改变情绪：为什么灯光是设计的重要部分
Mood Changers: Why Lighting is The Most Important Design Feature

由专筑网李韧，蒋晖编译

如果处在灯光柔和舒适的房间中，你会感觉轻松自如，但如果处在刺眼的灯光下，你可能就会感到浑身不适。

那么，这是为什么呢?

2014年，《Consumer Psychology》的研究发现，灯光越是强烈，人们的情绪就越容易受到影响，这种影响既有积极的影响又有消极的影响。

这项研究包含了6个实验，测试了实验者的情绪和环境亮度之间的关系。当实验者处于明亮且带有一定色调的灯光下时，他们会感到温暖，但是如果灯光中蓝色调较为明显时，他们则会感觉焦虑。

灯光越是明亮，实验者的情绪就越是强烈。因此，灯光的强度和色彩都会影响到人们的情绪。


那这对设计会有什么影响呢？

当进行空间设计时，灯光首先需要解决的是空间的照明问题，然后才是其具体的使用方式。

举个例子，如果你正在进行办公室设计，Eaton的SOURCE照明教育中心的管理人员Rebecca Hadley说：“办公空间的照明应该能够促进办公人员的生产力。”因为这里的灯光需要帮助员工调节一天的工作情绪，因此可以的话，应当手动调整光线强度。

而在家庭照明设计中，不同的房间则有着不同的光线，诸如厨房则需要更加明亮、且色彩准确度高的灯光，而客厅的光线则应当温馨、柔和一些。

“橙色的灯光让人感觉温馨与放松，这一点大概来源于人类的祖先，因为他们当时常常会为了保证安全和取暖在夜晚生火。”——Alcon Lighting联合创始者David Hakimi

住宅的入口应该呈现出欢迎的感觉，同时也是室外的日光到室内的完美过渡，在晚上，家庭的灯光也是外部黑暗空间到内部温馨环境的转折，但这种转变不应超出人们的感官承受的范围，同时还需要帮助使用者放松身心。在睡觉前，照明强度应该降低，让使用者能够放松下来，同时也需要保证一定的亮度。

Walk into a room bathed in cozy, inviting light and you’ll feel instantly at ease. Walk into the same room buzzing with harsh fluorescents, and your teeth may start to grind.
Why?
In 2014, a Journal of Consumer Psychology study found that the more intense the lighting, the more affected and intense the participants’ emotions were — both positive and negative.
The study included six experiments that examined the link between emotion and ambient brightness. Feelings of warmth increased when participants were exposed to bright light with hints of reddish hues. A sensation of angst increased when bluer light dominated.
And the brighter the light, the more intense the participants’ emotions became. Both the intensity and the color of the light affected people’s moods.

How Does This Affect Your Next Remodel?
When designing a space, lighting needs to be addressed as soon as the space itself, and how it will be used, are defined.
For example, if it’s an office space you are designing, “office lighting should encourage alertness and productivity,” said Rebecca Hadley, manager of Eaton’s SOURCE lighting education center. It also helps to “incorporate controls that allow for changes throughout the day. Ideally, you’d have the ability to adjust the intensity of your lighting with a dimmer switch.”
When lighting for a home, the purpose of each room comes into play. The kitchen, a work space, demands brighter, high CRI (color accurate) light while the living room calls for more mellow, warmer lighting.
Our association of orange-ish light with feelings of warmth and relaxation is probably evolutionary and originates from our earliest ancestors who, for both warmth and safety from predators, made sure to light a fire at night.
-David Hakimi, Alcon Lighting Co-Founder
The entrance of your home should welcome guests, creating a smooth transition from the bright daylight to your home’s interior lighting. At night, the lighting should ease the visitor from the dark outdoors into a warm interior light that will not overload their senses and help them relax. Before bed, lighting should be lowered to promote “winding down” but remain bright enough so that you can navigate your home safely.



模仿室外照明

大量的研究表明，将自然光融入到日常的生活中会有诸多好处。《建筑照明杂志》中说道，自然光能够提供有益于人体的物质，既能够有效调节人体生物钟，还对健康大大有益。

除了身体的状况，自然光还能影响人们的情绪，同时提高工作的效率。HMG通过一项标题为“日光对于销售结果的影响”的研究表明，天窗是增加销售额的第三重要因素，另外，HMG还研究了学校的采光状况，发现自然采光和考试成绩也有着密切联系。

Mimicking Outdoor Lighting
Vast research documents the many benefits of incorporating natural light into our living spaces. According to Architectural Lighting Magazine, natural light — or daylighting — provides the stimulation needed to regulate human circadian rhythms, or the internal body clock. Learn more about the health benefits of natural light here.
In addition to circadian rhythms, natural light also affects our moods and can increase productivity and comfort in a workplace setting. A study by HMG titled “Daylighting Impacts on Retail Sales Performance,” found that the presence of skylights was the third-most important criterion of statistically significant factors in increasing sales volume. HMG also studied daylighting in schools and found a strong connection between schools that reported improvements in test scores — more than 10 percent — and those that reported increased natural lighting in the classroom.



