Oliver Wainwright选出的朝鲜亮点建筑
Oliver Wainwright's highlights from Inside North Korea

由专筑网王帅，李韧编译

《卫报（Guardian）》建筑设计评论家Oliver Wainwright对Dezeen的记者讲解了他最近出版的《在朝鲜（Inside North Korea）》一书中的七大亮点。

Wainwright的书于2018年6月22日由Taschen出版，描述了这个神秘国度的各个视角。

这本书中的200张照片可供购买，它们记录了朝鲜及其首都平壤奇特而多彩的建筑。

1953年朝鲜战争结束后这座城市经历了重建，它代表了朝鲜第一任领导人金日成的宏伟愿景，其中有许多引人入胜的建筑。

下面Wainwright将着重介绍其中最有趣的七张照片。

Guardian architecture and design critic Oliver Wainwright explains seven highlights from his recently published book Inside North Korea to Dezeen.
Wainwright's book, published by Taschen and released on 22 June 2018, offers a glimpse inside the notoriously secretive nation.
The 200 photos in the book, which are available to purchase, document the strange and colourful architecture of the country and its capital Pyongyang.
Completely rebuilt after the end of the Korean War in 1953, the city is the grand vision of the country's first leader, Kim Il Sung, and contains many intriguing buildings.
Below Wainwright explains seven of the most interesting he photographed to Dezeen.

“海棠花”健康娱乐中心，平壤，1980年

1980年在平壤建造的大型休闲中心“海棠花”健康娱乐中心(Changgwang Health And Recreation Complex)里，游泳者通过一架机械式电梯可以来到玻璃屏幕后面的跳水板上。

休闲中心占地面积近四万平方米，可容纳一万六千人，里面设有桑拿浴室、游泳池及发廊，在发廊里顾客可以任意选择发型。从入口处的装饰水磨石地板到彩色玻璃面板和马赛克地板，建筑师对细节给予了极大的关注。

Changgwang Health and Recreation Complex, Pyongyang, 1980
A mechanical elevator shuttles swimmers up to the diving boards behind a smoked glass screen in the Changgwang Health and Recreation Complex, a massive leisure centre built in Pyongyang in 1980.
Covering an area of almost 40,000 square metres, with capacity for 16,000 people, it contains a sauna, bathhouse, swimming pools and hair salons – where customers can choose from a range of officially sanctioned haircuts. Attention was lavished on details, from a decorative terrazzo floor in the entrance, to coloured cast glass panels and mosaic floors.

人民大学习堂，平壤，1982年

朝鲜领导人金日成（Kim Il Sung）的雕像位于该建筑之中，用作平壤中央图书馆的人民大学习堂(Grand People‘s Study House)于1982年建成。

这座建筑是城市的中心，面向金日成广场，它的设计与传统的韩国风格相呼应，绿色瓦片屋顶和八角形石柱，让人联想到古代的庙宇。

其中设置有600个房间，可容纳3000万本书，每天最多可接待12000名游客。这座雕像身后是白头山的马赛克图案，据说金正日就出生于这座神圣的火山上。

Grand People's Study House, Pyongyang, 1982
A statue of the country's founding president, Kim Il Sung, welcomes visitors into the Grand People's Study House, built in 1982 as the central library of Pyongyang.
Planned as the imposing centrepiece of the city, fronting on to the grand Kim Il Sung Square, the building was designed to echo traditional Korean forms, with green-tiled "giwa" rooftops and octagonal stone columns, recalling the pillars of ancient temples.
Its 600 rooms have capacity for 30 million books and up to 12,000 visitors a day. The statue sits before a mosaic of Mount Paektu, the sacred volcano where Kim Jong Il is said to have been born.

高丽饭店，平壤，1985年

高丽酒店的早餐室有着Wes Anderson电影的超现实感，塑料花瓶、泡菜和煮鸡蛋后面的背景面板为橙色和蓝色。

高丽饭店建于1985年，对于外国游客来说是豪华的酒店，酒店大楼共45层，通过一座桥连接着，其顶部是旋转餐厅。酒店共有500间客房，还设有书店、电影室、宴会厅和会议室，地下室还设有赌场和舞池。

Koryo Hotel, Pyongyang, 1985
The breakfast room of the Koryo Hotel has the surreal quality of a Wes Anderson film set, with a complementary colour palette of orange and blue providing a backdrop for vases of plastic flowers and plates of kimchi and boiled eggs.
Built in 1985, the Koryo Hotel is the premium hotel for foreign visitors, standing as a pair of 45-storey towers connected by a bridge and crowned with a revolving restaurant. With a total of 500 rooms, the hotel also has a bookshop, movie room, banquet and conference rooms, as well as a casino and "wading pool" in the basement.

