里士满公路项目获批：快速公交发展新方向
Embark Richmond Highway Plan Approved; Brings Bus Rapid Transit, Development

由专筑网pilewyj，李韧编译

2018年3月20日，里士满地区监事会通过了全新的土地利用方案，该方案旨在促进里士满高速公路区域的步行、自行车和快速公交系统的提升。

这条长达7.5英里的廊道用地规划方案名为“登上里士满高速路（Embark Richmond Highway）”，它是未来快速公交系统（BRT）建设所需的第一阶段。该系统主要投放在Huntington地铁站至Belvoir站区间。未来几年内，它将逐渐扩建延伸到Occoquan河。廊道之间将设有9个公交站点，预计每6到10分钟有一班公共汽车。

修订后的用地规划还提及，未来该区域将继续沿廊道拓建地铁线路，一直延伸到Hybla山谷。

Following two years of intense effort, on March 20 the Board of Supervisors approved a sweeping new land-use plan that supports walking, biking and a bus rapid transit system on Richmond Highway.
Called Embark Richmond Highway, the update to the 7.5-mile corridor’s land-use plan is the first step needed to build a future bus rapid transit, or BRT, system. The future bus rapid transit system will run primarily in the median from the Huntington Metro Station to Fort Belvoir. Eventually it will extend to the county border at the Occoquan River. Buses are expected to run every six to 10 minutes between the nine BRT stations planned along the corridor.
The revised land-use plan also supports two future Metro stations along the highway, extending the rail system’s Yellow Line to Hybla Valley.



住宅开发和公园绿地

就整体而言，规划方案倡导在九个快速公交车站周围半英里范围内建造包括居住功能在内的多功能综合区。除已有的公交系统外，如沿着高速路的连续步行道路和自行车道等慢行系统也被倡导。

从新规划方针来说，城市并不会有太大变化，但更多的居住区的开发是本次规划的重点。据统计，新建设的居住区预计将会达到18万套住房和近850万平方英尺的非住宅开发面积。

廊道沿线还规划了全新的公园绿地系统。公园将合理地分布于每个快速公交车站周边，服务面积将辐射整个车站区域，为片区的人们提供户外活动和了解当地历史的场所。

该方案还包括两个新建立的创新型公共空间，空间名为“宜居生态轴线”。这两条轴线将串联若干个公园，使街道和建筑之间有更好的交流。

宜居生态轴线将是里士满高速路规划方案中的主要街道，它将是集购物、娱乐和户外聚会等功能为一体的场所。轴线以“宜居”为主题，将当地街道与步行和自行车道、线性公园、广场、零售超市和餐馆等业态空间进行连接。

生态轴线强调了该地区因为河道或者隧道工程而被改道或掩盖的溪流。许多已经被掩盖的溪流会重新回到人们的视野之中，成为街道景观。生态轴线将配备木栈道、路边停坐区、集散广场、小径、健身设备和其他娱乐空间等基础服务设施，更好地连接与服务周边居住区。


社区商业中心

里士满高速路是六个未来大力发展的社区商业中心的所在地。该规划将未来的大部分发展集中在四个中心，即Penn Daw、Beacon/Groveton、Hybla Valley/Gum Springs与 Woodlawn。在这之中，密集的开发将集中在Beacon/Groveton与Hybla Valley两个区域，因为这两个地点未来会增设地铁站。

如今，这四个中心主要功能是郊区零售和露天购物中心。根据该规划方案，这里的新特征将会得到凸显：

Residential Development and Park Space
Overall, the plan calls for concentrating more mixed-use development, especially residential, within a half mile around the nine BRT stations. It also imagines new ways to get around, providing continuous walking and bike paths along the corridor in addition to the bus system.
While the total amount of new development isn’t significantly more than the previous land-use plan, the new plan calls for more residential development. In total, it foresees a maximum of 18,000 housing units and 8.5 million square feet in nonresidential development.
New, interconnected park spaces are also planned along the corridor. The parks will be strategically located at each of the BRT stations and distributed throughout the station areas, providing places for people to enjoy the outdoors and learn more about the area’s history.
The plan also features two new, innovative concepts for open space called livability and ecological spines. These spines are continuous park spaces that are integrated with streets and buildings.
Livability spines act as alternative main streets to Richmond Highway, creating destinations for shopping, recreation and gathering outdoors. These spines integrate local streets with pedestrian and bike paths, linear parks, plazas, retail and restaurants.
Ecological spines highlight the streams that were diverted into channels or underground tunnels before modern environmental regulations. Many of these currently hidden streams will be “daylighted,” incorporating them into the street design. These spines could offer boardwalks, seating, gathering areas, trails, fitness equipment and other recreation spaces, as well as help make connections to existing residential neighborhoods.

