Photo © Iwan Baan with Ahang Ahmadi

阿尔戈工厂：由ASA-North设计的当代艺术博物馆和文化中心
Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture - North

由专筑网江鹏，小R编译

德黑兰的部分地区响应了新一代艺术家和艺术爱好者对聚集、社交和创作空间的需求，将丰富的历史建筑和旧建筑变成充满活力的咖啡店和新画廊。

阿尔戈工厂（Argo Factory）：当代艺术博物馆和文化中心就是这样一个场所，一个拥有近100年历史的废弃工厂，在艺术赞助人Hamidreza Pejman购买并将其改造为当代艺术博物馆和画廊空间后，焕发出新的生命。该项目由位于纽约的ASA North建筑事务所领衔，在德黑兰的分部负责设计实施。阿尔戈工厂已经成为这个拥有1400万人口的复杂城市结构中的艺术胜地。

阿尔戈工厂曾是一家酿酒厂，位于“德黑兰的心脏”12区附近，拥有这座城市中最珍贵的老建筑。“阿尔戈”是曾经在那里酿造出啤酒的名字，位于传奇的费尔多西广场(Ferdowsi Square)以北，Lalehzar街以东，仅仅隔着几个街区。Lalehzar街是当代伊朗戏剧的发源地。在20世纪早期至中期，伊朗艺术家、作家和知识分子经常光顾附近著名的Naderi咖啡馆。

1978年伊斯兰革命之后，除了一些古老的宫殿和博物馆，该地区的大部分剧院和娱乐场所都关闭了，这片社区就从上流社会区变成了商业和旅游的中心。但是，几十年后，复兴德黑兰历史建筑的运动开始兴起，老建筑得以改造成咖啡馆和画廊。为了给艺术基金会找个办公的地方，佩曼（Pejman）找到了阿尔戈工厂（Argo Factory），那里有砖砌建筑、高高的天花板和77英尺高的烟囱。他说：“它拥有伊朗画廊所缺乏的东西，因为在它广阔的空间里可以展示大型艺术品。”

Enriched with historic houses and old buildings turned into vibrant coffee shops and new galleries, revitalized parts of Tehran are responding to an emerging generation of artists and art seekers looking for spaces to gather, socialize, and create. Argo Factory: Contemporary Art Museum & Cultural Centre is one such venue, a nearly 100-year-old abandoned factory that has found a new life after art patron Hamidreza Pejman bought and transformed the building into a museum and gallery space for contemporary art. The project was led by Ahmadreza Schricker Architecture – North (ASA North), a New York–based practice with a satellite office in Tehran. Argo Factory has become a notable destination within the complex urban fabric of the megacity inhabited by 14 million people.
Once a brewery, Argo Factory was built in the District Twelve neighborhood, known as the “heart of Tehran,” with some of the most treasured old buildings in the city. Argo (the name of the beer once made there) is a few blocks from the legendary Ferdowsi Square to the north and Lalehzar Street, the birthplace of contemporary Iranian theater, to the east. During the early to mid-20th century, Iranian artists, writers, and intellectuals frequented the famous Naderi Café nearby.
Following the 1978 Islamic revolution, most of the area’s major theaters and entertainment venues closed, except for the old palaces and museums, as the neighborhood changed from an upper-class district to a commercial and tourist center. But, decades later, the movement to regenerate Tehran’s historic fabric took hold, and the old buildings began to be converted to cafés and galleries. Pejman, looking for a place for his art foundation, found Argo Factory, with its brick architecture, high ceilings, and 77-foot-tall chimney. “It had what I felt was lacking in Iranian galleries,” he says, because large-sized artwork could be displayed within its expansive space.


Photos © Iwan Baan with Ahang Ahmadi, click to enlarge.

1970年，由于环境问题被迫关闭的阿尔戈工厂闲置遗弃，部分墙壁和屋顶被拆除下来用作建筑材料，使得工厂顶部开敞。ASA North团队在概念设计阶段就与北卡罗莱纳州的Hobgood建筑事务所合作，于2016年开始翻新，在保持承重砖墙建筑旧外观的同时，插入新的基础和结构。建筑师创造了独特的屋顶：现浇混凝土形成五种不同的倾斜形式，类似于附近建筑“锡屋顶”的模式。这种屋顶原本是用黄铜包裹，但由于2019年对伊朗的经济制裁和汇率飙升，设计团队决定混凝土是黄铜最实惠的替代品。ASA North的负责人Ahmadreza Schricker将屋顶称为“帽子”，它漂浮在建筑最高体量上方20英寸的地方。每顶帽子顶部都有一个天窗，照亮下面的画廊，并在外层和内层之间容纳了新的机械和电气系统。

