镜头下的尼迈耶设计作品
Celebrating Oscar Niemeyer and His Masterworks Through a Photographic Lens

由专筑网李韧，邢子编译

为了纪念今年巴西知名建筑大师奥斯卡·尼迈耶的诞辰（1907年12月15日），斯洛文尼亚摄影师Danica Kus发布了一系列关于尼迈耶建筑作品的黑白照片。尼迈耶于2012年去世，享年104岁，是20世纪最伟大的现代主义建筑师。

Kus的摄影作品强调了尼迈耶设计作品的曲线特征，同时也强调了其作品直线元素之间的几何形态。尼迈耶在去世前曾接受过ArchDaily的访问，他描述了他对于建筑的个人看法：“在我看来，建筑是一项发明。在这个角度下，我做项目的方式总是一个在探索美学、表现、区别、惊喜的过程。”这组摄影作品恰到好处地表达了尼迈耶作品的精妙之处，这些作品横跨了其职业生涯的全过程。

To honor renowned Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer’s birthday (December 15, 1907), Slovenian photographer Danica Kus published a series of black and white photographs highlighting Niemeyer’s surviving architecture. The architect, who passed in 2012 at the age of 104, is considered one of the greatest modernist architects of the 20th century.
Kus’ photographs accentuate the hyperbolic curves characteristic of Niemeyer’s design, while also highlighting the geometric harmony of rectilinear elements. In an exclusive interview with ArchDaily before his death, Mr. Niemeyer described his personal definition of architecture: “In my opinion, architecture is invention. And under this prism is how I do my projects, always searching for beautiful, expressive, different and surprising solutions.” This photo series encompasses the subtleties of Niemeyer’s premier works and spans his career.



巴西伊塔马拉蒂宫

伊塔马拉蒂宫是巴西政府外交部的办公大楼。建筑位于三权广场，四壁由玻璃构成。这座建筑的地点独一无二，从某个角度来看，建筑看起来就如同从水中冉冉上升的漂浮在水面上的立方体。

Itamaraty Palace, Brazil
Itamaraty Palace houses Brazil’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs Headquarters. Located on Three Powers Plaza, the glass facade is encased behind the structural monumental arches. The building is also unique in its position; from specific angles, it looks as though the rectangular structure rises from the water below, floating on its surface.



巴西Pampulha艺术博物馆

这座建筑是尼迈耶的第一件作品，其中设置有俱乐部和赌场。设计方案强调了建筑和场地之间的关系。在尼迈耶设计美学的早期案例中，这位建筑师就已经能够让几何和有机形式在复杂的空间当中组合的游刃有余。

Pampulha Museum of Art, Brazil
Considered Niemeyer's first masterwork, the buildings were designed to house an exclusive club and casino. The design emphasizes a strong relationship between building and site. Even in this early example of Niemeyer’s design aesthetic, he is able to use both geometric and organic forms harmoniously throughout the complex.



法国共产党总部大楼

这是尼迈耶在欧洲的第一个项目，法国共产党总部大楼结合了许多政治元素。尼迈耶本人是一名共产党员，后来被迫离开巴西前往欧洲。该设计方案结合了许多柯布西耶的手法，其中包括厚重的面板，粗野主义特征等，以及玻璃幕墙。但是尼迈耶为面板添加了曲线，使得整座建筑有着其自身的特点。

French Communist Party Building, France
As Niemeyer’s first project in Europe, his design for the French Communist Headquarters would build upon many of the architectural elements Niemeyer employed in earlier political institutions. A communist himself, Niemeyer was forced to leave Brazil for Europe. The design incorporates many references to Corbusian design, including a thick slab block, Brutalist pilotis, and a glass curtain wall. But Niemeyer manipulated the slab, adding a serpentine curve, creating a structure that is easily identifiable as his own.



巴西议会大厦

该项目位于巴西三权广场，其设计方案受到了柯布西耶的影响，柯布是尼迈耶的老师，同时建筑也表达了一些浪漫与奇特的形式特征，这也是尼迈耶巴西现代主义风格的代表。

The National Congress, Brazil
The capitol complex, located on the Plaza of the Three Powers, is home to Niemeyer’s National Congress building. The design reflects the strong influence of Le Corbusier, his mentor, while hinting at the more romantic and whimsical forms of Niemeyer’s trademark Brazilian Modernism.



巴西Tancredo Neves神庙

该项目位于议会大厦的东侧，这座建筑的形态就如同一只鸽子在翱翔。在巴西第一位选举总统Tancredo Neves去世之后，这座建筑便被用于纪念这位总统。

The Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom, Brazil
A cenotaph located on the eastern edge of the capitol complex, the Pantheon’s overall geometries have been said to resemble a dove taking flight. Following the death of Brazil’s first elected president, Tancredo Neves, the structure was dedicated to him.



巴西伊比拉布埃拉大礼堂

这座礼堂也是一座音乐厅，由混凝土建造而成。其内部分为三个主要区域，即休息区、观众厅、舞台区。建筑的外部形态穿插着弯曲的红色体量，人们称其为“labareda”或“flame”。

Ibirapuera Auditorium, Brazil
The auditorium, which was built to function mainly as a music hall, was constructed out of white painted concrete. The interior is divided into three main areas: the foyer, the audience, and the stage. The trapezoidal shape of the external shell is interrupted by a bold, curved, red marquee, now referred to as “labareda” or “flame.”



西班牙尼迈耶中心

该综合体包含有1000人礼堂、观景塔、穹顶博物馆。建筑有着丰富的色彩，从而强调了建筑元素、主要流线，以及结构构件。

新闻来源：Danica O. Kus

Centro Niemeyer, Spain
The complex features a 1000 person auditorium, a viewing tower, and a domed museum. The collection of buildings also utilize color as a dominant architectural feature to highlight elements of the buildings and their critical circulatory and structural components.
News via: Danica O. Kus