Courtesy of Virgin Hyperloop One
Transit Futures: New Innovations Moving Transport Forward
由专筑网王雪纯，小R编译
随着自动驾驶技术的进步和城市人口的增长，人们开始重新设想道路运输和航空运输的形式。从公共交通到以用户为中心的出行服务，再到对监管和组织现状的重新思考，技术的进步带来了交通方式的发展。
Between advances in autonomous technology and urban population growth, transit is being reimagined on the street and in the air. From public transit transforming to more user-centric mobility services, to rethinking regulatory and organizational status quos, advances in technology are expanding transit opportunities in cities around the world.
Courtesy of Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG)
BIG建筑事务所在研究运输业的发展趋势时，发现在过去的两个世纪中，每隔50至70年运输业就会有一次创新和改革。从船舶和火车，再到汽车和飞机，这些进步改变了我们沟通、交易和联系的方式。自动驾驶则是当下的热门话题，在欧洲，像VAL系统和无人驾驶火车等技术每年服务近10亿乘客。
As BIG identified when looking at the evolution of transportation, there have been new innovations and shifts in the status quo every 50 to 70 years throughout the last two centuries. From ships and trains to automobiles and airplanes, these advances have changed the way we communicate, trade and connect to one another. Underpinning this conversation is the topic of autonomous mobility, where technologies like the VAL system and driverless trains account for nearly 1 billion passengers annually in Europe.
Courtesy of Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG)
如今，随着作为领头人的Virgin Hyperloop One和HyperloopTT超级高铁公司对运输业改革的倡导，关于Hyperloop（超高速城际运输，即“超级回路”）系统的讨论愈演愈烈。人们当前对城市、地理和资源的观念将因为这个系统所带来的的影响发生根本变化。与此同时，Uber和Volocopter等公司都把视角看向了天空，致力于设计和开发世界首个垂直交通系统和空中出租车枢纽。这些公司认为 “三维”将在未来为交通业打开新世界的大门。
从ArchDaily（建筑设计网站）的2019年统计趋势来看，人们对公共交通的兴趣同比增长了206％，而交通可达性同比增长了143％，高于私人交通工具。其中主要兴趣点是自动驾驶汽车（同比增长160％）和电动汽车（同比增长177％）。但这两种都只是大趋势中的一小部分。无论是将共享自行车视为一种大众出行方式，还是重审2016年臭名昭著的跨界公交车，城市和设计师们都在重新考虑当今人们的出行方式。有些公司已经将这些运输系统和技术变为现实，在未来几年，这些技术将重新定义交通、运输和运动方式。
Today, there is a lot of talk about the Hyperloop systems, with Virgin Hyperloop One and HyperloopTT emerging as the leading teams rethinking transportation. The implications are dramatic, where our current ideas and associations of cities, geography and resources will radically change. At the same time, companies like Uber and Volocopter are looking to the sky to design and develop the world's first vertiport and air taxi hubs around the world. Trying to anticipate the future of mobility, these companies believe the Third Dimension will open up new possibilities for disrupting transit.
Looking at ArchDaily’s 2019 trends, the interest in Public Transport grew 206% YoY, and Mobility went up over 143% YoY, an increase over private means of transport. The main points of interest were self-driving cars (+160% YoY) and electric cars (+177% YoY). These represent a small segment of a larger movement. Whether rethinking bike sharing as a form of mass transit, or hoping to bring back the infamous straddling bus of 2016, cities and designers are reconsidering how people move today. Companies are already bringing these transit systems and technologies to life, and over the next few years, mobility, public transit and movement will be redefined.
via Creative Commons
卢森堡成为第一个拥有免费公共交通的国家
卢森堡将成为世界上第一个实现所有公共交通工具免费的国家。新当选的总理Xavier Bettel和联合政府宣布他们将于明年夏天取消乘坐火车、电车和公车的收费。该举措意图减少碳足迹和交通拥堵，同时解决通勤问题。卢森堡是一个被比利时、德国和法国包围的内陆国家，有超过40万名通勤者从邻国来上班。今年，卢森堡开始为所有20岁以下的人提供免费交通服务。中学生还可以乘坐免费班车往返学校和家庭。卢森堡目前是欧盟中汽车数量最多的国家。
Luxembourg Becomes First Country to Make All Public Transit Free
Luxembourg is set to become the world's first country to make all of its public transportation free. The newly re-elected prime minister Xavier Bettel and the coalition government have announced that they will lift all fares on trains, trams and buses next summer. Taking aim at long commutes and the country’s carbon footprint, the new move hopes to alleviate some of the worst traffic congestion in the world. Landlocked by Belgium, Germany and France, Luxembourg has more than 400,000 commuters travelling in to work from neighboring countries. This year, Luxembourg started offering free transportation to everyone under the age of 20. Secondary school students have also been able to ride free shuttles between school and home. Luxembourg currently has the highest number of cars for its population in the European Union.
