乡村规划师的在地规划实践 Local practice of rural planners
设计缘起/ The Origin Of Design
宝山区罗泾镇海星村是上海近郊型集中居住片区的典型代表，随着大都市区不断向外延伸，海星村的经济得到了飞速的发展，随之而来的是现状缺失的乡村公共空间与人们对丰富公共生活向往的突出矛盾，乡村公共空间急需重塑。
Reshape the Rural Public Space with Haixing House as its Core
Haixing village, Luojing Town, Baoshan District, is a typical representative of Shanghai suburban centralized residential area, With the continuous expansion of metropolitan areas, Haixing village's economy has been developing rapidly. The gap between the current missing rural public space and the growing expectation of the people for a rich public life soon follows, and the rural public space is in urgent need of remodeling.
▼项目概览，Project overview ©创霖-泽柏
▼融入了周边村落肌理，Integrated into the surrounding village texture ©金笑辉
设计师团队对海星村南侧归并集中安置点的公共空间目前存在的问题进行实地分析研究，总结出相对应的设计策略。我们的目标是让新建的“海星之家”及周边公共空间实现在地化的重塑，真正成为海星村居民的家。
The designer team carried out field analysis and research on the existing problems of the public space of the centralized settlement on the south side of Haixing village, and summarized corresponding design strategies. Our goal is to make the newly built Haixing house and the surrounding public space realize the local remolding, and truly become the home of the residents of Haixing village.
▼沐浴晨光，Bathe in the morning light ©金笑辉
深入实地的调查研究/ Detailed Field Research
海星村整体风貌上呈现农田、住宅、水相交相融，基本具备“宅田水共生”的江南乡村的空间特点。随着上海新农村建设的开展，海星村虽然在环境上有所整治，但仍然存在诸多问题。为此设计师团队在设计之初就深入实地，利用村民访谈、部门走访及基础场地信息研究等方式、获得了第一手资料，让设计回到归村民最本质的功能需求上来。
Haixing village is characterized by the integration of farmland, housing and water, which basically shows the spatial characteristics of the Jiangnan village typical of "symbiosis of housing, farmland and water". With the development of new rural construction in Shanghai, although Haixing village has been somewhat renovated, there are still many problems. Therefore, the designer team carried out in-depth field research at the beginning of the design, and obtained the first-hand information by means of villager interview, department visit and basic site information research, so as to satisfy the most essential functional needs of villagers.
▼设计初期现场调研, Field investigation at the initial stage of design ©创霖-泽柏
通过现场调研走访，村民集中反应了缺少公共开放空间、整个村庄内缺少绿化、以及停车位缺乏等较为突出的问题。
Through field investigation and visit, it is found that the problems centered on the lack of public open space, the lack of green space in the whole village, and the lack of parking spaces.
▼调研成果, Research results ©创霖-泽柏
通过对附近村民的走访，反映最多的问题便是村内缺少公共活动空间，目前村民主要公共活动局限于各家的院子，村内滨水的空间也没有得到有效的利用，村民急需一处开放的公共空间。
Through the visit to the nearby villagers, the most reflected problem is the lack of public activity space in the village. At present, the main public space of the villagers are limited to the courtyard of each family, and the waterfront space in the village has not been effectively utilized. The villagers urgently need an open public space.
▼调研成果, Research results ©创霖-泽柏
村里的住宅多为独门独户的乡村别墅，家家户户都通过围墙建立起自家的小庭院，在近人尺度上没有开放的绿化，更没有成片的集中绿地，整个村子缺少绿色的基调。
Most of the houses in the village are single family villas. Every family has set up their own small courtyard by the wall. There is no open green space, let alone concentrated green space, in the approachable scale. The whole village lacks the green tone.
▼调研成果, Research results ©创霖-泽柏
随着近些年经济的发展，越来越多的村民拥有了私家汽车，由于村内的道路较为狭窄，停车位严重不足，村民只得将车停在马路边上。尤其是节假日期间，很多外出的年轻人也会驱车回来，停车问题更加突出。
With the economic development in recent years, an increasing number of villagers own private cars. Due to the narrow roads in the village and the critical shortage of parking spaces, villagers have to park their cars on the side of the roads. The parking problem is more serious during the holidays, as many young people who go out will also drive back.
▼“海星之家”俯视图, Top view of Haixing House ©金笑辉
设计师团队综合考虑了村民的各类诉求，将新川沙路北侧的原停产工厂荒地设计为海星村最大的公共开放空间，构成整个海星村的中心。
The designer team comprehensively considered all kinds of demands of the villagers, and designed the wasteland of the original production plant on the north side of Xinchuansha Road as the largest public open space of Haixing village, which would become the center of the whole Haixing village.
