Nest“工具包”可用于建造无家可归者的收容所和保障性住房
Nest "toolkit" can be used to build homeless shelters and supportive housing

由专筑网麻雀，小R编译

加州公司Brooks + Scarpa和 Plant Prefab公布了低成本住房的概念，可用于城市的空闲用地。这种住房包括预制模块化单元，这些单元可以以各种结构布置。

Nest LivingHomes系统是为了面对美国城市住房成本和无家可归者数量的急剧上升，以及城市空地的再利用等问题。

该项目由洛杉矶Brooks + Scarpa建筑工作室和Plant Prefab工作室共同设计。

California firms Brooks + Scarpa and Plant Prefab have unveiled a low-cost housing concept for fallow urban sites, which comprise prefabricated, modular units that can be arranged in various configurations.
Envisioned for vacant or underutilised lots, the Nest LivingHomes system was created in response to the dramatic rise in housing costs and homelessness in Los Angeles and other US cities.
The project was conceived by LA architecture studio Brooks + Scarpa in collaboration with Plant Prefab, a design and construction firm in the nearby city of Rialto.


Brooks + Scarpa事务所和 Plant Prefab事务所创建的低成本住房概念，以应对住房危机／Brooks + Scarpa and Plant Prefab created the low-cost housing concept in response to the housing crisis

该设计系统由可堆叠组合的预制单元组成，旨在为多家庭住宅提供“灵活可变、成本低、质量高的解决方案”。该系统也为流浪汉提供了解决住所的办法。

“这个概念的一个主要目标是给无家可归者一种尊严感和共享的社交空间。”研究者说。

该系统是一套可拆卸的部件，包括可用于公共和私人功能的各种矩形模块。

Composed of stackable, prefabricated units, the design system is meant to offer a "scalable, cost-effective, high-quality solution to multi-family housing". In particular, the system offers a way to provide shelter for people living on the streets.
"A main goal for the concept was to give homeless people a sense of dignity and shared social spaces," the team said.
Envisioned as a kit of parts, the system comprises rectangular modules for both public and private functions.


这个系统名为“Nest”，它由模块化单元组成，可以像组件一样组装起来／Called Nest, the system comprises modular units that can be assembled like a kit of parts

根据当地的需求和条件，这些模块可以自由组装。一栋由Nest组成的建筑有5层楼高。

这种模块，可以根据客户的特定需求定制布局。

该系统特别适合于无家可归的人以及住在单身公寓（SRO）中的人。在这些建筑物中，房客只是拥有一间简单的卧室。但是，Nest设计也适用于具有更传统风格布局的公寓建筑。

The modules can be assembled in different configurations, depending upon local needs and conditions. A single Nest building can rise up to five storeys.
Within the modules, the layouts can be customised based on a client's specific needs.
The system is particularly well suited for homeless shelters and single-room occupancy (SRO) buildings, in which tenants rent a simple bedroom. But the Nest design also works for apartment buildings with more traditional-style layouts.


团队创建了三种不同的模型，名为BlueJay、Dove和Osprey（从左到右），帮助表达Nest概念／The team created three different models, named BlueJay, Dove and Osprey (left to right), to help convey the Nest concept

Brooks + Scarpa事务所的主管Angie Brooks说：“就像鸟类的筑巢习惯一样，工具包也是基于人们不同的生活方式的选择，目的是为每个人提供负担得起的住所。”

为了更好表达概念，研究小组创建了三种不同的模型，每一种都以一种鸟类的名字命名。所有的模型都是一个50乘150英尺的围合空间（15乘46米），这是洛杉矶典型的居住尺寸。

其中一种名为Bluejay的模型被设计成一间临时避难所，可容纳224人。居住空间约为11×28英尺（3.4×8.5米），可容纳多张床。

"Like the nesting habits of birds, the toolkit is based on the different ways people live with the objective of giving everyone an affordable place to live," said Angie Brooks, managing principal at Brooks + Scarpa.
To help convey their concept, the team has created three different models, each named after a bird species. All of the schemes are envisioned for a 50-by-150 foot parcel (15 by 46-metres) – a typical lot size in LA County.
One model, called the Bluejay, is designed to serve as a temporary shelter that can house up to 224 people. Rooms are approximately 11 by 28 feet (3.4 by 8.5 metres) and can hold multiple beds.


