Process Architecture在佛罗里达设计低成本房屋，为戒毒者提供服务
Process Architecture designs low-cost houses in Florida for recovering drug addicts

由专筑网缕夕，杨帆编译

美国Process建筑事务所完成了四个必须满足严格设计要求的戒毒所设计，其中每座住宅的预算低于200000美元。

该项目受位于佛罗里达州奥兰多的医疗保健商Aspire Health Partners委托，专门为吸毒者提供戒毒康复服务。在美国，越来越多的人们开始使用海洛因和阿片类止痛药，这类事件已被宣布为突发公共卫生事件，因此康复设施也变得越来越重要。

American studio Process Architecture has completed four drug rehabilitation homes that had to meet stringent design requirements, including a budget of under $200,000 per dwelling.
The project was commissioned by Aspire Health Partners, a healthcare provider in Orlando, Florida, that specialises in rehabilitation services for drug users. Rehab facilities have become increasingly critical in America, where the escalating number of people addicted to heroin and opioid painkillers has been declared a public health emergency.
 

为了加强吸毒者戒毒计划，业主邀请当地事务所Process 建筑事务所创建了一个名为Aspire 的原型康复屋。第一批房屋预计将建在奥兰多霍顿高地社区，该地区吸海洛因的人所占比例持续增加。

“业主曾在一系列现有建筑中进行戒毒者的康复计划，但他们现在试图通过将设计纳入治疗过程，来创新和改进他们治疗的方法。”Process 建筑事务所在项目描述中说道。

To strengthen its recovery programs, the client turned to local firm Process Architecture to create a prototype rehab house, called the Aspire House. The first homes were slated to be built in Orlando's Holden Heights neighbourhood, which has seen a rise in heroin overdoses.
"Previously, the client operated their recovery programs in a series of existing structures, but sought to innovate and refine their methodology by incorporating design into the treatment process," the studio said in a project description.
 

项目的设计运用了刚性参数。一个空间可以容纳三名正在接受戒毒治疗的人。该建筑采取低维护且完全无障碍，并且成本低于200000美元（150,760英镑）。

“业主还要求住宅适合现有的住宅规模和奥兰多市中心社区的社区意识，该地区目前主要由老房子组成。”Process建筑事务所说。“这要求确保居民在逗留期间的舒适性，并且如果有必要，将来可以将房屋出售。”

Rigid parameters were established for the project. The home would need to accommodate three residents undergoing drug rehabilitation. The building needed to be low-maintenance and fully accessible, and it had to cost under $200,000 (￡150,760).
"The client also required that the homes fit into the existing residential scale and sense of community in the downtown Orlando neighbourhood, composed primarily of older homes," the architects said. "This requirement insured that the residents felt comfortable during their stay, and that the homes could be sold out of the program in the future if necessary."

该团队构思了一个1390平方英尺（130平方米）的住宅，采用矩形平面和低成本材料。建筑师从传统的猎枪房中汲取灵感，这些房子在19世纪中叶到20世纪20年代在美国南部很受欢迎。在这个狭窄而简陋的住宅中，房间呈线性排列，没有内部走廊，主体由木头或砖块这两种材料。

该团队使用灰泥作为外墙，由类似木材的塑料板制成屏风。结构框架由混凝土块、木椽和预制木桁架组成。屋顶覆盖着沥青瓦。

Process 建筑事务所在住宅的前后立面设有带顶棚的门廊，鼓励人们走到室外享受时光。“激活建筑周围的户外区域可以培养社区意识，并鼓励居民丰富在家的体验。” Process 建筑事务所说。

在建筑内部，住宅明显地分为公共区域和私人区域。一半包括睡眠区，另一半包括开放式起居室、用餐区和厨房。前门和后门上方的天窗呈一定角度角度，空间自然光线充足，可以看到不断变化的天空。

In response, the team conceived a 1,390-square-foot (130-square-metre) dwelling that features a rectangular plan and low-cost materials. The architects drew inspiration from traditional shotgun houses, which were popular in the southern US from the mid 1800s to the 1920s. The narrow, modest dwellings contained a linear alignment of rooms, with no interior hallways, and were often clad in wood or brick.
For the Aspire House, the team used stucco for exterior walls, along with screens made of plastic boards that resemble wood. The structural frame is composed of concrete blocks, wood rafters, and pre-engineered wood trusses. The roof is sheathed in asphalt shingles.
The studio incorporated covered porches in the front and rear elevations, which encourage occupants to spend time outside. "Activating the outdoor areas around the building fosters a sense of community and encourages residents to expand their experience at home," the team said.
Inside, the dwelling is clearly divided into public and private zones. One half encompasses sleeping quarters, while the other contains an open-plan living room, dining area and kitchen. Angled, clerestory windows above the front and rear doors bring in natural light and offer views of the changing sky.

“住宅概念利用现代设计原则，来辅助治疗过程，强调自然光线、高耸的天花板空间和开放的内部空间。”Process 建筑事务所说。

整个内部使用低成本材料，包括乙烯基成分地砖和基本金属灯具。厨房橱柜由中密度纤维板（MDF）制成，带有Formica层压板。

"The residential concept leverages modern design principles to aid in the healing process, emphasising natural light, soaring ceiling spaces and open interior volumes," the team said.
Low-cost materials were used throughout the interior, including vinyl-composition floor tiles and basic metal light fixtures. The kitchen cabinetry is made of medium-density fibreboard (MDF) with a Formica laminate finish.
 

到目前为止，Holden Heights社区已建成四栋房屋，每栋房屋的建造费用为186000美元（140226英镑），相当于每平方英尺134美元（101英镑）。其中两个房屋彼此相邻布置。

“在这种情况下，设计的建筑是对称的，以便门廊、厨房和生活区域的公共区域在两个结构之间形成对话，”Process 建筑事务所说。“房屋周围的退让空隙，可以形成一个社区花园，为两边居民提供服务，并选择鼓励健康的生活方式。”

So far, four homes have been built in the Holden Heights neighbourhood, each completed for $186,000 (￡140,226), which equals about $134 (￡101) per square foot. Two of the homes sit adjacent to each other.
"In this case the designs are mirrored so that the public zones of porch, kitchen and living areas create a dialogue between the two structures," the studio said. "The setback around the houses is planned to accommodate a community garden that could serve the residents in both houses and encourage healthy lifestyle choices."

建筑师希望这些住宅能够帮助患者度过康复时光。“这种新的经济型住房模式，不仅具有功能性，而且可以满足追求无毒、高效生活的个人心理和美学目的。”Process 建筑事务所说。

其他辅助性的美国建筑项目，有Brooks + Scarpa的洛杉矶公寓楼——容纳残疾退伍军人和流浪的租客，以及纽约州北部的一个设计中的农业综合体，也将容纳和雇用退伍军人。

摄影：Chad Baumer

The architects hope the dwellings will aid in patients' recovery process. "This new affordable-housing model is not only functional, but serves to satisfy both psychological and aesthetic purposes for individuals pursuing drug-free, productive lives," said Process Architecture.
Other US projects that were designed to help those in need include an LA apartment building by Brooks + Scarpa that houses disabled military veterans and formerly homeless tenants, and a planned farming complex in upstate New York that will also accommodate and employ veterans.
Photography is by Chad Baumer.