▼“海星之家”功能总体布局, General functional layout ©创霖-泽柏
场地内西侧设计为海星之家广场，主要为村民娱乐、活动、交流的空间；地块中部设计为乡村体育公园，主要功能为满足海星村及周边村庄村民健身竞技需求；地块东侧设计为生态停车场，来满足村民日益增长的停车需求。海星之家广场、体育公园、生态停车场共同构成了整个基地的核心，也回应了村民对“聚有所”、“观有景”、“车能停”的迫切需求。
在地化的海派风貌融合/ Local Blending Of Shanghai Style
海星村经历过两次集中居住建设（80年代末陈行水库建设和95年村自发宅基地归并），目前村内民居实现连片集中，乡村风貌为海派洋房风格。
The west side of the site is designed as Haixing House square, mainly for villagers' entertainment, activities and communication; the middle part of the plot is designed as a rural sports park, in order to meet the needs of fitness and competitive sports of villagers in Haixing village and surrounding villages; the east side of the plot is designed as an ecological parking lot to meet the growing parking demand of villagers. Haixing House square, sports park and ecological parking lot together constitute the core of the whole base, and also respond to the villagers' urgent needs for "gathering, viewing and parking".
Haixing village has seen centralized residential construction twice (Chenhang Reservoir construction in the late 1980s and the spontaneous homestead merging in 1995). At present, the village's residential areas have been concentrated, and the rural landscape is of Shanghai style.
▼海星村发展历程, Development of Haixing village ©创霖-泽柏
▼建设前的基地, Base before construction ©彭晓凯
在乡村振兴的早期进程中，由于缺乏经验，加之对导则研究尚未透彻，在部分乡村振兴案例取得成功之后，盲目涌现出了大批“乡改范式化”建筑，这类传统江南民居风貌并不适用于所有村庄。
In the early process of rural revitalization, due to the lack of experience and thorough research on the guidelines, after some successful cases, a large number of "rural reconstruction paradigm" buildings sprang up blindly. This kind of traditional Jiangnan residential style is not applicable to all villages.
▼海派风貌的在地化，Localization of Shanghai style ©金笑辉
以海星村为例，由于靠近大都市区，经济发展较好，建筑集中回迁，导致村宅密度高、翻建率高，风貌多为乡村海派洋房风，因而生搬硬套的传统民居建筑其实并不适用这类村庄，毕竟每个村庄都有自己的“肌理”，应当充分考虑到村庄各自的特点并融合到设计中去，形成在地化的塑造，从而避免“千村一面”现象，亦能保存和延续各村独有的特色。
Taking Haixing village as an example, as it is close to the metropolitan area with good economic development and centralized relocation of buildings, the village houses are concentrated with a high renovation rate, and are mostly of Shanghai style. Therefore, mechanically coping traditional residential buildings is not suitable for this kind of villages. After all, each village has its own "texture", and its own characteristics should be fully considered and integrated into the design in order to preserve and continue the unique characteristics of each village.
▼海派风格的村民活动中心, Shanghai style Villager Activity Center ©陈辉
海星村近城近乡，是城市与乡野的联系之桥，过渡之桥，作为上海近郊型乡村的典型代表，海派韵味十足。在设计中，注重保护海星村的村落环境，注重挖掘海星村的海派风貌建设要素，从建筑风格、铺装材料、绿化系统等等注重体现“海派风貌”的氛围打造。同时，以现代的设计语汇和审美要求，去解读乡土，创造符合传统又有创新的海星村新海派风貌。
Haixing village is close to the city and the countryside. It is the bridge between the city and the countryside. As a typical representative of suburban villages in Shanghai, Haixing village has a strong Shanghai flavor. In the design, attention should be paid to the protection of the village environment, the exploring of Haixing village's Shanghai style construction elements, and the creation of a "Shanghai style" atmosphere from the architectural style, paving materials, greening system, etc. Meanwhile, with the modern design vocabulary and aesthetic requirements, we aim to interpret the local and create a traditional and innovative new style of Haixing village.