Argo Factory—forced shut in 1970, due to environmental concerns—had been left derelict, with parts of the walls and roof pilfered for building materials, leaving it open to the sky. The ASA North team, which collaborated with Hobgood Architects of North Carolina in the conceptual-design phase, began renovations in 2016 by inserting a new foundation and structure while keeping the old skin of the load-bearing brick building. The architects created a distinctive roof: five varied pitched forms of cast-in-place concrete, resembling the pattern of the tin roofs of nearby buildings. These were to be clad with brass, but because of the 2019 economic sanctions on Iran and the soaring exchange rate, the design team determined concrete to be the most affordable substitute. Referred to as “hats” by ASA North principal Ahmadreza Schricker, the roofs float 20 inches above the top-level volumes of the building. Each hat has a skylight at the top, illuminating the galleries below, and houses the new mechanical and electrical systems between the outer and inner layers.


Photos © Iwan Baan with Keyvan Radan


Photos © Iwan Baan with Ahang Ahmadi

在建设过程中，钢材价格的突然上涨也意味着另一种解决方案。Ahmadreza Schricker说：“一开始，我们指定了钢柱，但当经济制裁发生时，我们便无法负担，所以我们不得不重新设计剩余的剪力墙结构，才能完成这个项目。”

Midconstruction, the sudden rise of steel prices also meant an alternative solution. “At first, steel columns were specified, but when the sanctions happened, we could no longer afford to buy them. So we had to redesign the rest of the structure out of shear walls to be able to finish the project,” says Schricker.


Photo © Iwan Baan with Ahang Ahmadi

尽管面临经济挑战，该团队还是在2019年完成了改造，阿尔戈工厂于2020年1月向公众开放。可使用空间从改造前的5000平方英尺两层空间扩展到超过20000平方英尺的三层气候控制空间。游客可以通过中央庭院和室外画廊进入建筑一楼的主要接待区。这一层还拥有两个画廊空间，一个咖啡馆和一个艺术品商店。通过一个戏剧性的曲线楼梯通向二楼另外两个开放的画廊。结构工程师Behrang Bani Adam设计了这一功能，将其作为一个现场浇筑的混凝土元素，不到10英寸厚。为了在画廊中创造舒缓无缝的流动空间，ASA North设计团队通过略微倾斜地板，将位于不同水平标高的南部画廊与北部画廊连接起来。一部椭圆形的电梯和楼梯将北画廊和地面连接，由此完成了博物馆的流线构思。

Despite the economic challenges, the team completed the renovation in 2019, and Argo Factory opened to the public in January 2020. The previously occupiable space was expanded from 5,000 square feet on two levels to more than 20,000 square feet of climate-controlled spaces on three levels. Visitors enter the ground floor through a central courtyard/outdoor gallery, which faces the main reception area. This level also holds two gallery spaces, a café, and an art store. A dramatic curved staircase wends its way up to two other flexible galleries on the second floor. Structural engineer Behrang Bani Adam designed this feature as one poured-in-place concrete element, less than 10 inches thick. To create a seamless flow through the galleries here, ASA North slightly sloped the floor to connect the southern gallery to the northern gallery, which were at uneven levels. An oval-shaped elevator and a second staircase connect the northern gallery to the ground floor, completing the museum loop.


Photos © Iwan Baan with Ahang Ahmadi

地下室包含一个画廊、一个演艺室和一个档案室，其中存放着阿尔戈旧啤酒瓶等物品。三楼有一间带室外观景台的VIP房间，以及业主的一间私人工作室公寓。位于一层的咖啡吧拥有不含酒精的生啤，紧邻一个为常驻艺术家设计的椭圆形工作室。Ahmadreza Schricker说：“所有新植入的元素都是曲线的，酒吧是弯曲的，楼梯、接待处、电梯和艺术家驻地，将新的元素与已有的东西区分开来。”

The basement contains another gallery, a performance room, and an archive where objects such as old Argo beer bottles are kept. A V.I.P. room with an outdoor observation deck and a private studio apartment for the owner are on the third floor. The ground floor café—serving nonalcoholic draft beer—is adjacent to a cast-in-place oval-shaped studio for an artist in residence. “All the new insertions are curved,” says Schricker. “The bar is curved, the stairs, the reception, the elevator, and the artist residency, distinguishing them from what was already there.”


Photos © Iwan Baan with Ahang Ahmadi

项目经理Mona Jan-Ghorban说：“色调主要是砖色，新的钢结构被涂成黑色，还有添加的混凝土结构。”现浇混凝土楼板支撑着地面上方的拱形砖天花板。现存的砖墙被保留下来，并在需要的地方按照原来的佛兰德形制进行了图案填充。Ahmadreza Schricker说：“从砖层的细微差别中可以辨别出建筑的历史，可以明显看出每个建筑师或建造者对不同的砂浆有着相同的使用模式。通过砂浆，你可以看到新旧的区别。”

“The palette is mainly brick, the new steel structure painted in black, and the added concrete structures,” says project manager Mona Jan-Ghorban. The cast-in-place concrete-slab floors support a suspended vaulted-brick ceiling above the ground level. The existing brick walls were kept and filled in where needed in the original Flemish pattern. The history of the building is evident in the slight differentiation of the brick layers: “Each architect or builder used the same pattern with different mortar. The mortar is where you can see what’s old and what’s new,” says Schricker.


