TW Ryan建筑事务所采用耐候钢材设计金字塔形住宅
TW Ryan Architecture clads pyramidal Montana house in weathering steel

由专筑网郑京，小R编译

美国加州的TW Ryan 建筑工作室宣布完成了其位于美国西部的耐野火住宅建设项目，该住宅外立面是用一种名为考顿钢（Corten steel）的耐候钢材建造的金字塔形屋顶，寓意山脉地形。

这座住宅名为“四顶屋”（Four Roof House），位于美国蒙大拿州（Montana）中部的偏远地区，是为一对夫妇设计的，他们希望拥有一座低成本维护的住宅，可以在此安度晚年。

California studio TW Ryan Architecture has completed a wildfire-resistant house in the American West that features a Corten steel exterior and pyramidal roofs that allude to the mountainous terrain.
Located in a remote part of central Montana, the Four Roof House was designed for a couple who wanted a low-maintenance home where they could age in place.


▲ “四顶屋”采用一种名为考顿钢（Corten steel）的耐候钢材作为外立面材料
Four Roof House features a Corten steel exterior

该项目的选址位于赫尔姆维尔镇（Helmville）附近的一片高地，可俯瞰一座湖泊。这样的选址为项目带来了一些挑战，比如多变的天气条件和附近野火的威胁。

TW Ryan 建筑工作室总部位于美国加利福尼亚北部，他们表示该地区的微气候以极端多变而闻名，包括30度的温度变化、野火和高降雪量，夏季的野花和丰富的野生动物给生活带来了些许缓解。

Their chosen site was a bluff overlooking a lake near the town of Helmville. The site came with challenges, such as fluctuating weather conditions and threats of wildfire.
"The micro-climate of the area is known for its harsh variability, including 30-degree temperature swings, wildfires and high snowfall, relived by summer months of wildflowers and abundant wildlife," said TW Ryan Architecture, which is based in northern California.


▲ TW Ryan建筑事务所为住宅设计了金字塔形房屋盖顶
TW Ryan Architecture topped the home with pyramidal roofs

设计团队的一个关键的设计目标是创建一座坚固的住宅，能够经受住不断变化的天气条件，同时能加强与周围独特自然景观环境的互动。

该团队设计了一个占地5000平方英尺（约465平方米）的住宅，其选址设计优先考虑了太阳的朝向和视野。住宅的一侧作了倾斜角度设计，为平面布局增添了动态感。

A key goal for the design team was to create a rugged home that could "withstand the ever-changing weather conditions, while reinforcing a refined engagement with the natural landscape of the unique site".
The team conceived a 5,000-square-foot (465-square-metre) dwelling that is sited in a way that prioritises solar orientation and views. One side of the home is set at an angle, adding a dynamic quality to the plan.


▲ 住宅的室内设计取用了橡木和石头等质朴材料装饰了明亮的房间
Inside, one finds bright rooms with earthy finishes such as oak and stone

房屋顶部采用了一系列金字塔形屋顶设计，模仿了周围的山脉。

工作室表示，受毗邻场地鲍尔·马歇尔（Bob Marshall）国家荒野区山脉的启发，四个帐篷形的屋顶像是自然地从下方不断变化的平面上升起。”

The house is topped with a series of pyramidal roofs that mimic the surrounding mountains.
"Inspired by the mountains of the Bob Marshall National Wilderness adjacent to the site, four tented roof peaks climb organically above a shifting floor plan below," the team said.


▲ 悬垂的大屋檐有助于保护房屋免受阳光直射
Large roof overhangs help shield the home from direct sunlight

宽大的屋檐有助于在炎热的季节遮挡直射阳光，同时允许冬季阳光进入室内。墙壁和屋顶则都采用了带有自然铜锈外观的耐候钢板。

Large roof overhangs help shield the home from direct sunlight during warm months while still enabling solar penetration during the winter.
Both the walls and roofs are wrapped in standing-seam weathering steel with a natural patina.


▲ 访客可通过玄关进入室内
Visitors enter via a mudroom

随着时间的推移，钢板饰面将同现场富含铜的岩石形成视觉上的连续性。同时，这种材质还有助于抵御野火。

设计团队表示：“考顿钢（Corten steel）不仅通过其自然形成的铜锈来记录季节的变化，还提供了一个保护外壳，防范了该地区常因闪电引发的野火。”

Over time, the steel cladding will provide visual continuity with the copper-rich rock outcroppings on the site. It also helps protect against wildfire.
"Corten steel not only registers the changing of seasons with its naturally forming patina, but also provides a protective shell from the wildfires often sparked by lightning strikes in the area," the team said.


