游乐地消失了。池塘几次翻修后湮灭，取而代之的是一个新的游乐地。花园边界上的市政水库建成后，公园规模也缩小了。这些年来，花园内的植被发生了许多变化。花园脚下还建立了一个宠物动物园，后来被命名为“猴子公园”，为拉马特甘和周边地区的孩子们留下了许多美好的回忆。这个动物园现在也不见了，除了一个鸽笼的基座外，什么都没有留下。此外，当时设置的人行道和斜坡不符合今天的无障碍规定。

在历史文件和调研成果的帮助下，景观建筑事务所绘制了历史花园中剩余的部分：树木、小路、石墙、原生植物群、多肉植物、人行道和楼梯。景观建筑事务所翻阅了历史照片，发现了一些没有经受住时间考验的有趣细节——木栏杆、装饰着攀缘植物的木凉亭、小石桥以及被岩石和水生植物包围的池塘。

The worldview guiding Moshe Kvashni in planning the gardens of Ramat Gan was viewing the garden in its entirety as a work of art comprised of shapes, shades, and sounds. The plan was based on a few central principles that repeat themselves with differing intensity in every garden, according to the terrain, location and topography of the land. A leading principle in designing the city’s gardens was sustainable design via “minimal days of work for managing the garden and maintaining it, while using water diligently.”(Ibid.).
The planning trend that developed in Israel in the 1940’s, inspired by the English landscape garden, allowed a freedom of design of a variety of bodies of water shaped like lakes, streams, waterfalls, ponds or fountains. These were used to create landmarks in the city’s gardens.
The 1937 Municipality report comprises a magnificent description of the structure of the historical garden, its pond, and the spirit of the garden, which stemmed from the ensemble of its components:
“Beyond the cactus area, various flowers are planted on the slope, where again there is a carpet of grass with beds of white flowers. From this corner there are several paths that lead into a shady pine grove. On the western border of the garden is an area of decorative shrubs – a diverse collection of various bushes that flower and bloom alternately throughout the seasons and are exceptional in their various colors and scents. Near this corner, hidden in the shadow of trees is a modest pond made of stone, and a fountain spraying sparkling water jets upward. Its green waters bloom with various aquatic plants, ferns, papyri and water lilies. In the pool there is a school of wandering goldfish, swimming around and making love. At dawn and dusk, flocks of joyful birds take dips it the cool, refreshing water with bright gladness.”

How can we preserve an experience?
The main question raised while considering the various design alternatives we presented in the beginning was, how were we going to intervene in the garden, what to preserve and what to release. The park underwent many changes since its beginnings. The original playgrounds disappeared. The pond changed its face several times until it finally disappeared, to be replaced with a new playground area. The size shrunk, and on its borders a municipal reservoir was constructed. The vegetation underwent many changes over the years. A petting zoo was eventually established at the foot of the garden, which later resulted in the popular name of the “Monkey Park,” generating many delightful memories for the children of Ramat Gan and the surrounding area. This zoo is also gone now, and apart from the base of a dovecote, nothing of it remains. Moreover, the various pavements and inclines that existed then do not comply with today’s accessibility regulations.
With the help of the documentation file and walk-throughs of the area, we mapped all the components remaining from the historical garden: trees, paths, stone walls, clusters of old plants, succulents, pavements, and stairs. We examined historical photographs, in which we found several interesting details that did not survive the test of time – wooden railings, wooden gazebos adorned with climbing plants, little stone bridges and the decorative pond surrounded by rocks and aquatic plants.



景观建筑事务所认为，核心原则是将花园还原为一个漫步和发现秘密角落的场所，这就是最重要的保护价值。还原沿着小路行走的体验，探索的感觉、第一眼看到池塘时流露出的惊喜，潺潺的水流，以及花园带来的宁静感——所有这些感觉和体验，以及故意保留的几个遗存，都是公园更新设计的核心。

The various descriptions of the garden as a place of wandering and discovery of secret nooks served as a core principle in our work with a major, important preservation value. The same feeling of walking along the paths, the feelings of discovery, the surprise revealing itself when first looking at the pond, the gurgling streaming cascade of water, and the serene feeling the garden instills – all of these sensations and experiences, alongside several physical components we chose to preserve, were at the heart of our renewal design for the park.







河床重建

公园改造共三个阶段，对公众开放的是第一阶段，位于山丘的西南角。从水塔脚下延伸的区域包括历史上的原入口、草坪、池塘、石桥，以及多肉植物和树木保护区。

即将实施的第二阶段包括规划各种游乐设施：一个供年龄较大的儿童使用的区域、一个供学步儿童使用的地区、户外健身机、秋千区和水库屋顶上的滑梯斜坡，由于无法在上面种树，这个区域仍然裸露着。

第三阶段涵盖花园的东坡和北坡，一个作为城市中心天然绿肺的保留区域。

第一阶段完成后，人们就可以在历史装饰池塘曾经矗立的地方看到正在规划建设的河床和鱼塘。景观建筑事务所重建了一座溪流上方的圆形小桥，让人想起历史照片中居民们经常喜欢在石桥上拍照。柔软的草坪从四面八方环绕着花园。一些多肉植物保存在原来的位置，而那些没有被移植的多肉植物则被移植到承包商指定的区域，在施工期间保存，很快就会移植到整个花园里。

