住宅区改造项目
Michelle Ho proposes retrofitting housing estates to densify cities

由专筑网邵红佳，李韧编译

Dezeen x MINI Living的最新视频探讨了Bartlett建筑学院学生Michelle Ho的改造方案，Michelle Ho建议对于伦敦住宅区的房屋使用适应性强的共生单元，而不是进行拆除。

Ho的实验方案名为“改造社区住宅（Retrofitting the Community Estate）”，在一项规划中，建造于20世纪60年代的老建筑会被部分拆除，只留下基本的楼板和结构墙。

The latest video in our Dezeen x MINI Living series explores a vision from Bartlett School of Architecture student Michelle Ho, to replace demolished sections of a London housing estate with adaptable co-living units.
Ho's experimental proposal, called Retrofitting the Community Estate, sees segments of the 1960s-built Central Hill Estate knocked down, leaving a basic concrete shell comprising only a floor plate and structural walls.


Ho的提案将会改造位于伦敦南部已有的建筑Central Hill Estate／Ho's proposal would adapt the pre-existing Central Hill Estate in south London

一个全新的木制框架将会架在原有的房屋结构上，并且配上定制的住房单元。

“将新的起居空间引入原有的建筑的顶部，住房密度将会增加。”设计师说。

A new wooden frame would be mounted onto the remaining social housing structure and fitted with customisable housing units.
"By introducing new living spaces into the estate and building over the existing roof, the housing density can be enhanced," the designer told Dezeen.


建筑的一部分将被寄生木结构取代／Small sections of the current building would be replaced with parasitic timber structures

结构框架和附加模型都可以预制而成，并在场地外组装，然后安装在房屋上部，利用张力缆绳固定。

内墙带有集成座椅和储藏空间，可以连接主要空间，最大使用面积。

Both the structural frame and the attachable modules could be pre-cut and partially constructed offsite, before being installed on the estate and secured with tension cables.
Internal walls with integrated seating and storage would be plugged into the main space in order to maximise the floor plan.


附加结构会在建筑顶部增加额外的起居空间／Additional structures would add extra living spaces over the top of the building

此外，为了方便组装，全新的房屋具有很强的适应性，使用者能够自行规划空间，让空间根据不同的需求而灵活改变。

现存的两层公寓可以改成共同的居住单元，当住户搬走之后，这里还可以改装成共同工作的空间。

In addition to being easy to fabricate, the new homes are intended to be adaptable, allowing occupants to add or subtract floorspace and facilities according to the varying requirements of both the occupants and the community.
"The first two levels of the existing flats can be converted into co-living units, which can then be transformed into co-working spaces when residents move out," said Ho.


该空间可以适应使用者不断变化的需求／Spaces could be adapted to changing needs of residents

“这也有利于为房地产开发的其他部分提供资金。”她补充说。

该住宅区位于一个斜坡上，形成一幢三层高的长建筑。每层楼沿街道向后退，现有阳台通过这种交错而产生，这让建筑可利用空间面积增大，设计师也通过半透明的天窗让更多自然光进入下面的公寓。

"This can also contribute to the funding for other parts of the development in the estate," she added.
The housing estate is located on a slope, resulting in a long, three-storey-tall building that steps back from the street at the level of each floor. The existing balconies created by this staggered form would be repurposed for additional floorspace, or replaced with a translucent skylight to allow more natural light to enter the apartment below.


生活空间可以转换为共同工作空间／Living spaces could be converted into co-working spaces

“该项目旨在改善现有的照明、隔热和通风。”Ho说。

一楼是小企业和社区的服务空间。

"The project aims to improve the existing conditions in terms of lighting, thermal and ventilation qualities," claims Ho.
The ground floor would be occupied by small businesses and community-enhancing services.


一楼主要使用对象是小企业／The ground floor would be occupied by small businesses

这些单位产生的收入将补贴建筑的维护和其他场地的开发。

“商店和服务可以引入现有公寓的低层部分，来赚取资金。”她说。

Revenue generated from these units would subsidise the maintenance of the estate and other on-site developments.
"Shops and services can be introduced into the lower level of the existing flats, to generate extra funding," she said.


一层也可以容纳社区服务／Ground-floor spaces could also accommodate community-run services

“当社区资金链灵活运转起来之后，这个空间就可以用作托儿所。”

Ho认为，她提议的系统将有可能取代当前计划，在当前的规划中，该地块上的建筑将被拆除，重新建造400座住宅。

"When the community no longer need to generate that much funding, the space can be converted into a nursery space."
Ho believes that her proposed system would have the potential to replace the current plan to disband the community and demolish the entire estate, in order to build an additional 400 brand new homes.


Ho设想儿童保育服务在未来也可应用其中／Ho envisions that childcare services could occupy areas of the new structures

“只需要进行小规模的拆迁，而不是大规模的重建，建筑和现有社区都可以保持原样。”Ho说，“社区的人们将会很开心。”

设计师希望该项目可以成为伦敦当前住房危机的一种替代解决方案，这种住房危机使得社会公共住宅区被改造为大型私人开发项目。

"By retrofitting with only small-scale demolitions instead of total redevelopment, both the estate and existing community can be kept in pretty much its true form," said Ho, "which would make the community happy."
The designer hopes that the project can contribute an alternative solution to London's current housing crisis, which often sees social housing estates replaced by large privately-funded developments.


设计师说这种方法可以帮助社区团结一致／The designer says the approach could help communities stay together