建筑设计： Kister Scheithauer Gross Architects And Urban Planners
地点：德国 弗莱堡
建筑负责人：Susanne Gross
项目负责人：Sandor Forgó
摄影：Christian Richters
设计团队：Adrian Betz, Jim Cassidy, Etienne Fuchs, Bastian Giese, Jörn Knop, Eric Mertens, Maren Meyer, Barbara Schaeffer, Nadeshda Sokolova, Dagmar von Strantz, Anja Strumpf, Nathan Ward, Nadine Willkomm, Klaus Zeller
结构：Dr. Wolfgang Naumann & Partner
Ha Technology:  Planerwerkstatt Hölken Berghoff
照明设计：Planungsgruppe Burgert
客户：Protestant Maria-Magdalena-Community

概念
双信仰教堂（新教和天主教），位于德国弗莱堡新区的中央广场。建筑内外墙皆是清水混凝土墙。建筑的每个空间都有不止一个出入口，这样就可以根据需要可以把可移动的内墙移到一侧，把有限的空间整合成为一个大的教堂空间。

建筑整体高度为13m，部分是通高单层空间，部分是4层。两堵长40m，呈自由几何形的墙（墙在某些部分折叠，向外或向内倾斜）限定了建筑的长度。西面的双层墙立面总厚度达到2m。深达2m的立面和倾斜的孔洞给教堂带来了奇特的光的感受。

所有的墙，包括室内的可移动的墙，都是清水混凝土的。可移动的墙高度平均8m左右，由电动马达制动。每面墙平均重约22吨。在修建时，这四堵墙先是在别处修建，然后由起重机跨过外墙把它们搭吊到其应该所在的滑轨上。

为了不在表面再加铺保温隔热层，所有的外墙都是单片的轻质骨料混凝土。为了起到保温隔热的作用，所有墙都达到了要求的40cm厚。施工单位的任务是，建造一个没有孔隙的，纯色的外立面，尽管构成它的轻质骨料混凝土具有很高的粘性，而且墙面还是倾斜的。它们另外一个任务是，把墙面拼接缝做的上下通高对齐。

施工
在满足力学体系的要求下，建筑有一套整体建构体系——B25轻质骨料混凝土的外立面保温隔热清水混凝土外墙，B25普通混凝土的其他结构墙。

根据建筑平面我们做了一个3维受力模型。我们在平面上仅呈现很有限的几个元素，每个都体现出墙的形状和质地。我们对地基所能承受的压力做了最大优化，结构精确地将受力传到地基土壤。

整体结构体系非常精确的将受力传到墙的节点上。更加精确地3-D受力模型是在受力计算的基础上建立的，通过它可以制造模板的3维几何形体面，这样施工单位就能更加准确的制造整个模板体系。

生产
为了用天然混凝土和骨料制造一种非常浅色的混凝土，而不加任何颜料，我们做了8个样本墙。在测试几何形体最复杂的墙的部分时，我们也运用了这些样本，比如说在向后倾斜的墙处。外墙分3部分，每部分高度大概在4.5m。

模板是在工厂用数字设备切割而成，组装成模块后整体被运送到施工现场。

因为2003年夏天特殊的高温，除了墙的厚度大之外，我们还需要装配临时的冷却水装置来解决混凝土蒸发变硬的问题。

设备工程
由城市供热提供的地面供热系统在建筑的每个房间都安装了。雨水收集装置扩大了建筑清洁用水系统中水的使用范围。

节能
弗莱堡是节能模范城市，所有公共建筑都需符合节能标准，按照弗莱堡的计算标准。他的要求是，在普通温度下，能源消耗不超过65 KWh/(m2a)。而现在教堂的耗能为59 KWh/(m2a)，显然他是符合标准的。

特别鸣谢翻译一组3号 刘扬慧提供的翻译，译稿版权归译者所有，转载请注明出处。

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Architects: Kister Scheithauer Gross Architects And Urban Planners
Location: Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Architect In Charge: Susanne Gross
Project Leader: Sándor Forgo
Photographs: Christian Richters