Back to the streambed
The first of the three stages for the park renovation is open to the public. it includes the upper southwest corner of the hill. The area extending from the foot of the water tower includes the historical entrance, lawns, pond, stone bridge, and the preservation of the succulents and all of the trees.
The second stage, which will soon be implemented, includes the planning of various playground facilities: An area for older children, an area for toddlers, outdoor exercise machines, a swing area, and a slope for slides atop the roof of the reservoir, an area that remains bare since trees cannot be planted over it.
The third stage will include the eastern and northern slopes of the garden – an extensive zone reserved for a natural green lung in the heart of the city.
Now, while the first stage is completed, you can already see the streambed and the fishpond we planned in the spot where the historical decorative pond once stood. We reconstructed a small, rounded bridge that stretches above the stream, which evokes the stone bridge from the historical photographs, on which residents often enjoyed having their pictures taken. Soft hilly lawns surround the garden from all directions. Several of the succulents were preserved in their original location, and those that did not were transplanted and preserved for the construction period in an area designated by the contractor. These will soon be planted throughout the garden.



石墙和人行道按照历史上记录的细节建造。栏杆和凉亭的木板参考了历史照片，但又加入了钢材，以符合安全规定。景观建筑事务所强调了这些位置景观视野的延伸，并在一棵角豆树的树荫下专门设计了一个俯瞰桉树群的景观视角。为了强调自然体验，建筑师在斜坡上建造了楼梯和平台，尽可能避免再增加栏杆，以向花园和城市敞开视野。

公园里还种植了更多的树木——一部分延续了Kvashni的植物配置，另一部分则是新加入的植被。除了原生的松树，景观建筑事务所计划种植石松、角豆树和无花果等果树和其他遮荫树。池塘边种了一棵垂柳，水里栽培了水生植物来净化水质。此外，还种植了各种与历史描述中相似的开花植物和各种草本植物。

The stone walls and pavements were built according to the original details. In the details of the railings and gazebos, we wished to evoke the wooden planks we saw in the historical photographs while integrating them with steel details, in compliance with safety regulations. We emphasized the locations with extended views of the landscape and created a scenic viewpoint in the shade of a carob tree that overlooks a group of eucalyptus trees. To emphasize a natural experience, we built stairs and platforms on inclines to avoid adding railings as much as possible and to open up the view to the garden and city.
Additional trees were planted in the park – some continuing Kvashni’s original planting line, and others are new. We planned the planting of stone pines, in addition to the original pines, and fruit trees such as carob and fig, among other shade trees. Along the pond we planted a weeping willow, and in it, aquatic plants for purifying the water. We also planted a variety of flowering plants similar to those in the historical descriptions, as well as various herbs.





“…设计花园的本质是让它变得有用和诱人；无论是漫步花园，还是坐在花园里，人们都应该感到舒适和宁静。花园设计的成功取决于游客对此地是否印象深刻，是否感到喜悦、喜庆、兴奋或平静。也就是说，他们不仅必须看到美丽的图像，而且必须感受到某些情绪，比如大自然不断变化的图像；日出、日落、暴风雨等等。”（来自：Moshe Kvashni，“我是如何设计出50座花园的？拉马特甘编年史，1959年1月，第1358节，第11页）

景观建筑事务所表示希望本着纪念历史园林的精神为Shaul公园翻新，被保留下来的历史遗产将继续为游客提供最初Moshe Kvashni所设计的体验和感受。景点已对游客开放，希望日后它能成为拉马特甘一个集中、热门和繁华的公园。

“… the essence of planning a garden is making it useful and inviting; it should radiate a sense of comfort and serenity in those who pass through or sit in it. The success of garden planning is determined according to the impression on its visitor; if they are impressed by the sight of the garden and feel joy, festivity, excitement or calmness. That is – they must not only see pretty images, but also must feel certain emotions like the changing images of nature; sunrise, sunset, storm, and more.” (From: Kvashni, Moshe, “How did I design 50 gardens? Ramat Gan Chronicle 97, Jan 1959, sec. 1358, p.11)
We hope the new layer we added to the Shaul Park, in the spirit of the historical garden, and the preservation of some of its early components, will continue to provide visitors with the experiences and sensations described by Moshe Kvashni in his initial design. The site is open to visitors, with the aspiration and hope of it returning to be a central, busy and bustling park in Ramat Gan.



































项目信息

景观建筑事务所：BO Landscape Architects（Beeri Ben Shalom 和Orna Ben Zioni）
客户：拉马特甘市政府
类型：文化遗产/公园/游乐场/水景
项目地点：以色列，拉马特甘
完工年份：2023年
项目总面积：8000㎡
图片来源：Yoav Peled
项目工程：Nessi Levi, EBN Construction Management
工程承包商：Eran Livni Ltd.

Project Data
Lanscape Architecture: BO Landscape Architects Beeri Ben Shalom and Orna Ben Zioni
Client: Ramat Gan municipality
Type: Cultural Heritage / Parks / Playgrounds / Water features
Project location: Ramat Gan, Israel
Completion Year: 2023
Gross Built: Phase 8000 square meters
Supervising architect: Landscape Arch. Idit Israel. Planning team: Landscape Arch. Shahaf Zakai, Arch. Danny Guinness
Photo credits: Yoav Peled
Video credits: Yoav Peled
Construction: Nessi Levi, EBN Construction Management
Construction contractor: Eran Livni Ltd.
Special thanks to Landscape Arch. Sagit Koren, Preservation Arch. Michel Weston Laor, and Preservation Eng. Yardena Etgar for their mentoring and professional support throughout the entire process.