Photography: Roger Viollet via Getty Images

纪念里卡多·波菲尔(1939 – 2022)
Remembering Ricardo Bofill (1939 – 2022)

由专筑网清珂，小R编译

建筑师里卡多·波菲尔于2022年1月14日在巴塞罗那逝世。这位西班牙建筑师以钟爱强烈的色彩和大胆的形式著称，让我们一起回顾他的生平和创作。

在自己设计的项目巴塞罗那瓦尔登7号住所内，82岁的西班牙建筑设计师里卡多·波菲尔与世长辞。作为西班牙当今最有名望的建筑师，通过在建筑中融合丰富的色彩和抽象的形式，波菲尔在漫长的职业生涯中开创了独特的个人道路。

他的作品经常吸收先前建筑残留的物质或精神痕迹，最著名的例子是位于巴塞罗那郊外的家和工作室，该项目由一座大型水泥厂改造而成。尽管如此，他又总是独立于任何风格或流派。

Ricardo Bofill, the Spanish architect with a penchant for strong colours and bold forms, passed away in Barcelona on 14 January 2022. We look back at his life and work
Walden 7 housing project in Barcelona, by Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura
The Spanish architect Ricardo Bofill has died at the age of 82. Perhaps the country’s most acclaimed and best-known contemporary architect, Bofill’s long career saw him carve a distinctive personal path through the built environment, incorporating rich colours and abstract forms.
His work frequently accommodated the physical or spiritual detritus of earlier movements, most notably in his own home and studio, a vast converted cement factory just outside of Barcelona, yet he stood apart from an association with any one style or approach.


La Pirámide（金字塔），1976年，有着玛雅风格的寺庙，毗邻西班牙和法国边境高速公路
La Pirámide, 1976, a Mayan-style temple adjoining a motorway on the border between Spain and France

生于1939年的波菲尔从小就受到西班牙加泰罗尼亚生活和文化的浸染。其父埃米利奥也是建筑师及建设者，尽管没有建筑师执照，但他和巴塞罗那丰富的文化圈有密切接触。父亲在波菲尔建立工作室和设计初期作品中起了重要作用，影响波菲尔不仅热爱建筑，也涉猎诗歌、经济学、文学批评等领域。

Born in 1939, Bofill was immersed in the life and culture of Catalonia from an early age. His father Emilio was an architect and builder, albeit an unregistered one, with close personal connections to Barcelona’s rich cultural scene. Emilio played a major role in the establishment and first works of his son’s studio, which came to embrace not just architecture but other disciplines like poetry, economics, and literary criticism. 


家宅，吉罗那，1973年
Family House, Girona, 1973

成立于1973年的波菲尔建筑工作室设计最多的作品是住宅，其中最出名的是瓦尔登7号（Walden 7 ）和 红墙 (La Muralla Roja)。在当今图像饱和的数字时代，这两个作品仍然凭借多色形式得到新的关注，并且从未在文化现象研究中淡出。

2021年，韩国电视剧《鱿鱼游戏》又为波菲尔的作品增加了一个诠释层面，剧中的布景和环境似乎直接借鉴了位于卡尔佩的红墙住宅明亮的色彩和埃舍尔式楼梯。红墙(La Muralla Roja)和堆叠式公寓瓦尔登7号（Walden 7 ）分别建于1968年和1973年，在外观上都很经典。

Established in 1963, Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura’s most accomplished works were in the sphere of housing. Two projects in particular, Walden 7 and La Muralla Roja (The Red Wall) stood out. Both have received fresh attention in our image-saturated digital world, with striking polychromatic forms that are never off the modern cultural radar for long.
In 2021, the South Korean drama series Squid Game added another metatextual layer, with sets and environments that seem to make direct reference to the Escher-esque stairs and bright colours of The Red Wall housing in Calpe, Alicante. Built between 1968 and 1973, The Red Wall is timeless in its appearance, just like the stacked apartments of the Walden 7 block, sited alongside the Taller de Arquitectura in Barcelona.


红墙，西班牙，卡尔佩，1973
La Muralla Roja (The Red Wall), Calpe, Spain, 1973

除了住宅，波菲尔的其他主要作品包括加泰罗尼亚国家剧院、巴塞罗那机场航站楼、东京资生堂总部以及位于芝加哥、巴黎和卡萨布兰卡等地的项目，总共在40个国家设计超过了1000个项目。正在进行中的项目包括摩洛哥穆罕默德六世理工大学等，目前这个建筑世家的第三代——波菲尔的两个儿子负责项目并管理100多人的工作室。

As well as housing, other major projects include Barcelona’s National Theatre of Catalonia, two terminals at Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport, the Shiseido HQ in Tokyo, and projects in Chicago, Paris, and Casablanca. Work continues on the campus of the Mohammed VI Polytechnic University in Morocco, as well as other projects, all overseen by Bofill’s sons, Ricardo Emilio and Pablo, who run the 100-strong office today. They represent the third generation of this remarkable creative family, which will continue to make a substantial mark on the built environment. Under Bofill’s direction, the Taller designed over 1,000 buildings in 40 countries. 


马德里市议会大厦，1992年
Palacio Municipal de Congresos de Madrid, 1992

波菲尔的建筑可以当做一件艺术品来解读，其中形式和色彩与光、空间有美妙的结合。现如今大家都喜欢布置个人生活环境，而波菲尔早就提倡把建筑当做生活的大背景，并且越大越宏伟越好。不过，这一原则也并不总是奏效，他在法国马恩拉瓦莱设计的住宅区艾布拉克斯（Les Espaces d’Abraxas）最终成为了不够人性化的、索然无味的“新古典主义”代表。

年出版的传记中：《里卡多·波菲尔：建筑的愿景》一书中。

One can read a Bofill building as if it were a piece of art, a carefully considered layering of form and colour married to a love of light and space. Long before we all became obsessive curators of our personal environments, Bofill was proposing architecture as something that served as a giant backdrop to our lives, the bigger and more epic the better. This didn’t always work out, with his housing estate in Marne-la-Vallée in France, Les Espaces d’Abraxas, tipping over into bleak, impersonal neo-classicism.

When it all came together, his work was strikingly distinct. Much of his oeuvre was captured in Gestalten’s 2019 monograph, Ricardo Bofill: Visions of Architecture, a lavish celebration of the Taller de Arquitectura’s work. 从总体看，他的作品是非常他大部分作品都收录在Gestalten2019


穆罕默德六世理工大学，摩洛哥，本盖里尔，在建
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco, 2016-ongoing

建筑摄影师Sebastian Weiss曾评论波菲尔的作品：它们有一种荒诞之美、一种超现实的存在感，有时候看着像舞台或电影场景。

像在舞台上一样，波菲尔最好的作品通过光与影、墙与窗的魔力，鼓励我们在生活中创造角色，欣赏周围环境不断的变化。城市是他的画布，世界因他的离去而黯淡。

Two years ago, we were proud to present Hamburg-based architectural photographer Sebastian Weiss’ series on The Red Wall. ‘It is such an absurdly beautiful and surreal location,’ the photographer said at the time, noting presciently that it ‘appears sometimes like a film set or a staging’.
Just like a stage, Bofill’s best works encouraged you to live life as if it was a role, appreciate the changing dynamics of the surroundings, animated by the play of light and shadow, wall and window. The city was his canvas, and the world is a little poorer for his passing.


The Factory. Photography: courtesy of Ricardo Bofill Taller Arquitectura


The Factory. Photography: courtesy of Ricardo Bofill Taller Arquitectura


The Factory. Photography: courtesy of Ricardo Bofill Taller Arquitectura