沙迦建筑三年展寻求推翻“东方的陈词滥调”
Sharjah Architecture Triennial will seek to overturn "orientalist cliches"

由专筑网王帅，邢子编译

根据馆长Adrian Lahoud所说，明年在阿拉伯联合酋长国推出的三年一次的建筑展，将挑战西方对亚洲、非洲和中东建筑的“偏颇”看法。

沙迦建筑三年展（The Sharjah Architecture Triennial）将在2019年11月在阿联酋城市首次亮相，旨在改变人们对该地区及其建筑的陈旧观念。

Lahoud告诉 Dezeen的记者说：“我们将尝试重新思考超越西欧建筑的框架。”

“你会明白所有的这些东方的陈词滥调在各式各样的知识生产中都有运用，他们在各类媒体中重复出现。”

A new architecture triennial launching in the United Arab Emirates next year will challenge "pernicious" western views of Asian, African and Middle Eastern architecture, according to curator Adrian Lahoud.
The Sharjah Architecture Triennial, debuting in the Emirati city in November 2019, aims to tackle stereotypes about the region and its architecture.
"There's going to be an attempt to rethink architecture beyond a Western European framework," Lahoud told Dezeen.
"You get all these orientalist cliches and you find them in all kinds of various forms of knowledge production, and they're continually repeated within the media."


策展人Adrian Lahoud说，第一届沙迦建筑三年展将“超越西欧框架”／The first Sharjah Architecture Triennial will "look beyond a Western European framework" says curator Adrian Lahoud. Photo is by Rabee Younes

Lahoud是伦敦皇家艺术学院——建筑学院的院长，他在五月底的威尼斯建筑双年展的发布会上透露了沙迦建筑三年展的一些细节。

他在发布会前接受Dezeen的独家采访时，批评了西方现在的一些倾向，即强调来自非西方文化的本土设计，传统材料，甚至部落服饰。

他说：“这些陈词滥调是有害的、恶毒的、令人反感，我几十年来所看到的大型国际建筑展览都没有一次能幸免于这些陈词滥调。这些分析缺乏本土的现代化和对未来的思考。”


三年展将会“超越实体”

与迪拜相邻的港口城市沙迦会举办为其期三个月的三年展，Lahoud说：“展览超越了对实体和实体形式的关注，它会把建筑的外表当作建筑的终点来思考。”

他说：“这一点极其重要，因为我们对建筑的看法被西欧传统的思维方式所支配。这是世界上仍在进行各种不同的反殖民主义斗争的一部分。”

Lahoud, who is dean of the school of architecture at the Royal College of Art in London, revealed details of the triennial at a launch event at the Venice Architecture Biennale at the end of May.
In an exclusive interview with Dezeen ahead of the launch, he criticised the western tendency to highlight vernacular design, traditional materials and even tribal dress from non-western cultures.
"Those kinds of cliches are pernicious, virulent, and objectionable tropes, that really no major international exhibition of architecture that I've seen in decades has been exempt from," he said. "There's a lack of indigenous modernities or futures in those accounts."

Triennial will "look beyond the object"
Instead, the three-month-long triennial in port city Sharjah, which neighbours Dubai, will look "beyond a focus on the object, the focus on the form of the object, or thinking about the building envelope as where architecture ends," said Lahoud.
"It's important because our perspective of architecture is so dominated by the legacy of Western European forms of thinking," he said. "This is a part of the world that is still involved in various different struggles against colonialism."


港口城市沙迦毗邻迪拜，建筑三年展将重点关注北非、东非、中东和南亚的建筑／Taking place in port city Sharjah, which neighbours Dubai, the triennial will focus on architecture in North and East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia

首届活动的主题是“后代的权利”，展览重点关注北非、东非、中东和南亚的建筑。

它将审视人们对于个人权力诸如保健、教育和住房等事物的关注的过程中，如何忽视了对集体权利的关注，例如对自然资源及良好的生态环境的关注。


从后代的角度看建筑

Lahoud希望三年展有助于推动“从下一代的角度，超越个人权利问题来思考集体权利”的讨论。

他说：“但这是一种挑战，因为后代并不存在，那么谁来代表他们说话呢？”他强调这是建筑应该解决的关键问题。

“为什么它正成为一个基本的问题，以及为什么把它作为思考建筑和城市的一种视角是如此重要？毫无疑问，我们正在对地球进行大规模的改变。这将对后代的生活质量产生真正的根本性的长期影响。”

Lahoud认为这包括颠覆西方对建筑和都市主义的看法。

“例如，住房假定我们和环境之间是有区别的，环境是一个威胁，我们必须受到保护，这是建筑的核心概念，但并非所有人都以同样的方式看待它们与环境的关系。”

Looking at architecture in North and East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, the inaugural event is titled Rights of Future Generations.
It will examine how the recent focus on individual rights to things such as health, education and housing have diminished concern about collective entitlements such as rights to natural resources and a benign environment.