▼夜色下的“海星之家”是海星村的舞台中央, The Haixing house in the dark is the center stage of Haixing village ©彭晓凯
开放共享的村民活动广场/ Open And Shared Villager Activity Square
▼为村民提供更多的活动场所, More venues for villagers ©金笑辉
海星村位于长江与东海交汇处，“海星之家”以“江海之星”为主题，设计上体现了多元包容的空间理念，平面形式中曲线元素拾取了江海的设计元素对其抽象演变，象征着江与海的交会，又有海派文化的海纳百川之意，大小不一的点状绿化为星星的抽象演变，象征着海星村为江风海韵乡村振兴之星。
Haixing village is located at the junction of the Yangtze River and the East China Sea. With “star of the river and sea” as the theme, the design of Haixing House embodies the space concept of diversity and inclusion. The curve elements in the planar form represents the intersection of river and sea, and the Shanghai culture of “all rivers run into sea”. Different sizes of dotty green space represents the evolution of stars, which also symbolizes Haixing village as a model of Rural Revitalization.
▼夕阳下的活动广场, The activity square under the setting sun ©金笑辉
随着海星村的开发建设，很多年轻人开始返村，人数在逐年增加，而随着村民收入的提高，越发关注对生活品质的追求，除了一些关联性需求（健身配套设施）以外，文化教育、竞技运动、儿童活动、交流空间等功能方面也有了较大的需求，“海星之家”的落成，是对村庄发展需求的最好回应。
With the development and construction of Haixing village, many young people begin to return to the village, and the number is increasing year by year. With the increase of villagers' income, they pay more attention to the pursuit of quality of life. In addition to some related needs (fitness facilities), there are also greater demands for cultural education, competitive sports, children's activities, communication space, etc. The completion of Haixing House is the best response to the needs of village development.
▼创造充满幸福感的环境, Create an environment filled with happiness ©金笑辉
▼黄昏时分的“海星之家”广场 , Haixing house square at dusk ©彭晓凯
海星村靠近上海宝山工业区，劳动力非农化明显，外来人口占比较高，新老居民彼此之间形成了陌生的社交现状。设计师团队意识到我们需要给海星村带来的不单单是一个“聚所”，更是一处“情感容器”，无论是本地的“老上海人”，还是在这里奋斗的年轻的“新上海人”，都可以在这里找归属感，获得幸福感。
Haixing village is close to Baoshan Industrial Zone in Shanghai. The labor force is obviously non-agricultural, and the proportion of migrant population is relatively high. New and old residents have formed a strange social situation. The designer team realized that what we needed to bring to Haixing village was not only a "gathering place", but also an "emotional container". Both local "old Shanghainese" and young "new Shanghainese" struggling here can feel a sense of belonging and happiness here.
▼广场上活跃的人群, The active crowd in the square ©陈辉
▼夜晚的广场舞活动 , Square dancing in the evening ©彭晓凯
▼夜色下的“海星之家”广场 , Haixing house square at night ©彭晓凯
海星之家广场建成后，村民们的生活习惯得到了潜移默化的改变。上午，村民们结伴来到这里晨练、树荫下闲谈、下棋；夕阳西下，井然有序的广场舞团队散发着活力。这里成了村民日常生活的核心，无论男女老少，都可以在这里找到属于自己的角色。
江海之星体育公园/ Jianghai Star Sports Park
海星村体育公园与东侧紧邻的海星之家广场共同构成了海星村最大的公共开放空间，承载着海星村乃至周边村庄的健身、竞技等活动需求。在体育公园西南侧入口处，村民种植有大片竹林，设计师对这片竹林给予保留，并吸取稻田纹理进行抽象演变，作为体育公园里健身广场的铺装纹理。
After the completion of Haixing house square, the villagers' living habits have been imperceptibly changed. In the morning, villagers come here together for morning exercises, chatting and playing chess in the shade of trees; at sunset, the orderly square dance team exudes vitality. It has become the core of the villagers' daily life. Men and women, old and young, can find their own roles here.
The Haixing village sports park and the Haixing house square adjacent to the East jointly constitute the largest public open space of Haixing village, carrying the fitness and competitive activities demand of Haixing village and surrounding villages. At the southwest entrance of the sports park, the villagers planted a large area of bamboo forest. The designer reserved the bamboo forest and abstracted the paddy field texture as the pavement texture of fitness square in the sports park.
▼生态体育公园, Ecological sports park ©金笑辉
体育公园建成之前，村里的年轻人想要运动都需要驱车到数十公里外的市区。现在随着体育公园的落成，村里人有了家门口的体育场，同时周边村庄的年轻人也络绎赶来，村里隔三差五会举行一场友谊比赛，这里成了海星村日常生活不可或缺的一部分。
Before the completion of the sports park, the young people in the village needed to drive to the urban area tens of kilometers away for sports. Now, with the completion of the sports park, the villagers have a stadium at the gate of their homes. At the same time, young people from the surrounding villages also come in a stream. The village holds a friendship competition every three to five times, which has become an indispensable part of Haixing village's daily life.