凯旋门，平壤，1982年

凯旋门建于1982年，为庆祝金日成70岁生日。凯旋门表面上覆盖着25550块石板，代表着这位领导人的一生。

平壤凯旋门仿照了巴黎凯旋门，除了比同名建筑高出10米，还有一个三层的超大屋顶。它表达着，金日成于1945年来到这座城市，受到人民的极大欢迎，这标志了日本占领时期的结束和朝鲜社会主义时期的开始。

Arch of Triumph, Pyongyang, 1982
Built in 1982 to celebrate the 70th birthday of Kim Il Sung, the Arch of Triumph is apparently clad with 25,550 slabs of stone, marking the number of days of the leader's life at that point.
Modelled on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris – except 10 metres taller than its namesake, with the addition of a triple-decker stack of oversized rooftops – it was built on the site where Kim Il Sung entered the city in 1945 to be greeted by cheering Koreans, marking the end of the Japanese occupation and the beginning of socialism.

东平壤大剧场，平壤，1989年

东平壤大剧场是首都三大剧院之一，它建于1989年，由两座建筑连接而成。一座是半圆形，一座是长方形。剧场内设有3500个座位的礼堂和几十个排练室。

2007年进行了一次装修，大厅里安装了石膏模型、高度抛光的石砖和一堵巨大的浮雕壁画，礼堂则装饰着扇形的桃色墙壁，紫色的软垫座椅和明亮的蓝色乙烯地板，其配色方案符合美学理念。

East Pyongyang Grand Theatre, Pyongyang, 1989
One of three major theatres in the capital, the East Pyongyang Grand Theatre was built in 1989 as an interlocking composition of two buildings, one semicircular, one rectangular, containing a 3,500-seat auditorium along with dozens of rehearsal rooms.
A renovation in 2007 saw the lobby fitted with plaster mouldings, highly polished stone tiles and a huge relief mural on the wall, while the theatre was decorated with scalloped peach-coloured walls, purple-upholstered seats and a bright-blue vinyl floor, in-keeping with the predominant aesthetic of complementary colour schemes.

五一体育场，平壤，1989年

该体育场为1989年世界青年和学生节（共产主义奥林匹克运动会）而建，五一体育场的设计就像一朵玉兰花的花瓣，也像刚刚落在地上的降落伞。据说它是世界上最大的体育场，可容纳114，000人。

多年来，这里举办了多场运动会，经过两年的翻新后，该建筑于2015年重新开放。这里新增了全新的足球场和跑道，以及训练和新闻发布会的辅助室。体育场内还安装有国际足联和奥林匹克标志。

Rungrado May Day Stadium, Pyongyang, 1989
Built for the 1989 World Festival of Youth and Students (a kind of communist Olympic Games), the May Day Stadium was designed to resemble the unfurling petals of a magnolia flower, or a parachute that has just settled on the ground. It is said to be the largest stadium in the world, with capacity for 114,000 people.
It was used for the Mass Games gymnastic performances for years, and reopened in 2015 after a two-year renovation, which saw a new football pitch and running track installed, along with ancillary rooms for training and press conferences – together with the optimistic addition of the FIFA and Olympic logos.

平壤地铁，平壤，1965年

平壤地铁号称是世界上最深的地铁系统，它位于地下110米处，与莫斯科地铁拥有相同的宏伟规模和豪华装饰，站台上装饰着大理石柱和水晶吊灯。

地铁的深度意味着它们还可以作为防空洞，厚重的钢制防爆门正好表达了这项功能，它由两条线，分别是千里马线（Cheollima Line）和革新线（Hyeoksin Line），每条地铁线有八个站台，分别以同志、胜利和统一来命名。

地铁内的镀金金日成雕像迎接着上班族，还有细致的社会主义现实主义马赛克壁画和爱国场面浮雕。

Pyongyang Metro, Pyongyang, begun 1965
Claimed to be the deepest subway system in the world, at 110 metres below ground, the Pyongyang metro shares the same palatial scale and lavish decoration as the Moscow metro, with platforms adorned with marble columns and crystal chandeliers.
The stations' great depth also means they can double up as bomb-shelters, a secondary function revealed by the thick steel blast-doors. There are two lines – the Chollima and Hyoksin – with eight stations each, with names like Comrade, Triumph, Victory and Reunification.
Gilded statues of Kim Il Sung greet commuters, along with exquisitely detailed socialist-realist mosaic murals and sculpted reliefs depicting patriotic scenes.