Oficina estudio IGLOO / estudio IGLOO - 14. Image © David Frutos
Oficina estudio IGLOO / estudio IGLOO - 14. Image © David Frutos
关于瓷砖的10个经典问题
10 Frequently Asked Questions About Ceramic Tiles
由专筑网小R编译
瓷砖有方形、矩形、六边形、哑光、高光等多种类型，因此这是一种应用很广泛的地板材料，同时它们还有着高度持久性、易于维护与安装等特点。接下来是关于瓷砖的10个经典问答。
Square, rectangular, hexagonal, matte, shiny. It's hard to think of a more versatile flooring material than tiles. They're also known for their high durability, ease of maintenance and installation, and are among the most common choices for covering floors and walls, whether wet or not. Following are 10 common questions about ceramic tiles, and their answers:
1、陶瓷和瓷砖有什么区别？
陶瓷和瓷砖的区别在于背后的技术，后者是相较于普通陶瓷更需要控制的制造工艺制品，它由瓷砖和各种矿物在1200摄氏度的高温下烧制而成，因而得出的成果也比传统陶瓷更加均匀与耐磨，其孔隙率较低，吸水指数也低，因而更加耐用。此类制品比较适合功能性强的场所，例如机场和购物中心。瓷砖的颜色变化较多，因此有个丰富的外观形态。
1. What is the difference between ceramic and porcelain?
The fundamental difference between ceramic tile and porcelain tile lies in the technology behind their production. Porcelain is the result of a more controlled manufacturing process than ordinary ceramics, made through a mixture of porcelain and various minerals burned at over 1200 degrees Celsius. The resulting material is more homogeneous, dense, vitrified, and resistant than conventional ceramics. It is also less porous and therefore has a very low water absorption index, making it more durable as well. This feature makes it suitable for high traffic locations such as airports or shopping malls. Porcelain glazes are also known for their greater color variation, providing a rich custom look.
Romero 114 / HGR Arquitectos. Image © Diana Arnau
相反而言，陶瓷则由黏土和矿物混合而成，有着微妙的变化，因此可以构成有趣的美学成果。
Ceramic, in turn, is composed of a mixture of clay and some minerals. Due to the slight variations and irregularities, it may yield a more interesting aesthetic result.
2、最终完成面有哪些类型？
完成面指的是瓷砖的外表面，因此有抛光、反光、哑光、自然光等类型。
2. What types of finishes exist?
The finish refers to the upper surface of the tile's coating and can be polished, shiny, satin, matte, or natural.
Casa TEC 205 / Moneo Brock Studio . Image © Adrián Llaguno – Documentación Arquitectónica
Casa TEC 205 / Moneo Brock Studio . Image © Adrián Llaguno – Documentación Arquitectónica
3、瓷砖是耐用的材料吗？
是的，但是这很大程度上取决于装置自身，如果要让瓷砖耐用，那么粘贴瓷砖的表面就必须平整，不能不规则，然后根据每块瓷砖的不同尺寸，选择使用合适的砂浆，相较于较大的瓷砖，制造商都会建议在粘贴表面和瓷砖的背面涂上双层胶。
3. Is ceramic tile a durable material?
Yes, but this depends heavily on the installation. To optimize durability, the subfloor or base on which the tiling will be glued must be flat, stable, and without irregularities. Depending on the dimensions of each tile, the proper mortar must be used. For larger pieces, manufacturers recommend double gluing on the subfloor and the back of the tile. Generally, carefully following the manufacturers' recommendations is always the best thing to do.
Cinco Casas / Fernando Weber. Image © Rafael Gamo
4、什么是矫正瓷砖？
矫正瓷砖就类似于切割，将不同的瓷砖切割成相同的尺寸，然后让接头尽量小一点，减少勾缝剂的使用，让作品更加美观。
4. What is a rectified tile?
Rectified tiles go through a cutting process called grinding, which trims all pieces to the same exact size. As a result, seating joints can be minimal, reducing the amount of grout and making the assembly more aesthetically pleasing.
Casa Chuburná / Cabrera Arqs. Image © Tamara Uribe
Casa Chuburná / Cabrera Arqs. Image © Tamara Uribe
5、如何计算所需的瓷砖数量呢？
首先，你得知道空间的面积，同时你也应该应用过大的瓷砖部分来填补瓷砖的不足部分。一般来说，如果空间形态规整，那么大概保留5%至7%的额外瓷砖面积来填补缺口即可，如果平面为独特的形态，那么就需要切割一些多于的部分，那么这样就需要保留15%的额外瓷砖，放置在安装时出现材料的短缺现象。
5. How do I calculate the number of tiles I need?
Of course, you will need to know the area of the space. But you should also plan to start with more than the exact number of tiles that will fill the area, due to breaks and cutouts. Generally, adding 5 to 7% in surplus to account for cut loss is sufficient if the environment is simple (square or rectangular with few cutouts). If the plan is diagonal or if the environment has a distinctive or organic shape, then many pieces will have to be cut at the corners. In these scenarios, it is important to provide a surplus of up to 15% to avoid material deficit during installation.
