制作生土抹灰的5个简单步骤
How to Make Earth Plaster in 5 Easy-to-Follow Steps

由专筑网李韧，杨帆编译

生土抹灰在传统建筑中的运用较为普遍，这是一种土坯混合物。尽管它的制造方式较为容易，但应用却没有那么广为人知。来自Ecoeficientes的Rafael Loschiavo详细地列出了操作步骤，在不需要重新修整的前提下让破旧的墙体焕发出新的生命。

Loschiavo专注于可持续建筑的发展策略，并且将这一原则广泛地应用在作品之中。在CicloVivo的一次采访中，他说我们必须揭开可持续建筑的神秘面纱。“许多设计策略都不会增加成本，被动式建筑便是如此，它通过自然来进行通风与照明，形成有效的、令人愉快的空间环境。”

在一个翻修的项目中，这位建筑师决定重新刷一面墙体，原有砖墙上涂着厚厚的抹灰与油漆，这些涂层都被抹去，并且增加了全新的电气装置。在此之后，建筑师应用了生土抹灰，这种抹灰由生土、沙子、自然纤维组成，再通过人工混合，最后涂抹在墙体上。

The use of earth plaster is very common in natural buildings; it is the same mixture used in adobe. Though easily made, its use is not widely known. Rafael Loschiavo, from Ecoeficientes, teaches the step-by-step method for bringing a new life to a run-down wall without the need for major renovations.
Loschiavo specializes in sustainable architectural solutions and puts its principles to use in his works. In an interview for CicloVivo, he says that we must demystify the idea of expensive sustainable architecture. "Lots of design choices don't add cost, and such is the case with passive architecture, which makes use of nature itself to provide ventilation, shadowing, and lighting. For example, creating agreeable and efficient environments."
In one of his renovations, the architect decided to renew a brick wall that had been coated in layers and layers of plaster and paint. The wall was scraped off to remove the old layers and a new electrical installation was made. After this, it received the earth plaster made of dirt, sand and natural fibers, which was mixed by bare feet and manually applied to the wall.



如何制作土坯抹灰

制作土坯，你需要筛子、水桶以及帆布。

How to Make Adobe Plaster
To make adobe you need a sieve, a bucket, and a canvas



生土组成

• 1桶泥土（选择你喜欢的颜色）
• 1桶动物粪便(来自牲畜或马)
• 2-3桶沙（数量取决于沙粒程度）
• 水
  

Adobe Composition

• 1 bucket of dirt (choose your preferred dirt color)
• 1 bucket of dung (from livestock or horses)
• 2 - 3 buckets of sand (depending on the level of sand in the dirt)
• Water
  

操作步骤

• 首先将沙子和泥土混合均匀
• 将动物粪便铺平，然后与干燥的沙子和泥土混合在一起
• 将这堆混合物堆成山状，在中间挖洞，一点点把水倒进去，要注意避免将水洒到帆布上
• 搅拌，逐渐混合均匀后可以顺时针或逆时针搅动，以确保均匀性
• 将混合物均匀地涂抹在墙上
• 大功告成
  

The Step-by-Step Guide

• Mix the sand and the dirt until you get a uniform mixture
• Ground the dung well and mix it dry with the dirt and sand
• Build a mound with a hole in the middle, like a volcano, and pour the water into it, little by little, so as to avoid spilling it into the canvas
• Mix it using your feet. You will be able to feel the mixture start blending and when it does, do spiral movements inside out to ensure uniformity
• Apply the plaster to the wall by hand
  

简朴的墙体刷好了，外观上有着天然的纤维质感，同时结合有砖石细部。小贴士：这些原料混合在一起之后，动物的粪便是不会有气味的。

图片： Rafael Loschiavo | Ecoeficientes

The result is a rustic wall, naturally colored with natural fibers, with a brick line detail. It is important to stress that the dung does not smell once the mixture is applied.



新闻来源：CicloVivo

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