自然采光对于家庭照明系统而言有着同样的影响，这不仅仅意味着能够节约能源，同时还能让使用者更多的接触自然，调整心情，帮助入眠。在自然光线较强的地方生活能够改善使用者的生物钟与情绪。如果在夜晚过多地阅读电子产品则会产生相反的作用。

Eaton的Hadley说，工业研究表明，白天室内的灯光应当尽量模仿室外的自然光线，并且随着时间的改变而改变，例如，清晨较为清爽，而中午灯光颜色偏亮，夜晚则偏向暖色光。

当然了，家庭照明设计的最重要因素还是与个人的喜好有关。但是Alcon Lighting公司的David Hakimi认为，如果希望每个人都能够享受这样平静愉悦的环境，那么最直接的方式便是模仿室外光线：

“夜晚灯光的色温可以高一些，即在2700至3000开尔文的范围内，这也是对夜间外部环境光线的模仿，降低照明的强度可以降低血压，并让人们放松下来，因此，昏暗的灯光一般应用在卧室中，最好不要有电子设备的蓝光。”


灵活性是王道

智能照明设计的一大自然优势是其灵活的性能。灯光控制的全新进程使得照明设备的使用非常方便。

全新的LED装置有着集成控制和改变色温的功能，因此它们在酒店设计的应用中较为普遍，并且有着良好的客户体验。Hadley说：“温暖的灯光和低照明的光线能够帮助降低使用者的心率，从而让人们放松下来，因此，顾客们会更愿意享受开胃菜与鸡尾酒，而非急急忙忙地品尝主食。”相反的是，一些餐厅老板为了加大顾客的流量，反而会在餐厅内放置明亮的灯。


色彩非常重要，但是调整灯光却更加方便一些

对于照明和氛围而言，色彩同样重要。

Alcon的Hakimi认为，调整灯光设备比油漆墙体方便许多，因为使用者可以通过灯光的色调来改变整个房间的色彩。

Natural lighting can have a similar impact when incorporated in a home’s lighting plan. Beyond energy savings, exposure to natural light improves mood and can help make falling asleep easier. Spending your day in areas that are enhanced by natural light can improve the function of your circadian rhythm, which can increase your happiness and energy levels. Exposing yourself to too much blue light from electronics in the evening is directly associated with the opposite effect, which you can read more about here.
Eaton’s Hadley said industry research suggests indoor light (during the day) should mimic the color of light we experience outside by seeking similar gradations over time: “…cool light in the morning, to white light at midday, to warm light in the evening.”
Of course, the most important factor in lighting your home is what you yourself prefer. But Alcon Lighting’s David Hakimi recommends one key step everyone can take to create a calm, pleasing environment that mimics outdoor lighting:
At night, use lights that feature warmer color temperatures – those that fall in the 2,700 to 3,000 Kelvin range. That’s the way to emulate the outside environment’s evening light and get ready for sleep. Lowering lighting actually helps reduce blood pressure and encourages people to relax. So dimmer lights in the bedroom — and no blue computer light!

Flexibility is Key
Flexibility is one natural benefit of smart lighting design. New advancements in lighting controls have made lighting for mood easier than ever.
Newer LEDs with integrated controls and the ability to dim to warmer color temperatures are becoming popular in the hospitality industry because of their ability to affect the customer experience. “Warmer light and lower light levels have been shown to slow heart rate and create a relaxing state,” Hadley explained. “As a result, customers might be inspired to enjoy appetizers and cocktails rather than rushing through to the main course.” Conversely, some restaurants might put brighter light in an area where they want to turn tables quickly.

Color Plays a Role, Too — but it’s Easier to Adjust Lights.
Color is the most important aspect in lighting and mood.
However, Alcon’s Hakimi notes that It’s much easier to adjust lighting than to paint walls. In fact, you can change the color of your room just by brightening or dimming it.



最重要的设计元素

灯光在很大程度上决定了空间的氛围，因此这也是设计中最为重要的元素。

灯光不仅能够改善使用者的情绪，还对空间的形态和尺度有着一定影响，例如在小型书房里有着浅色的墙体，那么一些光线就能通过墙壁来反射，这样会使空间看起来大一些。而嵌入式的照明设备可以让空间更加柔和一些，同样也会让其看起来大一点。

LED照明有着不同的亮度和色彩，因此设计师偏爱这种照明方式，LED技术的进步导致一些全新装置的应用，例如LED天窗等等。这些设备能够模拟窗户的视角，“天窗”发出的光线与自然光线相仿，同样能够开放与通风，同时为空间带来积极的气息。

伴随着照明设备不断的创新，设计师和使用者可以选择适合空间的灯光装置。

The Most Important Design Element
With the ability to largely affect the mood of a room, lighting is the most important element to consider when designing a space.
In addition to altering the mood of the occupants in a room, lighting can transform the room in shape and size. In a den that is particularly small, painting the walls a light color and having extra lighting reflecting off the walls will help the room appear larger. Recessed lighting can add a soft glow to a room without protruding into the space, which can also help the room appear larger.
With its versatility in brightness levels and light colors, designers continue to turn to LED lighting. Advances in LED technology have led to several new fixtures, including LED skylights that imitate the look of a window and the sky. These “skylights” shed light that is the same temperature as natural light — offering an open, airy feeling and helping the room’s occupants to feel a more positive vibe.
With continued research and innovation in lighting, homeowners and designers have many options when it comes to selecting the right lighting to set the right mood for their space.