Romero 114 / HGR Arquitectos. Image © Diana Arnau
6、地板砖能安装在墙面上吗？或是墙面砖能安装在地板上吗？
实际而言，瓷砖都能够安装在墙面上，只是适不适合而已。相关专业问题，可以咨询专业人士。
6. Can floor tiles be installed on walls? Or wall tiles on floors?
Virtually any floor tile can be installed on the wall, though in most cases, it is not appropriate to switch them. Consult the installer or product manufacturer for application recommendations.
106 · Øki / elii. Image © Imagen Subliminal
106 · Øki / elii. Image © Imagen Subliminal
7、可以在瓷砖表面再粘贴瓷砖吗？
一般来说可以的，但是前提是下方瓷砖安装必须正确，同时没有损坏。但是这也不是最优的做法，因为在一开始就考虑成本的节约会导致之后更多的成本付出，请记住的是，重叠的瓷砖会降低房间的净高，同时也需要改变开门的位置。
7. Can I install tiles on top of other tiles?
Usually, yes, but only if the surface below has been installed correctly and is not broken or experiencing any problems, such as stuffing. However, this is generally not the smartest option, and though initially cost-saving may later incur higher costs. Keep in mind that overlapping floors will slightly decrease the height of the room, and that the doors will have to be altered to open normally.
Casa de playa / [H] arquitectos. Image © Onnis Luque
8、瓷砖是否防滑？
想要了解瓷砖是否防滑，那么重要的是需要了解其中的动摩擦系数，该系数越高，那么瓷砖就越防滑。在这个部分，每个国家都有当地的规范准则，例如在巴西，制造商需要遵循巴西13818/97标准，其中分成两个部分：
• 等级一：系数小于0.4，该瓷砖仅仅适用于室内；
• 等级二：系数大于或等于0.4，改瓷砖则可以应用在室外或是浴室。
8. Are ceramic tiles non-slip?
To know whether or not a tile is non-slip, it is important to know its dynamic friction coefficient, which is an index of slip resistance. The higher the number, the more 'non-slip' the piece. Each country has its own norm in this regard. In Brazil, for example, manufacturers follow the Brazilian standard of 13818/97, which divides parts into two classes:
• Class I - Coefficient less than 0.4 - Indoor areas only;
• Class II - Coefficient greater than or equal to 0.4 - Can be used outdoors and are safer for shower stalls, for example.
Edificio T35 / C2D. Image © Camila Cossio
Luma Café / Michan Architecture. Image © Vicente Muños
9、如何切割瓷砖？
针对直接切割，那么人们常常会应用到特殊的工具，先进行刮擦，然后再进行切割，继而构成干净的切口和良好的光洁度。那么针对其他细节，则可以应用圆盘锯，结合尺寸恰当的圆盘对于瓷砖的表面构成十分重要，同时也可以委托专业人员进行操作，避免产生不必要的麻烦。
9. How do you cut and pierce tiles?
For straight cuts, a special tool is generally used that scratches and then cuts the tile, creating a clean cut and good finish. For other details or clippings, a disk saw can be used. It is important to use the proper disc for a satisfactory finish on the tile. To create holes, the ideal method is to hire a specialized technical team to avoid cracking.
Casa Terrazas / Garza Maya Arquitectos. Image © The Raws
10、瓷砖表面能否涂画？
可以，但并不是适用于所有的涂料。针对高度防水和光滑的瓷砖表面，应该应用高粘和性的油漆，一般来说，制造商会建议使用环氧漆，然后根据说明来对瓷砖表面进行相应的处理。
10. Is it possible to paint on tiles?
Yes, but not all paints work. In the case of highly waterproof and smooth surfaces, the paint should be highly adhesive, for which manufacturers recommend epoxy paint. It is also necessary to prepare the base, following the directions of the product packaging.
Veramonte 1602 / Taller David Dana . Image © Alessandro Bo
Okana / Arkham Projects. Image © Tamara Uribe
Casa El Cielo / Andrés Burguete. Image © César Bejar
Casa Milán / BCA Taller de Diseño. Image © Marcos Betanzos
Casa MA / e| arquitectos. Image © Paulina Vaqueiro Toriello
Veramonte 1602 / Taller David Dana . Image © Alessandro Bo
Casa Campestre / TAAB. Image © Lorena Darquea
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