阿富汗巴米扬省立医院
Bamyan Provincial Hospital / Arcop (Pvt) Ltd.

由专筑网李韧，蒋晖编译

来自建筑事务所的描述：阿富汗巴米扬省立医院的设计与构思充分尊重且了解了巴米扬当地社区的建筑与生活形态。建筑师的灵感来源于建筑环境处理的传统策略，以及在乡村建筑背景中的当地建筑形式。医院的总体规划环绕一系列的庭院而展开。所有的户外空间都有层次地按序列排布，明确地区分了公共区域、重症区域，以及私人区域。

Text description provided by the architects. The Architecture for this Provincial Hospital respects and understands the nature of living and building in rural communities of Bamyan. It draws inspiration from the traditional methodologies of the built environment, and the simplicity of forms seen in the local vernacular in the context of home and village settings. The Hospital Master Plan is developed around a series of courts. All outdoor spaces are arranged in a layered sequence, moving from areas of greater public usage to the absolute private areas required for critical care and well-being of patients.

整体来说，建筑师采取的是“生物”策略，通过自然采光和通风，以及引入高山、花园等户外景观，形成有利于伤病康复且极具幸福感的建筑。

Overall, our attempt is to take a “biophilic” approach to design, where through natural light and ventilation, views of mountains and gardens and access to outdoor courts, an Architecture is created which fosters healing and well-being.

建筑南北向排布，最大限度地获得了冬日的日照，因此，在走廊和病房里都拥有充足的自然采光，同时也保证了建筑与南面高山之间的视觉联系。另外，建筑师也综合了各项建筑的设计策略，从而满足高风险地区的抗震需求，并结合了当地传统的设计方式。但由于巴米扬地区缺乏娴熟的技术工人，因此建筑师尽量让各个细部设施的施工方式简约易操作。例如，建筑师将夯土用作外墙，并且运用了RCC框架结构。为了建造这种夯土墙体，当地工人还使用了持久性更强的生土施工策略。

A North – South orientation is developed to maximize solar gain in winter and optimize day lighting. Through this strategy light is brought into all the corridors and wards. This orientation also ensures a strong visual tie with the mountain range running south of the project. Through the design, we have attempted to introduce hybrid construction solutions which meet the rigorous demands of seismic design for a high risk area, while  inculcating practices which are embedded in the local building traditions. The design is also sensitive to the fact that Bamyan lacks technically skilled craftsmen or labour, and so in this rural setting our detailing is kept simple. In this regard stabilized rammed earth is used as external walls along with RCC frame construction. With this adaptation to the prevalent use of “as dug earth” walls, local labour was employed and trained to use a more durable form of earth construction.

巴米扬的气候和地形为该建筑形成了强烈的景观对比，裸露的高山一片贫瘠，而山谷却郁郁葱葱，其中还有着农田、果园、小溪。景观设计的灵感也来源于这些强烈的对比，建筑师以传统的中亚以及伊斯兰的景观设计手法为出发点，使建筑环绕中心庭院而布局，而庭院的灵感则来源于传统“Char-Bagh”院落，通过景观的边缘来向内美化中央轴线。这些花园与庭院对于病人的治疗过程来说必不可少，当地植物和动物也在其中茁壮的成长，诸如杨树、柏树等树木形成了绿色的室外空间，而一些果树则为人们提供阴凉的休息场所，并在丰收的季节散发出阵阵香气。这样的方式能够促进项目的可持续性，并且建筑师还运用了当地的植物与砂石作为景观要素，从而减少了水元素的使用，避免浪费。

Bamyan’s climate and topography lends itself to a landscape of strong contrasts. The mountains are stark and arid, while its valleys are green, with farm land, orchards and streams. The landscape design takes inspiration from the juxtapositioning of these two extremes to develop a design which is based on the tradition of Central Asian/Islamic landscapes, centre around courts. The Central Hospital courtyard derives its inspiration from the traditional “ Char-Bagh”courts. Strongly defined and axes have been accentuated through landscaping edges. We see these gardens and courtyards as essential to the process of healing.   Indigenous flora and fauna has been used for soft landscaping and trees such as poplars and cypress to define outdoor spaces. Fruit trees such as apples and apricots provide shading,  emphasize seasons and enhance fragrance.   This attitude helps the sustainable design which is further accentuated by the use of indigenous vegetation and gravel as a ground cover to limit the use of water.

在这片宁静的山谷中，医院必不可少，这就为巴米扬当地人群带来了舒适、安全的就医环境。

In this serene valley it was essential that the hospital belonged contextually and provide a sanctuary for the people of Bamyan and a place of comfort.

建筑设计：Arcop (Pvt) Ltd.
地点：阿富汗，巴米扬
主创建筑师：Yawar Jilan, Mahboob Khan
面积：12312.0 m2
项目时间：2017年
摄影：Irfan Naqi
制造商：Jotun, Knauf
结构顾问：Mushtaq & Bilal
M & P 顾问：Y.H.Associates
电力顾问：Eleken
夯土顾问：CRAterre
客户：Aga Khan Foundation

Architects: Arcop (Pvt) Ltd.
Location: Bamyan, Afghanistan
Lead Architects: Yawar Jilan, Mahboob Khan
Area: 12312.0 m2
Project Year: 2017
Photographs: Irfan Naqi
Manufacturers: Jotun, Knauf
Structural Consultants: Mushtaq & Bilal
M & P Consultants: Y.H.Associates
Electrical Consultants: Eleken
Rammed Earth Consultants: CRAterre
Client: Aga Khan Foundation