Bluejay的设计是一个临时的避难场所，最多可容纳224人／Bluejay is designed to serve as a temporary shelter that can house up to 224 people

另一种模式，Dove，被设想为永久住房与配套的服务设施。它包括公共空间和48间卧室。第三种模式，Osprey，也作为永久住房，包括工作室、一居室或两居室的公寓，以及私人厨房和浴室。

Nest有各种共享空间的模块，包括厨房、洗衣房、淋浴设施和卫生间。这些模块是“为在没有办法直接实现这些功能的情况下而设计的”。

研究者说：“我们已经为商用设备提供了资源，为这些设备提供饮用水供应、灰色和黑色储水以及能源发电设施，这些设备都安装在自给自足的预制组件中。”

Another model, the Dove, is envisioned as permanent housing with support services. It encompasses communal spaces and up to 48 bedrooms. The third model, the Osprey, also functions as permanent housing and contains studio, one- or two-bedroom apartments, along with private kitchens and bathrooms.
There are modules for a variety of shared spaces, including kitchens, laundry rooms, shower facilities and restrooms. These modules are "designed to operate with our without direct utility connections".
"We have already resourced commercially available equipment that provides potable water supply, gray and black water storage, and energy generation, which are housed in self-sufficient, prefabricated modules," the team said.


同时，Dove，被设想为永久房屋，并提供服务设施／The Dove version, meanwhile, is envisioned as permanent housing with support services

结构体系将由木制的承重框架组成。该标准模块有金属或水泥的墙板，但外部和内部可以定制。

彩色的立面面板可由客户自由选择。同时还可以选择屋顶花园，特别是在地面水平有限的情况下。

这些模块将在Rialto的Plant Prefab工厂使用专利技术建造，然后运往建筑工地。据该小组称，这一方式“将施工时间缩短一半，大大降低了项目成本”。

“我们知道人们因难以负担得起的住房的问题而感到沮丧。”公司创始人兼CEO Steve Glenn说，“预制施工可以帮助提升进度。”

The structural system would consist of wooden, load-bearing frames. The standard module has either metal or cement-board siding, although exterior and interior finishes can be customised.
Colourful facade panels are among the accents that a client can choose from. A rooftop garden can also be incorporated, particularly if open space is limited at ground level.
The modules would be constructed in Plant Prefab's factory in Rialto using patented techniques, and would then be transported to the building site. This process "cuts the construction timeline in half and significantly reduces project costs", according to the team.
"We know that people are frustrated by the slow pace of solutions for affordable housing," said company founder and CEO Steve Glenn. "Prefab construction can help increase the pace."


Osprey有工作室、一间或两间卧室的公寓，以及私人厨房和浴室／Osprey contains studio, one- or two-bedroom apartments, along with private kitchens and bathrooms

为了吸引开发商和住房机构，Nest系统旨在帮助无家可归者和低收入租户融入社区。

“Nest LivingHomes工具包基于这样一种概念，即无家可归者的住房应该分散在各个地区，而不是将住房集中在一个社区。”研究者说。

2018年，该团队从洛杉矶获得100万美元的赠款（777，300英镑），作为其住房创新挑战的一部分。下一个工具包预计将用于即将在加州圣莫尼卡的一个住房项目中。

美国的其他社会住房有LOHA在洛杉矶设计的一座住宅建筑群，其特色是白色立面、外部区域和倾斜绿色屋顶。该项目名为MLK 1101，在2019年Dezeen奖中被评为年度住房项目。

Aiming to attract developers and housing agencies, the Nest system is meant to help homeless and low-income tenants get integrated into all types of neighbourhoods.
"The Nest LivingHomes toolkit is grounded in the belief that housing for the homeless should be scattered throughout regions, rather than having housing concentrated in one community," the team said.
In 2018, the team won a $1 million grant (￡777,300) from LA County as part of its Housing Innovation Challenge. The Next toolkit is expected to be utilised for an upcoming housing project in Santa Monica, California.
Other social housing in the US includes a residential complex in Los Angeles by LOHA, which features white facades, exterior circulation and a sloped green roof. The project, called MLK1101, was named housing project of the year in the 2019 Dezeen Awards.