Image © Christian Richters
Architectural Salvage: Cultural Hotspots using Adaptive Reuse
由专筑网K&C，小R编译
人类世界的曙光使适应性再利用理念成为众人瞩目的焦点，并助力城市激活更新达到顶峰。理念利用具有历史和文化价值的现有建筑物，重新赋予建筑功能作用。本质上讲，这是一种对建筑的抢救行为、是一种具有可持续和可行性的重建方式。
最近发生的诸如疫情等事件凸显出城市景观公平问题，以及抢救废弃失修状态建筑工作的不足。适应性再利用理念对这类区域作出补救，并创造新的文化热点，鼓励公众活动，并创造出活力健康的多功能环境。
以下是基于适应性再利用理念所形成的不同文化热点选编：
The dawn of the Anthropocene has thrown the idea of adaptive reuse into the limelight: effectively the pinnacle of urban regeneration and revitalization. It utilizes the presence of existing buildings with historic and cultural value and re-purposes them to be functional. Essentially a form of architectural salvage; a sustainable and viable means of rebuilding.
Recent events such as the pandemic has highlighted inequalities in our cityscape, the inadequate segments in a state of disuse and disrepair. Adaptive reuse can replenish these areas and create new cultural hotspots, encouraging activity and creating vibrant and healthy mixed-use environments.
Below is a diverse selection of cultural hotspots using Adaptive Reuse
斯图加特车棚文化中心 / Atelier Bruckner
Wagenhallen Stuttgart Cultural Center / Atelier Bruckner
Image © Daniel Stauch
这栋拿下大奖的文化中心原为19世纪后期建造的一组车棚。如今它已转变为重要的文化场所，为城市提供音乐会等集会空间。原有建筑的精髓和骨架保留了下来，窗户等部件则根据需要进行了更换，原本的车棚结构所具有的宽敞空间在使用时具有出色的声音效果和灵活性。
This award winning cultural center was previously a series of locomotive sheds built during the late 1800’s. Today it acts as an important cultural venue offering a concert and event space. The essence and skeleton of the original building remains, whilst features such as the windows have been replaced as required. The vast spaces offered by its original construction, provide excellent acoustics and flexibility in terms of usage.
Image © Michael Reiner
建筑重新利用了原始结构所具备的潜力，将这个废弃的场所激活为热闹的公共活动空间。建筑立面犹如一幅鲜活的历史挂毯，展示着不同时期的不同砖砌外观。事实证明，对这栋几近拆除的建筑进行的抢救工作取得了巨大的成功，不仅容纳了斯图加特的独特场景，还传承了城市历史风貌。
It has repurposed the potential the original structure had to offer and has activated this disused segment into a bustling hive of activity. The façade appears as if to be a rich historic tapestry, displaying a range of different brickwork from different time periods. Almost a subject of demolition this salvage project has proved to be a huge success, housing Stuttgart’s creative scene and maintaining its historic character.
中世纪博物馆 / McCullough Mulvin Architects
Medieval Mile Museum / McCullough Mulvin Architects
Image © Christian Richters
作为一座被重新改造为博物馆的中世纪教堂，这个特殊的建筑项目既体现了保护具有历史价值的建筑元素的重要性，又具备了满足当今需求的新功能。建筑凭借引人入胜、并令人身临其境的展览空间成为交织历史和当下的经典案例，从残缺中创造新生和吸引力。
As a medieval church rediscovered as a museum, this particular project establishes the importance of conserving elements of architecture with historic value, yet it provides it with a new purpose relevant to present day needs. A wonderful example of the past and present intertwining to create an immersive and engaging exhibition space. Creating new and exciting opportunities out of the debilitated.
Image © Christian Richters
为了扩大博物馆空间，原有的部件如13世纪的圣坛和走廊得以重建。有些改造是建立在原始基础上的，但随着时间的推移，这些基础已经不存了。建筑内部是一个光线充足、足够宽敞的展览空间，内有一些来自爱尔兰中世纪历史的精美遗迹。这块曾经的废墟，现在是当地人和游客的热门打卡地。
Original features such as the 13th century chancel and aisle have been reconstructed with lead in order to extend the museum space. These reconstructions have been based upon original foundations, which have since disappeared over time. The interior acts as a well lit, vast exhibition space housing some very beautiful remnants of Ireland's medieval past. Once a place of ruins, it is now a popular location with both locals and tourists.