Photos © Iwan Baan with Ahang Ahmadi

阿尔戈工厂开业仅一个月就爆发了新型冠状病毒疫情，在过去的两年里，该建筑曾多次被关闭。最初的目标是为国际文化交流创造一个空间，但当疫情大流行，旅行被限制迫使计划改变，该基金会主要与当地艺术家合作，同时为全球节目开发了虚拟工作室。现在，画廊再次开放，游客可以参观展览，也可以在咖啡吧驻足，享受一个牢牢保留着过去时光的独特社区。

Covid-19 broke out just one month after Argo Factory opened, and the building had to close several times over the last two years. The initial goal was to create a space for international cultural exchange, but pandemic travel restrictions forced a change in plans; the foundation works mostly with local artists while developing a virtual studio for global programming. Now the galleries are open again for visitors to see an exhibition or stop by the café while enjoying a distinctive neighborhood that is firmly holding on to its aura of the past.





项目信息

建筑师：ASA North — Ahmadreza Schricker
首席建筑师：Mehdi Holakoui, job captain; Mona Jan-Ghorban
项目经理：Amin Mahdavi
特别顾问/背景：Baran Agha-khani, Jackie Woon Bae, Sahar Deh-kordi, Sarvin Fayyaz-Najafi, Foutros, Farzin Mojaver, Ilia Mohamadi, Mona Hooshmand, Afif Rahmani, Adel Saremi, Masoud Vaezi, Avisa Yazdani, Ghazal Zamani, Mohammad-Gholi Zolfagahri, design team

合作架构师（概念）：Hobgood Architects— Patrick Hobgood, principal; Michael Darby, John Durkee, Cam Fuller, David Ji, Chris Lacy, Laura Peaff, Alan Tin, design team; Robert Macia, structure

工程师：Behrang Bani-Adam (structural); Alireza Mir-Taheri (m/e/p); Aydin Afshar (electrical)
总承包商：Vandad Development
顾问：Oana Stanescu (design advisor); The SEED with Noorsaform (lighting design); Kimia (waterproofing); Reza Zolfaghari (vertical transportation); Barad (paint & finishes); Mehdi Movaghar, Saba Yazdjerdi (client representation); Rasin-Sazeh (structural fabrication and installation); Arman-Sazeh (glazing)
客户：Pejman Foundation
尺寸：20345平方英尺
费用：300万美元
竣工日期：2019年12月
混凝土：Brutal Beton
油漆、污渍和墙面饰面：Barad
门窗：Frame Group (wood); Reflex Workshop; Absokoun (glazing)
金属制造商：Rashidi Group
砖石建筑：Fatei Group
灰泥：Tehrani Group

Credits
Architect:
ASA North — Ahmadreza Schricker, lead architect; Mehdi Holakoui, job captain; Mona Jan-Ghorban, project manager; Amin Mahdavi, special advisor/context; Baran Agha-khani, Jackie Woon Bae, Sahar Deh-kordi, Sarvin Fayyaz-Najafi, Foutros, Farzin Mojaver, Ilia Mohamadi, Mona Hooshmand, Afif Rahmani, Adel Saremi, Masoud Vaezi, Avisa Yazdani, Ghazal Zamani, Mohammad-Gholi Zolfagahri, design team

Collaborating Architect (Concept): Hobgood Architects— Patrick Hobgood, principal; Michael Darby, John Durkee, Cam Fuller, David Ji, Chris Lacy, Laura Peaff, Alan Tin, design team; Robert Macia, structure
Engineers: Behrang Bani-Adam (structural); Alireza Mir-Taheri (m/e/p); Aydin Afshar (electrical)
General Contractor: Vandad Development
Consultants: Oana Stanescu (design advisor); The SEED with Noorsaform (lighting design); Kimia (waterproofing); Reza Zolfaghari (vertical transportation); Barad (paint & finishes); Mehdi Movaghar, Saba Yazdjerdi (client representation); Rasin-Sazeh (structural fabrication and installation); Arman-Sazeh (glazing)

Client: Pejman Foundation
Size: 20,345 square feet
Cost: $3 million
Completion Date: December 2019

Sources
Concrete:Brutal Beton

Paint, Stains, & Wall Finishes: Barad
Windows & Doors: Frame Group (wood); Reflex Workshop; Absokoun (glazing)
Metal Fabricator: Rashidi Group
Masonry: Fatei Group
Plaster: Tehrani Group