Community Business Centers
The Richmond Highway corridor is home to six community business centers, areas planned for future development. The plan concentrates most of the future growth into four of these centers: Penn Daw, Beacon/Groveton, Hybla Valley/Gum Springs and Woodlawn. The densest development will be focused in Beacon/Groveton and Hybla Valley, the locations for the two future Metro stations.
Today, the four centers are dominated by suburban retail and strip malls. Under the plan, they would be transformed into places with distinct characters and identities:







Penn Daw是重要的交通节点，它包含了南北国王公路与里士满公路交汇处的十字路口，且该中心靠近Huntington地铁站。该街区计划为人们提供2910套住房、2663个就业岗位和91.5万平方英尺的非住宅开发项目。靠近BRT车站的建筑将达到15层。该中心将在高速公路的东面贯穿宜居轴线。

Penn Daw: Encompassing the crossroads where North and South Kings Highways meet Richmond Highway, this center is conceived as a transit gateway due to its proximity to the Huntington Metro Station. It is planned for 2,910 housing units, 2,663 jobs and 915,000 square feet in nonresidential development. Buildings will reach up to 15 stories along the highway closest to the BRT station. This center will feature a livability spine on the east side of the highway.











Beacon/Groveton是整个城市廊道的核心。Beacon/Groveton将会有约130万平方英尺的非住宅区、4200套住房和3560个工作岗位。由于有地铁站，该计划在非住宅开发面积中会再进行180万平方英尺的扩建。因为该区域是城镇中心，为凸显其重要位置，高层建筑在该区域会沿着廊道进行建设，靠近BRT车站的建筑最高可达22层。这些建筑将考虑到里士满公路西侧的古城亚历山大和华盛顿的景观视角。中央城市广场将作为BRT车站与城市景观的缓冲区，该广场能够举办大型社区活动，如节日庆典、农贸市场和户外表演。广场同样与宜居轴线有一定的连接。

Beacon/Groveton: It is the urban town center and focal point of the entire corridor. Beacon/Groveton is planned for approximately 1.3 million square feet in nonresidential development, 4,200 housing units and 3,560 jobs. With a Metro station, the plan allows for an additional 1.8 million square feet in nonresidential development. Because it is a town center, Beacon/Groveton is planned to have the tallest buildings along the corridor, reaching up to 22 stories closest to the BRT station. These buildings will take advantage of the potential views to Old Town Alexandria and Washington D.C. On the west side of the Richmond Highway, a central civic plaza will connect to the BRT station, and this plaza is intended to host large community events like festivals, farmers markets and outdoor performances. The plaza also will link to a livability spine.
Artist rendering of future Beacon Groveton area.















Hybla Valley/Gum Springs片区有独特的生态资源，比如连接Huntley牧场公园和丰富历史遗迹的河流，以及Gum Springs社区。街区的长度超过1.25英里，也是廊道中最长的一段，沿途将建设三个快速公交车站和一个地铁站。该中心将有三个生态节点，其中两个将基于城市道路进行改造，主要设计元素为居住区之间的水道、人行道和自行车道路。Hybla Valley/Gum Springs计划包含面积240万平方英尺的非住宅区、3400个住宅单元和6460个工作岗位。考虑到地铁站的建设，非住宅开发面积将会进行91万平方英尺的扩建。

Hybla Valley/Gum Springs: This center contains ecological resources, including streams that connect to Huntley Meadows Park and a rich historical legacy, including the Gum Springs community. At more than 1.25 miles long, it’s also the longest center in the corridor and it is planned for three BRT stations and a future Metro station. The center will feature three ecological spines. Two will incorporate local roads and the third will not, designed primarily as a waterway and walking and biking path located between residential uses. In total, Hybla Valley/Gum Springs is planned for 2.4 million square feet of nonresidential development, 3,400 dwelling units and 6,460 jobs. With the construction of a Metro station, the plan permits an additional 910,000 square feet in nonresidential development.







Woodlawn街区位于主要的历史遗迹附近，包括弗农山、华盛顿Grist磨坊、Woodlawn和Pope-Leighey之家，所以这个区域被打造多功能综合社区和旅游中心。该街区的特色是由步行道路和自行车道共同组成的慢行系统，通过该系统引导人们通往该地区的历史景点。为了支持旅游业，该计划设想在BRT车站和该街区的宜居轴线区段附近增加宾馆酒店等商业服务性建筑。该区域计划有78.6万平方英尺的非住宅空间，配套1020套住房和2281个工作岗位。

Woodlawn: Because it located near major historic sites, including Mount Vernon, Washington’s Grist Mill, Woodlawn and Pope-Leighey House, this center is reimagined as a mixed-use neighborhood and tourist hub. A central feature is a network of shared walking and biking paths that lead from this center to the area’s historic attractions. To support tourism, the plans envisions a hotel with conference center to be located near the BRT station and the center’s livability spine. The plan calls for a maximum of 786,000 square feet in nonresidential development, 1,020 housing units and 2,281 jobs.