赫尔辛基的小芬兰大厅是一个由松木搭建的模块化会议场地
Little Finlandia in Helsinki is a modular conference venue held up by pine trees

由专筑网江鹏，小R编译

95棵松树支撑着小芬兰大厅（Little Finlandia）的屋顶，这是赫尔辛基的一个活动中心，由刚毕业的建筑师Jaakko Torvinen设计。

这座临时建筑是赫尔辛基市政府在对邻近的芬兰大厅进行为期三年翻新期间开发的，该大厅由芬兰传奇建筑师阿尔瓦·阿尔托（Alvar Aalto）于1962年设计。

Ninety-five pine trees that retain their branches support the roof of Little Finlandia, an events centre in Helsinki designed by recently graduated architect Jaakko Torvinen.
The temporary structure was developed by the City of Helsinki as a meanwhile space during a three-year renovation of the neighbouring Finlandia Hall, designed by legendary Finnish architect Alvar Aalto in 1962.


▲ 这些树都是从赫尔辛基郊外的森林里单独挑选出来的
The trees were individually selected from a forest outside Helsinki

小芬兰大厅（Little Finlandia）的预计使用寿命为50年，在2024年底这座建筑完工之后，其木制模块将被转移到其他地方，用于作为学校或日托中心。
这座建筑的设计唤起了人们对乡村本土的记忆。

With an expected lifespan of 50 years, Little Finlandia's wooden modules will be transported elsewhere and re-assembled for the building to be used as a school or day-care centre once the work on Finlandia Hall completes in late 2024.
The building was designed to evoke a sense of the country itself.


▲ Torvinen为建筑提供了一个简单的布局，削弱了树木的不规则感
Torvinen gave the building a simple layout to offset the irregular aesthetic of the trees

Torvinen告诉Dezeen：“当我开始设计小芬兰大厅的时候，我就开始思考理念，在我看来，森林是与芬兰联系最紧密的元素。”

大量生长在芬兰的苏格兰松树能够激发起人们对Akseli Gallen Kallela画作的记忆，其作品通常被认为与这个斯堪的纳维亚人的民族身份密切相关。

"When I started designing Little Finlandia I started thinking what comes to my mind from Finlandia," Torvinen told Dezeen. "In my mind, the forest was the strongest connection to Finnishness."
Scots pines, plentiful in Finland, were selected to evoke the paintings of Akseli Gallen-Kallela, whose works are often considered to be closely associated with the Scandinavian country's national identity.


▲ 一个木制的露台环绕着这座建筑
A wooden terrace runs the perimeter of the building

这些承重树干是由Torvinen、阿尔托大学的Pekka Heikkinen教授和建筑师 Elli Wendelin花费两天从赫尔辛基郊外约90公里Loviisa森林齐腰深的雪地中分别挑选出来的。

他们尽可能地保留了树枝，并通过压力机清洗除去树皮，只需进行最小程度的加工。

The load-bearing trees were individually selected from a forest in Loviisa about 90 kilometres outside Helsinki by Torvinen, professor Pekka Heikkinen of Aalto University and architect Elli Wendelin during a two-day expedition through waist-height snow.
They were felled without damaging their branches and pressure-washed to remove the bark, with minimal further processing.


▲ 该结构的设计便于拆卸和在另一个地方重建。图片来源:Mika Pollari
The structure is designed to be easy to dismantle and rebuild at another location. Photo is by Mika Pollari

分支最多的部分用于小芬兰的大厅和柱廊，而分支较少的部分用于活动大厅，避免造成视线障碍。

为了克服树枝的不规则性，这座2200平方米的建筑的形状是一个简单的矩形。

Those with the most branches were used in Little Finlandia's lobby and colonnade, while those with fewer offshoots were used in the events halls to avoid causing obstructions.
To counter the irregularity of the branches, the shape of the 2,200-square-metre building is a simple rectangle.