柏林电影制片厂 / MVRDV
Atelier Gardens / MVRDV
Image Courtesy of MVRDV
以适应性再利用方法进行的可持续性改造案例，还有MVRDV对柏林联盟电影工作室 (BUFA)和电视台制片厂的振兴项目。出于其历史性质，原本的制片厂已经被证明过时，并没有为电影领域带来任何收益。该方案旨在将场地改造为具有生物多样性、欣欣向荣的大学校园，建立一系列办公室和工作室的配套设施。
An ongoing transformation through methods of adaptive reuse includes MVRDV’s revitalization of the Berliner Union Film Ateliers (BUFA) film and television studios in Berlin. Due to its historic nature the original studios prove to be outdated and pose no benefit in regards to the realms energy. The proposal seeks to transform the site into both a bio-diverse and thriving campus environment, offering a range of office and studio amenities.
Image Courtesy of MVRDV
由于是对部分工作室进行改造振兴，MVRDV用更可持续的重建方法进行了最小的改动，其中的本质目的不完全只是为了延长建筑寿命而进行重建，相反的，作出有益的点缀，如植物覆盖的木质框架，添加花园等亲近自然的组件，将为这个曾经繁荣的场地提供更可持续的未来愿景。
In regards to part of the studios revitalization, minimal alterations are to be made as a nod to more sustainable methods of rebuilding – essentially not rebuilding at all to lengthen the life of the original structure. However, beneficial additions including a plant-clad wooden frame, offering insulation and the implementation of biophilic components such as gardens, will offer a more sustainable vision for the future of this once thriving environment.
贝浩登画廊/ Peterson Rich Office
Perrotin Gallery / Peterson Rich Office
Image © Guillaime Ziccarelli
画廊原本是位于下东区的贝肯斯坦大楼，建于1890 年，这个特殊的适应性再利用案例在近年来得到了很大的提升，一次又一次地强调技术对于建筑的改造。现在，这里是贝浩登画廊，与以前的住宅性质相比发生了巨大的变化。
Originally the Beckenstein building (1890) in the Lower East Side, this particular adaptive reuse project has evolved a great deal over the years, emphasizing how the technique allows for the reinvention of architecture time and time again. Today it is the Perrotin Gallery; a dramatic shift away from the previous residencies that resided here.
Image © Rafael Gammo
为了修改建筑结构以提供更多的画廊空间，原有拱门进行了重建并配备人工照明，解决自然光无法进入建筑的问题。这对于创造一个有效的展览空间至关重要，也强调了如何激发适应性再利用策略，尽管由于最初计划的挑战性还受到了争议。一楼的书店和屋顶花园，吸引了各种各样的游客，进一步丰富了街道中的活动。
To structurally modify the building to allow for more gallery space, the arches were rebuilt and fitted with artificial lighting, to respond to issues regarding the presence of natural light into the structure. This is crucial in terms of creating an effective exhibition space and highlights how adaptive reuse can be instigated, despite challenging altercations in original plans. The presence of a bookstore on the ground floor and a rooftop garden, draws in circulation from a range of diverse visitors, further implementing increased activity in the street scene.
旧金山艺术学院 / LMS Architects
San Francisco Art Institute / LMS Architects
Image © Bruce Damonte
原本的梅森堡美军仓库改造成了旧金山艺术学院的新校区。该项目利用原有的建筑资源，将场地重建为文化地标，在保留当地特色的同时提供了一种可持续的再生方式。
This Fort Mason U.S. army warehouse has been converted into a new campus for the San Francisco Art Institute. Using existing building resources and re-establishing the structure as a cultural landmark, the project offers a sustainable means of regeneration whilst maintaining local identity.