▲ 钢板覆盖有助于防范野火
The steel cladding helps protect against wildfire

在住宅内部空间明亮温馨，采用橡木和石材等自然材质进行装饰。辐射供暖系统为住宅提供热量，新鲜空气则通过开启的窗户引入房屋。该团队表示：“每个可居住的空间都采用了自然通风设计，所有主要公共空间则至少有三扇可开启的窗户，来形成穿堂风。”

Within the dwelling, one finds bright rooms with earthy finishes such as oak and stone. A radiant system provides heat, and fresh air flows in through operable windows.
"Natural ventilation was incorporated into every inhabitable room, with all the primary public spaces having at least three operable windows to promote cross breezes," the team said.


▲ 住宅内部设计以中性色调为主
Neutral hues define the interior

位于西北侧的入口处设有储藏室和车库，这一区域通往住宅的中央部分，那里有两间卧室和一个公共区域。

位于东南侧的倾斜角度空间内设计了一个主卧套房，包括一间客厅和一个专为宠物狗设计的室外空间。

房子的中心是公共区域，设有开放式厨房、用餐区和起居室。一扇玻璃墙和滑动门提供了一个无缝的过渡，通往户外露台。

两个金字塔形屋顶位于公共区域上方，每个屋顶顶部都设置了一个天窗，引入自然光线。虽然人们更喜欢自然光线，但为了保护客户的艺术收藏品免受紫外线的伤害，精心管理了日光。

The entrance side, on the northwest, contains a mudroom and garage. This area leads toward the central portion of the dwelling, where one finds two bedrooms and the communal zone.
The offset, angled volume is on the southeast. It holds a primary bedroom suite, which includes a lounge and a dedicated outdoor space for dogs.
The heart of the house is the communal area, which features an open-plan kitchen, dining area and living room. A glazed wall and sliding door offer a seamless transition to an outdoor deck.
Two of the pyramidal roofs are set over the public area, and each is topped with a skylight that ushers in natural light. While the daylight is welcome, it needed to be carefully managed in order to protect the client's art collection from harmful UV rays.


▲ 住宅的中心设计了一个开放式厨房
An open-plan kitchen features at the heart of the home

为了应对这一需求，团队设计了金字塔形的光反射器，悬挂在拱形天花板的正下方。这个反射器的灵感来自于著名建筑师路易斯·康（Louis Kahn）设计的金贝尔艺术博物馆（Kimbell Art Museum）内部的翼形光反射器。

设计团队表示：“拱形天花板的表面被保持得干净整洁，以突出其体量，而一个金字塔形的结构在白天可以将阳光反射回拱顶上，夜晚则使用集成LED灯具模拟类似的自然光照氛围。”

In response, the team created pyramid-shaped light reflectors that hang just below the vaulted ceilings. The idea for the reflectors was inspired by the wing-shaped light reflectors found inside Louis Kahn's Kimbell Art Museum.
"The surfaces of the vaulted ceilings are kept clean, emphasising their volume, while a pyramidal form reflects the sunlight back onto the ceiling vaults during the day – and uses integrated LED fixtures to simulate a similar natural lighting atmosphere at night," the team said.


▲ 位于蒙大拿州中部的“四顶屋”住宅
Four Roof House is in central Montana

除了房屋之外，该项目还涉及到景观改造，例如种植当地的野花和野草。

设计团队表示：“客户因为美丽的自然环境选择了这个场地位置，所以维护和支持这个环境成为了设计的主要因素。”

Beyond the house, the project also involved landscape interventions, such as planting native wildflowers and field grasses.
"As the client chose the location of the site for the beauty of its natural environment, maintaining and supporting this environment became a driving factor in the design," the team said.





项目信息：

设计建筑师和主要建筑师：T.W. Ryan Architecture
建筑项目团队：Thomas Ryan（负责人），Luigi Grosso（项目经理）
室内设计师：Douglas Durkin Design
室内设计团队：Douglas Durkin，Greg Elich，Niluka de Pinto
总承包商：Lohss Construction
结构工程师：Salvetech Engineering
机械工程师：Energy 1
照明设计：Ambiance
摄影：Joe Fletcher

Project credits:
Design architect and architect of record: T.W. Ryan Architecture
Architect project team: Thomas Ryan (principal), Luigi Grosso, (project manager)
Interior designer: Douglas Durkin Design
Interior design team: Douglas Durkin, Greg Elich, Niluka de Pinto
General contractor: Lohss Construction
Structural engineer: Salvetech Engineering
Mechanical engineer: Energy 1
Lighting: Ambiance
The photography is by Joe Fletcher.