Looking at architecture from the perspective of future generations
Lahoud hopes the triennial will help move the discussion ''beyond questions of individual rights to think about collective rights, from the perspective of a future generation".
"But it's challenging, as future generations don't exist, so who speaks on behalf of them?" he said, stressing that this is the key question that architecture should be addressing.
"The reason it's becoming such a fundamental question and why it's so important to use as a kind of lens to think about architecture and think about cities is because there's no doubt in anyone's minds that we are making massive transformations to the planet at the moment," he said. "These are transformations that will have really fundamental long-term consequences on quality of life."
This involves overturning western views on architecture and urbanism, Lahoud believes.
"Shelter, for example, assumes that there is a distinction between ourselves and the environment; that the environment is a threat and we have to be protected from it," he said. "That's a core concept within architecture, but not all societies see their relationship to the environment in the same way."



西方建筑是“居高临下”的

Lahoud抨击了其他国际建筑展览会展示来自非洲、亚洲和中东的建筑的方式。

他说：“例如，这种对传统的痴迷，对逆境中创造力的谦逊欣赏，如建筑特定的材料竹子、泥砖等。总是忽视先进的技术。”

他说：“建筑师如果穿着传统服装，就可以参加国际展览。当然，这个标准从来不适用于北美或西欧的建筑师。”

“我们应该问的问题是，为什么西方策展人的目光，他们放眼世界的那些地方，都会证实建筑决定世界这一先入为主的概念。”

Western architecture is "condescending"
Lahoud attacked the way other international architecture exhibitions presented architecture from Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
"For example, this obsession with tradition in the vernacular," he said. "This condescending appreciation of creativity under conditions of adversity. Or even the semiotics of architectural materials, bamboo and mud bricks, and so-called other traditional materials. There's always a complete absence of technological sophistication or technological experimentation."
He added: "Architects from that part of the world get admitted to international exhibitions if they're in traditional dress, and of course that standard never applies to architects from a North American or Western European context."
"The question we should be asking is why does the Western curatorial gaze, whenever it looks out to those parts of the world, basically seek works that only confirms preconceptions of what architecture from that part of the world should look like."


据Lahoud说，这次活动的目的是推翻西方对建筑和都市主义的看法／The aim of the event is to overturn western views on architecture and urbanism, according to Lahoud

Lahoud是一名建筑研究员兼教育家，2015年，他的前任Alex de Rijike辞职并专注于他的dRMM建筑实践后，Lahoud被任命为RCA建筑学院院长。

Lahoud专门从事南半球后殖民国家建设项目和气候研究。他最近的项目有名为“气候犯罪”的装置，现在正在英国 V&A博物馆的The Future Starts Here展览上展出。

他承诺把参与三年一度展览的年轻人的作品放在展览的中心位置。尽管他承认三个月的展期不足以解决他们面临的问题。

“最让我兴奋的是有机会给我一个对话的空间，同时为新一代的建筑师、学者、艺术家、规划师、城市设计师创造一个平台。他们在世界上的不同地区工作，这些地区有时无法获得一些基本的资料，如国家档案，因为殖民主义，记录他们自己地区历史的档案都被带回欧洲或者被销毁。”

沙迦的摄影： Ieva Saudargaite

Lahoud, an architect, researcher and educator, was appointed dean of the RCA's school of architecture in 2015 when his predecessor Alex de Rijike resigned to focus on his architecture practice dRMM.
Specialising in post-colonial nation-building projects and climate research in the context of the global south, Lahoud's recent projects include an installation called Climate Crimes, which is currently on show at the V&A as part of the exhibition The Future Starts Here.
He promised to put voices of young people in the regions covered by the triennial at the centre of the show, although he conceded that three months would not be time enough to address the scale of issues they face.
"The thing that excites me the most is the opportunity to make a space for dialogue, to create a platform for an emerging generation of architects, of scholars, of artists, planners, urban designers, who are working in parts of the world that sometimes don't have access to really basic things like national archives, to a documentation of their own histories because of colonialism, because archives were taken back to Europe or destroyed."
Photography of Sharjah is by Ieva Saudargaitė.