由TAAR设计的墨西哥研究机构El Humedal可以自给自足
Mexican research facility El Humedal designed by TAAR to be completely self-sustaining

由专筑网缕夕，李韧编译

位于墨西哥Valle de Bravo的一座环境研究中心，由Taller de Arquitectura de Alto Rendimiento设计，生产建筑现场所需的所有资源。

根据零废物和净零能源消耗的原则，墨西哥城的Taller de Arquitectura de Alto Rendimiento建筑事务所（TAAR）利用天然、再生材料的混合物建造El Humedal/The Wetlands研究中心。

An environmental research centre in Valle de Bravo, Mexico, designed by Taller de Arquitectura de Alto Rendimiento, produces all of the resources it needs onsite.
Mexico City-based Taller de Arquitectura de Alto Rendimiento (TAAR) built El Humedal, or The Wetlands, from a mixture of natural and recycled materials according to the principles of zero waste and net zero energy consumption.

为了实现环保设计，TAAR研究了当地Mazahua人的建筑，他们长期生活在Valle de Bravo，深受前西班牙文化的影响。

“在El Humedal的设计中，我们运用了Mazahua建筑的两种关键元素，倾斜屋顶的木结构用于雨水收集，另外结合粘土砖和石墙来产生热量。”TAAR联合创始人Carlos Ruiz Galindo告诉Dezeen记者。

To realise their eco-friendly design, TAAR looked to the architecture of the Mazahuas people, a pre-hispanic culture living in Valle de Bravo.
"El Humedal uses two key Mazahua architectural elements for its design: wood structures in pitched roofs for rain water harvesting, and soil brick and stone walls to create thermal mass," TAAR co-founder Carlos Ruiz Galindo told Dezeen.

该研究中心周围环绕着森林、有机果园以及人造湿地，并设有多个游泳池。

建筑位于湿地上方，通过支柱和钢梁支撑，当地的松木和橡木用于建筑物的屋顶和框架，而建筑墙体则运用了当地火山土壤制成的砖石。

另外，火山岩也用于地板，实验室地面和工作台面运用的是水磨石。

室内外平台则采用100％回收材料制成的塑料。

The research complex is surrounded by an edible forest,  organic orchard, and a man-made wetlands environment with several pools.
Raised on stilts and steel beams over the wetland pools, local pine and oak wood were used for the building's roofs and frames, while bricks made from local volcanic soil, were used for the walls.
Volcanic rock was also used for the flooring, along with terrazzo for the laboratory floors and work surfaces.
Decking for indoor and outdoor areas was made using a plastic created from 100 per cent recycled material.

Galindo说：“在这个项目中，我们让每个元素都拥有灵魂，从项目所需的资源入手，继而再生产其他的‘垃圾’物。”

“我们普遍对‘垃圾’这一概念的理解有一些偏差，人们通常认为它是自己不想要的东西，而在这个项目里，我们更重要的是把它看作是一种宝贵的资源。所有这些都意味着一种新的生活方式，了解我们与自然的进化潜力。”

"In this project we tried to make everything conscious, from the resources that the project needs to generate in order to operate, to the concept of generating something out of something else's waste," Galindo said.
"[The] common waste conception is flawed because it's perceived as something that we don't want, the challenge was to think of it as a valuable resource. All of this implies a new way of living, understanding our evolutionary potential with nature."

建筑中还设有雨水收集系统，太阳能电池板产生了研究设施所需的全部能量。

污水通过生物动力进行处理，粪便和森林里的残落物混合形成肥料。

Rainwater is harvested for use in the building and solar panels generate all the energy the research facility needs to function.
Sewage is passed through biologically powered treatment plants that creates compost from a mixture of human faeces and prunings from the forest.

研究中心自身的布局吸取了当地传统建筑多重要素，包括墨西哥广场和殖民时期的庭院。

Galindo解释说：“门廊是房间之间的统一元素，让人们与外部自然环境相融合。”

The layout of the research units themselves draw on more contemporary elements of local architecture, including Mexican plazas, and colonial-era patio houses.
"Porches are used as a unifying element between rooms that forces people to generate a bond with the exterior space, its natural surroundings," explained Galindo.

除了科学家进行研究的实验室之外，El Humedal研究中心的主要功能还包括用于储存标本的种子酒窖、多功能工作室、办公室和浴室。

场地南侧的建筑物内设有维修仓库和温室，停车场和污水处理厂位于地下。

研究设施及其特殊需求通常需要建筑师在技术上和美学上进行思考。美国Gluck +建筑事务所在美国北卡罗来纳州的一个岛屿上设计了一个研究实验室，可以承受强风和风暴潮。

纽约的Ennead Architects事务所为南美洲南端的南极研究中心设计了三座由风化钢建造而成的展馆，展示了与周围山脉相呼应的轮廓。

摄影：Rafael Gamo

Along with a laboratory for scientists to carry out their research, the main building of El Humedal contains a seed cellar for storing specimens, a wine cellar, a multipurpose workshop, and offices and bathrooms.
A supplementary building on the south side of the compound houses a maintenance warehouse and the greenhouse, with parking and the water treatment plants located underground.
Research facilities and their particular needs often require architects to think outside of the box, technically and aethetically. US firm Gluck+ is designed a research laboratory on an island in North Carolina, America, that could withstand hurricane force winds and storm surges.
For a subantarctic research centre on the southernmost tip of South America, New York-based Ennead Architects designed three pavilions from weathering steel with dramatic profiles that echo the surrounding mountains.
Photography is by Rafael Gamo.

出处：本文译自www.dezeen.com/，转载请注明出处。