▼村民在举行足球比赛, The villagers are having a football match ©彭晓凯
▼黑夜无法熄灭运动的热情, Enthusiasm of movement ©彭晓凯
乡村公共空间是区域文化和集体记忆的共同载体。我们通过“海星之家”公共空间的建设，来加深村民对自己所在的海星村的归属感和亲切感，通过长期集体参与，形成海星村自己的文化记忆。
此时此地：乡村公共空间重塑的思考/ Here And Now: Thoughts On The Reconstruction Of Rural Public Space
乡村公共空间的在地化塑造为乡村振兴的未来提供了一种新的可能，它的出发点是改善提高村民生活品质，是对村民日常生活需求的响应。同时，它也是对村庄所处的特有环境的顺应，力求还原乡村本真，是村庄公共建筑对“此时此地”的切实回应。
我们希望可以藉由乡村公共空间的在地化塑造，切实改善村民的生活质量，活化村内闲置空间，并能干预激发村民的主体意识和归属感，以期待引起村民自发的积极行为，成为乡村振兴的主动力。作为设计师，我们所要做的不是发明，而是发现并激发乡村自身的内生动力。通过公共空间的塑造，留下一片土壤，播下一颗种子，让它生根发芽。
Rural public space is the common carrier of regional culture and collective memory. Through the construction of " Haixing house" public space, we can deepen the villagers' sense of belonging and intimacy to their own Haixing village, and form their own cultural memory through long-term collective participation.
The local shaping of rural public space provides a new possibility for the future of Rural Revitalization. Its starting point is to improve the quality of life of villagers, which is a response to the needs of villagers' daily life. At the same time, it is also an adaptation to the unique environment of the village, striving to restore the authenticity of the village, which is a practical response of the village public buildings to "here and now".
We hope that through the local shaping of rural public space, we can effectively improve the quality of life of villagers, activate the idle space in the village, and can intervene to stimulate the villagers' subjective consciousness and sense of belonging, so as to arouse the villagers' spontaneous positive behavior and become the initiative of Rural Revitalization. As designers, what we need to do is not invent, but to find and stimulate the endogenous power of the village itself. Through the shaping of public space, leave a piece of soil, sow a seed, let it take root and sprout.
▼村民活动中心一层平面图, First floor plan of villager Activity Center ©创霖-泽柏
▼村民活动中心二层平面图, Second floor plan of villager Activity Center ©创霖-泽柏
▼南立面图, South elevation ©创霖-泽柏
▼北立面图, North elevation ©创霖-泽柏
▼东立面图, East elevation ©创霖-泽柏
▼西立面图, West elevation ©创霖-泽柏
▼村民活动中心剖面图, Section of villager activity center ©创霖-泽柏
项目名称：海星村“海星之家”村民活动中心
设计方：1.建筑设计：上海创霖建筑规划设计有限公司
2.景观设计：上海泽柏景观设计有限公司
3.乡村规划设计：上海合筑乡村规划师工作站
主创设计师：贺佳
项目经理：张勤
设计团队：1. 建筑设计：陈辉 张泽民 董自金 胡晓霞 狄港星
2. 规划调研：郑梅梅 钱雨馨 孙刘振
3.景观设计：吴永清 谷佃风 曹瑷麟 张国强
项目设计 & 完成年份：2019.06 - 2020.09
项目业主：罗泾镇人民政府
项目地址：中国 上海 宝山
建筑面积：3094.43㎡
摄影版权：彭晓凯 陈辉 金笑辉
合作单位：上海宝建 (集团) 有限公司
Project name: Haixing Village " Haixing House" Villager Activity Center
Design: TDI,ZEB,HEZHU
Leader designer: He Jia
Project manager: Zhang Qin
Design team: 1. Architectural design：Chen Hui,Zhang Zemin,Dong Zijin,Hu Xiaoxia，Di Gangxing
2. Planning Research: Zheng Meimei,Qian Yuxin,Sun Liuzheng
3. Landscape design: Wu Yongqing,Gu Dianfeng,Cao Ailing,Zhang Guoqiang
Design year & Completion Year: 2019.06 - 2020.09
Project owner: People's Government of Luojing town
Project location: Baoshan, Shanghai, China
Gross Built Area (square meters): 3094.43
Photo credits: Peng Xiaokai,Chen Hui,Jin Xiaohui
Partners: Shanghai Baojian
来源：本文由上海创霖建筑规划设计有限公司提供稿件，所有著作权归属上海创霖建筑规划设计有限公司所有。
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