Courtesy of Virgin Hyperloop One
印度批准乘客超回路系统
马哈拉施特拉邦政府已将Virgin Hyperloop One公司视为一项公共基础设施项目，这将成为世界上最早的超级回路项目。该宣告认为超高铁技术与其他传统运输方式同样重要，这使得印度的超高铁交通系统更加接近现实。该项目名为Pune-Mumbai Hyperloop，能够在小于35分钟内将Pune中心与孟买连接起来，同等的路程在高速路上需要行驶3.5小时。
India Approves Passenger Hyperloop System
The Government of Maharashtra has deemed Virgin Hyperloop One a public infrastructure project, setting it up to become one of the first hyperloop projects in the world. The announcement brings the hyperloop transportation system in India closer to reality, recognizing hyperloop technology alongside other more traditional forms of mass transit. Dubbed the Pune-Mumbai Hyperloop, the project will link central Pune to Mumbai in under 35 minutes, as opposed to the current 3.5+ hours by road.
Courtesy of Uber
Uber 空中“Skyports”时代即将来临
Uber公司发布了其新时代共享出行项目的一系列未来构想图。 “ Uber Elevate”展示了2023年 “城市空中共享出行”新时代——人们可以按自己需求直接“打飞的”。在The Verge的报道中，Uber根据其未来愿景举办了一场竞赛，邀请各建筑事务所为其设计未来的“ Uber Air Skyports”。 Skyports包含位于整个城市中发射台和着陆点系统，以承载未来的“飞行出租车”服务。 2018年5月在洛杉矶举行Uber在第二届Elevate年度会议上公布了六家获奖的建筑事务所的设计方案，并透露在设计方案中，这些Skyports每小时可运送4000多名乘客。
Uber Flying “Skyports” Coming to a City Near You
Uber has unveiled images of its vision for the future of its revolutionary ride-sharing business. “Uber Elevate” seeks to herald in a new era of “urban aerial ridesharing” beginning in 2023 with customers able to hail a flight on-demand. As reported by The Verge, this future vision has seen Uber hold a competition inviting architecture firms to speculate on the “Uber Air Skyports” of tomorrow. The Skyports comprise a system of launchpads and landing sites throughout the urban landscape hosting a futuristic “flying taxi” service. At the company’s second annual Elevate conference in Los Angeles in May 2018, Uber revealed the winning designs from six firms, capable of transporting more than 4000 passengers per hour.
Courtesy of AN.ONYMOUS
阿布扎比将于2020年建成全球首款商用超级回路
HyperloopTT公司旗下的超级回路列车运输技术部发布了他们在阿布扎比建立世界上首个商用超级回路列车系统的计划细节。项目位于阿布扎比和迪拜之间的边界，紧邻阿勒马克图姆国际机场和2020年世博会场地，HyperloopTT公司预计以六英里（十公里）的基础设施建设开始，随后再将商用超级回路网络覆盖阿拉伯联合酋长国及其他地区。尽管磁悬浮超级回路的概念已经存在了数十年，但人们在最近几年才逐渐具备了构建操作系统的能力，从2013年Elon Musk向所有开发该技术的公司开放了知识产权之后这个概念才得以实现。项目实施与发展之后，超回路列车能以极高的速度完成运输，速度预计可达声速（760英里每小时）。超级回路能促进解决许多环境建设问题，比如人口膨胀、交通拥堵和环境污染。
World's First Commercial Hyperloop Coming to Abu Dhabi in 2020
Hyperloop Transportation Technologies (HyperloopTT) has released details of their plan to create the world’s first commercial Hyperloop system in Abu Dhabi. Situated on the border between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, in close proximity to both the Al Maktoum International Airport and World Expo 2020 site, the HyperloopTT will begin with the construction of six miles (ten kilometers) of infrastructure, with future development potentially creating a commercial Hyperloop network across the United Arab Emirates and beyond. While the concept of magnetically-levitating Hyperloop has existed for decades, the ability to construct an operational system has only emerged in recent years, spurred in 2013 by Elon Musk’s opening of intellectual property to any company which could develop the technology. If implemented and developed, the Hyperloop will connect people and goods at extremely high speeds, potentially up to the speed of sound (760mph), thus tackling key challenges facing the built environment, including overpopulation, traffic congestion, and pollution.
Courtesy of PYXID
连接中国和俄罗斯的世界首辆国际缆车
UNStudio赢得了全球首款跨境缆车的设计比赛，这条缆车横跨于连接俄罗斯和中国的阿穆尔河之上。缆车终点站的设计主题是布拉戈维申斯克和黑河两个城市之间的历史联系。新的缆车线旨在成为推动在两种文化之间建立社交联系的引擎，能在不到10分钟的时间内完成路程。项目共包括2条线路和4个车厢，每个车厢可容纳60名乘客，并有额外的行李放置空间。预估行程时间约为7分30秒，而实际行程时间为3分30秒。
World's First International Cable Car Connecting China and Russia
UNStudio has won the competition to design the world's first cross-border cable car to carry passengers across the Amur River connecting Russia and China. The Cable Car Terminal is designed as an expression of the historic connection between the two cities of Blagoveshchensk and Heihe. The new cable car line aims to become an engine for creating social connections between the two cultures and will connect the cities in less than 10 minutes. Comprising 2 lines and 4 cabins - each with a capacity of 60 passengers and extra space for luggage – journey time will be approximately 7:30 mins, while actual travel time will be 3:30 mins.
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