Design Team: Adrian Betz, Jim Cassidy, Etienne Fuchs, Bastian Giese, Jörn Knop, Eric Mertens, Maren Meyer, Barbara Schaeffer, Nadeshda Sokolova, Dagmar von Strantz, Anja Strumpf, Nathan Ward, Nadine Willkomm, Klaus Zeller
Structure: Dr. Wolfgang Naumann & Partner
Ha Technology: Planerwerkstatt Hölken Berghoff
Lighting Concept: Planungsgruppe Burgert
Client: Protestant Maria-Magdalena-Community

Concept
Two churches, one Protestant and one Catholic, have been erected in one building on the central square of a new district of the city of Freiburg, Germany. The building is designed in fair-faced concrete both on the inside and out. The design of the multi-aisle structure makes it possible to move the limiting inner walls of both churches to the side and then use the resulting area as an ecumenical church space.

The building, with an overall height of 13 metres, is partly a single-storey structure, progressing to four storeys at times. The length of the building is limited by two 40-metre long walls in a free geometrical form: the walls are slightly “folded“ at irregular intervals and are inclined inwards and outwards. In this geometry, the west wall is double-walled with a wall thickness of two metres. Together with the inclined embrasures, the thickness of the wall creates a marked light for the church area.

All the walls, including the interior walls which can be moved on rails, are made from fair-faced concrete. The moveable walls are approx. eight metres high and are moved by electric motors. Each wall weighs approx. twenty-two tons. These four walls were first constructed outside the actual building. With the aid of heavy-duty armatures, they were then hoisted by crane over the outer walls and set on the rails.

All the outer walls are made monolithically from lightweight aggregate concrete to avoid any necessary thermal insulating layer. The walls are approx. 40 centimetres thick to achieve the heat insulation values required.

The construction firm contracted had the task of creating an almost non-porous surface homogenous in colour despite the high viscosity of the lightweight aggregate concrete and the inclined form panels. Another requirement was to design the breaks in the walls in a single, continuous line over the overall height of the building.

Building Construction
In conjunction with the company responsible for statics, a hybrid building shell construction was developed, in other words a complex, static system made from B25 lightweight aggregate concrete for thermally insulating the exterior fair-faced concrete walls and from B25 normal concrete for the remaining supporting constructions.

A statics 3-D model was developed from the two-dimensional architectural plans. The floor plans were represented by finite elements, each comprising the shape and quality of the walls. The rigid structure distributes the load onto the lower foundation soil while making optimum use of the permitted foundation pressure. The overall system makes it possible to accurately  determine the carry-over forces to the construction joints of the walls. Further development on the 3-D model based on statics calculations meant that three-dimensional geometrical plans of the form panels could be created so that the construction firm contracted was able to reliably develop the form panel system.

Production
To create a very pale concrete from the natural colours of cement and aggregates without the addition of pigments, approx. eight sample walls were created. These samples were also used to test concreting the most geometrically complex parts, such as backwards-inclining walls. The outer walls were concreted in three sections with a height of approx. four and a half metres.

The form panels were cut at the factory using digital patterns and were delivered to the construction site in complete modules.

Due to the unusually high ambient temperatures (summer 2003), in conjunction with the large wall thickness, the hydration heat when setting the concrete resulted in temperatures which meant that temporary formwork water cooling was required.

Building Services Engineering
A floor heating system, powered by urban district heating, was installed in all the rooms. The rainwater reservoir deployed enhances the range of possible uses of the water in the sanitary facilities.

Energy Saving
As the city of Freiburg functions as a role model with regard to low-energy buildings, all public buildings are constructed in accordance with the Low Energy Building Standard as per the Freiburg calculation method. This results in a permitted thermal energy consumption value of 65 KWh/(m2a) for areas with normal temperature. The existing energy consumption is 59 KWh/(m2a) and thereby clearly meets the specifications.