Image © Bruce Damonte
学院配备多个画廊和灵活的教育和展览空间，重点聚焦以艺术作为中心进行对社会有益的实践来丰富社区的设计理念。现代技术，例如光伏发电的增设，提供了建筑所有的能源需求。凭借出色的公众参与和可持续性的实践，学院的改造大受欢迎，吸引着多元化的人群。
Offering multiple galleries, flexible educational and exhibition spaces, it is heavily orientated on the idea of the center enriching the area with Art as a beneficial practice to society. Modern day technologies, such as the addition of photovoltaics, provides all energy requirements demanded by the building. With excellent accessibility and sustainable practices, it has proven to be an exciting transformation attracting a diverse audience.
台南之春 / MRVDV
Tainan Spring / MRVDV
Image © Daria Scagiola
在中国台南，有一座废弃的购物中心废墟蜕变成为城市中的天堂，一处逃离城市扩张的空间。对于这项特别具有挑战性的项目，MVRDV 反对拆除原有商圈，决定利用场地现有材料来激活这个停滞不前的城市景观区域。
The empty shell of a disused shopping center in Tainan, China has metamorphosed into a mid-city paradise, a space to escape the urban sprawl. A particularly challenging venture, MVRDV has disregarded the demolition of the original center and used existing materials to revitalize this otherwise stagnant area in the cityscape.
Image © Daria Scagiola
它现在呈现为一个活跃的片区，精心设计的水景为游客在炎热季节提供舒适感。遗留的混凝土框架提供了灵活性和可能性，组成设施和商业的适应空间。随着时间的推移，像游乐场和表演场地等等都将建立在现有设施的基础上，在昼夜的所有时间段吸引不同人群的使用。这个具备广泛多样性的适应性再利用项目，成为了最成功的激活发展和充满活力的多功能社区。
It now presents itself as an active quarter, meticulously designed with water features to provide comfort for visitors in the hotter seasons. The remnants of the concrete frame offers flexibility and possibility, allowing room for adaptation into facilities and commercial spaces. This over time will build upon existing amenities, which include playgrounds and a performance space. These attract varied usage, during all periods of the day and night. Adaptive reuse projects that offer extensive diversity become the most successful, developing active and vibrant mixed-use neighborhoods.
泰特现代美术馆 / Herzog & de Meuron
Tate Modern / Herzog & de Meuron
Image © Simone Graziano Panetto
或许，最出名的实践适应性再利用的成功案例，就是由旧的 Bankside 发电站改造成的伦敦泰特现代美术馆。这座美术馆是英国首都十分受欢迎的旅游景点，这里也已成为一个活跃而新鲜的社交中心。原来的岸边发电站自 1981 年以来就被废弃了，成为即将拆除的对象。Herzog & de Meuron事务所看到了这座巨大的“涡轮大厅”的可能性，它的流通性是成为文化聚会场所的潜力。
Perhaps the most notorious example of the successful implementation of adaptive reuse, is the transformation of the old Bankside power station into the Tate Modern Gallery in London. One of the most visited tourist attractions in the capital, it has become an active and exciting social hub. The original bankside power station had been disused since 1981. A candidate for demolition, Herzog & de Meuron saw opportunity in the monumental ‘turbine hall’, its circulation and its potential as a cultural meeting ground.
Image © Darrell Godliman
该建筑已经被改造成为城市景观中的现代主义标志，巨大的大厅用于艺术装置和展览。它所具备的鲜明的城市特征，用来突出建筑本身并反映其现代主义性质。从过时建筑到城市地标，这个特殊的项目反映出适应性再利用的潜力对废弃建筑空间环境中的效用，那就是挽救文化和历史特征，建筑新生……
The structure has been adapted into a modernist icon in the cityscape, making use of the vast hall for art installations and exhibitions. Its existing stark urban character has been utilized to highlight the works and reflect its contemporary nature. From obsolete to an icon, this particular project emphasizes the potential adaptive reuse can pose to our disused spaces in the built environment. Salvaging cultural and historic character to build anew…
|
|