▲ 在相邻的芬兰大厅的翻修工程中，小芬兰厅被用作临时活动空间。照片来源：Mikko Raskinen
Little Finlandia is being used as a temporary event space during renovation works on the adjacent Finlandia Hall. Photo is by Mikko Raskinen

一个130米长的木质露台与整个玻璃墙建筑相邻，该建筑于3月开业，北面有一家咖啡馆，俯瞰着Tölönlahti湾。

这座建筑拥有可举行1100人会议或800人晚餐的空间，可用于政府研讨会、音乐会和俱乐部之夜等相关场合。

其未来的拆卸工程已纳入设计中，接缝清晰可见，并有可能在重新组装后添加隔墙或将建筑物的占地面积调整为L形。

Torvinen解释说：“简约是一种美学选择，可以更加突出整棵树的有机形状。同时，就可拆卸和可重建性而言，这是一种结构性和实用性的选择。”

A 130-metre wooden terrace borders the entire glass-walled building, which opened in March, with a cafe looking out over Töölönlahti bay to the north.
Little Finlandia, or Pikku-Finlandia in Finnish, has space to hold a meeting of up to 1,100 people or a dinner for 800, with adaptable spaces that can be used for anything from government seminars to concerts and club nights.
Its future dismantling has been incorporated into the design, with joints left visible and the possibility of adding partition walls or adapting the building's footprint into an L-shape upon reassembly.
"Simplicity was an aesthetic choice to highlight even more the organic shapes of the whole trees," explained Torvinen. "At the same time, it was structural and a practical choice in terms of disassembly and rebuildability."


▲ 室内使用树枝较少的树干，以避免造成障碍
Trees with fewer branches were used indoors to avoid causing obstructions

Torvinen声称，使用整棵树作为支柱比集成木材和交叉层压木材等工程木材产品的碳排放影响更小，因为它们需要更少的能源来生产，他还补充说，由于不存在其他物质和材料，再利用也更容易。

Torvinen说：“这些材料可以在其他建筑中使用，我很高兴看到更多的建筑利用大自然自身的工程作为结构，它们拥有更大的潜力。”

Using whole trees as pillars has a smaller carbon impact than engineered mass timber products such as glulam and cross-laminated timber because they require less energy to produce, Torvinen claimed, adding that reuse is also easier because other substances and materials are not present.
"I see no reason why this couldn't be used in other buildings," he said. "I would be happy to see more buildings utilizing nature's own engineering and whole trees as structure. There is still much more potential than what we use now."


▲ 可适应的空间可以用作从会议厅到夜总会的任何场景。照片来源：Mikko Raskinen
The adaptable space can be used as anything from a conference hall to a nightclub. Photo by Kimmo Raisanen

赫尔辛基市的目标是减少建筑建造对气候的影响，促进木材建筑和经济循环。

Torvinen与阿尔托大学的同学Wendelin和Havu Järvelä合作，在多方支持下，以Finlandia Forest为项目名称，进行了最终的设计。

The City of Helsinki has an ambition to reduce the climate impact of construction, promoting building with timber and the circular economy.
Torvinen developed the final design for the project under the working title Finlandia Forest in collaboration with fellow students Wendelin and Havu Järvelä while at Aalto University, with implementation support from Heikkinen as well as Helsinki studios Arkkitehdit NRT Oy and Arkitekturum.


▲ 一家咖啡馆俯瞰Tölönlahti湾
A cafe overlooks Töölönlahti bay

Heikkinen说：“尽管这种结构对工作组来说很新颖，但一切都进行得出奇地顺利。随着对临时建筑的需求越来越大，寿命要求也越来越长，我们从小芬兰大厅项目中学到的东西可以应用于新项目的设计。”

其他以不同方式结合树木材料应用的建筑项目包括Thomas Heatherwick在上海的1000棵树购物中心，而今年早些时候，麻省理工学院的研究人员使用废弃的树叉制作承重结构的接头。

图片：Mikael Linden unless otherwise stated

"Although this type of construction was new for the workgroup, everything went surprisingly well," said Heikkinen. "There is an ever-increasing need for temporary buildings, and for longer lifespans, too. The things we learnt from Little Finlandia can be applied to the design of new sites."
Other architecture projects that have incorporated trees in different ways include Thomas Heatherwick's 1,000 Trees shopping centre in Shanghai, while earlier this year MIT researchers used discarded tree forks to make load-bearing construction joints.
The photography is by Mikael Linden unless otherwise stated.