探索景观、建筑与文化交汇的5种网络资源
5 Online Resources That Explore The Intersection Between Landscape, Architecture and Culture

由专筑网李韧，韩平编译

有时，景观设计在建筑方案设计过程中多少会被忽视，这是由于目前在建筑工作和教育中存在的先入为主的观念，即优先考虑建筑对场地的影响，或在建筑完成后再考虑景观设计。在表面价值上，景观被视为一种不断变化的概念，事实上，它代表了生态系统的分层复杂性，景观的许多部分都受人为的影响，这些影响比我们所想象的更为显著。

同时，人们对景观的定义也在不断改变，其中包含了更多的影响因素。我们有文脉、建筑和生态景观，它们之间的相互关系是由于我们所看到的建筑与环境之间的交叉影响而产生。因此，景观的发展重要的是要以更全面的眼光看待景观场所，了解其生态基础，以及它在自然条件下所受到的人类世界的影响。这里列出了五个网络资源，让我们能够更好地了解景观设计与建筑及文脉的关系。

At times, Landscape design lacks proper consideration or its overlooked within architecture, as a result of current but preconceived notions within architectural practice and education that privilege building over site, or the constructed over the existing. While at face value, landscape is treated as an abject and constant entity of sorts, the reality is that it possesses a layered complexity of patterns and ecosystems, much of which is increasingly impacted by our own actions, more significantly than what meets the eye.
At the same time, the definition of landscape is constantly evolving to encompass a greater number of influences and factors. We have cultural, built and ecological landscapes, which influence one another and come about as a result of the intersection between the architecture and the environment that we are presented with. As a result, it is important to view terrain in a more holistic light, acknowledging its ecological underpinnings and well as the anthropological effects it is subject to, both physically and theoretically. Here is a list of five online resources, which investigate the interdisciplinary nature of landscape design and its relation to architecture and culture.

Landformation Catalogue

该网站聚焦于大大改变地球状况的人为活动，Landformation Catalogue是由哈佛大学研究生院成员（GSD）设计而成的在线平台。这里深入研究各种有关景观形成的人为干预行为，特别是通过形态学、装配、技术应用和历史视角来表达（所有这些都是来自于网站的定义）。网站主要通过类型化的地图和图表来传达信息，这反过来又提供了代表技术策略的手段。在该网站内容的最前部分是人们对景观的字面影响，以及人们针对这些影响所采取的方法。

Focussing on the rapid anthropogenic activity that has drastically altered the condition of the Earth, Landformation Catalogue is an online platform for an exhibition previously organised by members of the Harvard University Graduate School of Design (GSD). This resource delves into various forms of human intervention in relation to land forming, specifically through lenses of morphology, assembly, technology, application and history (all of which are defined on the website). Information is conveyed via the predominant use of typological maps and diagrams, which in turn offer examples on representation techniques. At the forefront of the catalogue's content is the literal impact we have on our landscapes, and the methods we undertake that result in this.  

Places Journal

该网站1983年成立于麻省理工学院，是免费的学术资源，对当代景观建筑和城市化的未来发展提供了许多可靠的学术建议。该杂志与世界各地的许多学术机构联系在一起，提供一个平台让各自领域的专家们提供珍贵的意见，从而让人们更加了解我们目前所面临的自然环境问题，以及未来的解决方法。该网站通过创建公众阅读清单来激发用户参与，其中列出了环境、政治和文化主题，如气候变化、技术创新、房地产经济学、种族地理和媒体问题。内容包括新闻与学术，是教育和影响当代景观研究的宝贵资源。

Founded at MIT in 1983, Places Journal is a free academic resource that provides trusted scholarly opinion on the future of contemporary landscape architecture and urbanism. The journal is associated with numerous academic institutions across the world, and is a resource for leading voices in their respective fields to provide insight into problems and conditions currently faced by our built and natural environment, and how to pave a way forward. The website celebrates user engagement through the creation of public reading lists, which compile environmental, political and cultural topics, such as climate change, technological innovation, real estate economics, racial geographies and media. The content ranges from journalism to scholarly work, and is a valuable resource to educate and influence research on contemporary landscape.

Socks Studio

Socks的自我描述是“一个通过人们想象力所到达的非线性的旅程”，Socks Studio是可视化管理学科的先例，其包含的范围设计未建成建筑、乐谱的科学原理以及几何概念。Socks Studio由建筑师Mariabruna Fabrizi和Fosco Lucarelli合作建立，其总部设在巴黎。领土观念是整个网站的主题，其中再细分为各种类别。景观不仅仅是作为我们周围的自然自然，它也包含有文化影响因素，这些存在于建筑环境中的因素与模式形成了介于建筑、社会以及景观之间的自然环境。

Self-described as “a nonlinear journey through distant territories of human imagination”, Socks is a visual curation of interdisciplinary precedents, ranging from unbuilt architecture and musical scores to scientific principles and geometry. Founded by the Paris based pair of Italian architects, Mariabruna Fabrizi and Fosco Lucarelli, the notion of territory appears as a central theme throughout the website, tying the various categories together. Landscape is not solely treated as the nature that surrounds us; it extends to encompass cultural influences, patterns in the built environment and the underlying permanence that transcends and shapes the variety of environments created at the intersection between architecture, society and landscape.

Atlas of Places

摄影和研究是Atlas of Places网站的两大主要信息来源，主要依靠航空摄影和地图来捕捉项目的地质本质。通过航空照片和地图，人们可以看到颜色的渐变，以及河流通过地形变化而产生的不同形态，还有作为基础设施与陆地相互作用而产生的人造土地。该网站由Thomas Paturet和Muriz Djurdevic创建，其运营目的并非盈利，主要用于表达我们赖以生存的土地和水源，这些内容是我们无法通过自身的探索和建筑的设计而真正理解。

Photography and research are the two main outlets through which Atlas of Places explores existing relationships between large scale architecture and its site, relying primarily on aerial photography and maps to capture the essence of projects and geologies, all of which are featured as submissions. Through the aerial photographs and maps, one can see the gradation of colour as it bleeds through the earth, the way rivers weave through changes in topography, and the man-made geology created as infrastructure interacts with land. Created by Thomas Paturet and and Muriz Djurdevic, the non-profit journal highlights the actual immense scale of the land and water networks in which we fit in, something that we are unable to truly understand at the human scale and through architecture on its own.

Scenario Journal

Scenario是基于“都市景观”的在线出版物，这也是该杂志的原始名称（其发展历史可在网站上了解）。该杂志通过“灵活而非单一的方式”为人们提供了从20世纪至今的景观规划清单和概念项目，这些内容能够反映变化的景观状况。环境绩效、城市基础设施和移民是该杂志关注的几个重要领域，迄今为止有六个不同的话题。

Scenario is an online publication based on the idea of “landscape urbanism”, which was also the journal’s original name (whose archives are available on the website). Derived from the 20th century idea of scenario planning, the journal provides a list of built and conceptual projects that respond to the changing conditions of landscape “with nimble and contingent operations rather than singular and totalizing designs”, offering techniques and methods to incorporate within one’s own practice. Environmental performance, urban infrastructure and migration are a few areas of importance that articles focus on, with six different issues to date contributed by individual submissions.


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。