这栋全新建筑既反映了大连这座城市未来现代化的图景又反映了这座集港口、贸易、工业和旅游为一身的重要城市的传统。该项目运用了现代建筑浮动空间建筑设计，通过对现代会展中心类建筑的结构和组织的合理化组合、归并展现出了该项目的形式语言。

日景视图© Duccio Malagamba

       大连是位于中国辽东半岛最南端，一座重要的港口、工业、贸易和旅游中心。随着这座沿海城市经历的一波波填海造地的变革，大连也将在未来十年彻底改头换面。
       该城市主要发展点:
       •  使集装箱码头远离人口密集的城市区域
       •  建立国际邮轮码头
       •  在填海造地的土地上，开发一个全新的CBD中央商务区
       •  通过跨海大桥的建设连接沟通不同的经济特区

夜景视图© Duccio Malagamba

       大连国际会展中心在城市设计方面的主要任务是：能够在未来大连城市延展的主轴线端点上，建立一座具有地标性的建筑。而这座建筑将更多的聚焦在人们的精神感官性和国际社会性上。
       该项目所在地大楼前，恰与两条城市主轴线平行一致。贯穿于建筑立面的悬挑型会议空间，为建筑创造了空间的多样性，同时与周边环境又有所区分。多种剧场和会议空间由一锥形屋顶幕墙覆盖。建筑通过对空间内日光照射地位，保证访客和室内气候变化的舒适性。
       在这个功能协调和空间丰富的混合建筑中，项目综合了以下功能空间：
       •  会议中心
       •  电影院和歌剧院
       •  展览中心
       •  地下停车场，物品装卸和废物处理区

室内实景图© Duccio Malagamba

       一层公共区域不同的入口保证了不同访客人群的接待。现有表演和会议空间位于入口大厅上方15.3米处。大剧院内可容纳1600座位和一个舞台，建筑的核心处临近的多功能会议厅可容纳2500座位。
       主舞台的这种布置形式，既可为传统剧院观众所用，又满足了多功能大厅的灵活性。主礼堂参照传统影院和戏院配备了相应的后台区域。这种组合方案也适当扩大了该空间的使用范围：从大会、音乐会、影院甚至到传统歌剧，只需要少量的额外投资便可满足使用。
       小型会议空间犹如排布在建筑核心周围的珍珠，在不同的区域间提供了较短的连接线路，这样在为在不同单元之间的转换节约了时间。建筑内，大部分的会议室和流线交通区域都有日光从上面直射进来。

日景视图© Photography: Shu He

       通过在基本层剧院和会议空间的开放和流动性布置，创造一种城市结构的“广场”和“街区”概念。这种地址的识别性可以方便访客对于不同建筑的定位。这样在非正式的会议区，以及纳凉和餐饮区，还有大厅间、花园以及连接户外的视线范围内，为现代型会议都提供了可利用的空间。
       地下停车场的入口，卡车的装卸和废物处理区位于项目的西南侧，这样保证了入口车辆的交通。靠近海边一侧的主入口，满足于未来发展需求，包含了连接未来的游艇码头。

入口细部© Photography: Shu He

技术、气候和环境
       该项目的设计和发展焦点更多的立足于技术、结构及其他们之间的相互作用。技术系统满足了建筑空间使用要求的自动化、隐秘性和无声性。
       大连大连国际会议中心中的这些系统工程，犹如一座建筑中的混合型城市。这栋建筑的技术基础设施，意味着我们必须考虑在这座建筑内部不同人流的交通流线，同时，要兼顾高标准的交通流线和艺术型建筑形态的舒适性以及建筑的高灵活性、低能耗和自然资源的低消耗性。
       技术区域位于地下基础设施方形网格内，位于垂直核心筒内部。尤其为会议区域提供了充足的空气以保证高标准的热量和声学舒适性要求。空气通过室内抬起的双层地板，从座位下面无噪音进入空间中。每节楼梯内的出风口单元组，保证了室内空气的分布均匀性。由此，室内人们带来的热量及热气流会上升至天花板并被系统吸走。
       可持续建筑的主要任务是要将能量损耗降到最低。这样一个最大的好处是避免了一天内由供需带来的波动。因此，有必要整合自然环境中的自然资源如：
       •  通过海水热源热泵满足夏季的制冷和冬季的采暖；
       •  低温系统的普遍使用，结合混凝土心墙作为蓄热体保证了建筑的恒温；
       •  建筑内大量的自然通风气流，将机械产生的冷热气流量降到最低。中庭成为由太阳能加热自然通风的副气候区域
       •  大量个别区域可以依靠独立附加通风装置进行通风置换
       •  大量自然光的使用既满足了人积极的心理效应，同时也将人工照明的损耗降到最低
       •  在建筑的外表皮将带有太阳能板的光伏产品整合其中。
结构
       基于三明治夹层机构基础上的建筑结构包括两个元素：“表皮”和屋顶。
       钢结构网架行距在5-8米间。建筑主体结构被抬高7米，由14个竖向钢结构承载构件和混凝土组成。连接屋顶和表皮的双层结构立面，内层玻璃幕墙，外层为铝板装饰飘带，创造了壳荷载结构。
       新设计与仿真技术的应用和当地造船商弯折钢板经验，使4万吨钢消耗量最大悬挑长度40米，建筑跨度达80米。

建筑结构图示结构施工图© COOP HIMMELB(L)AU

结构施工图© COOP HIMMELB(L)AU

结构施工图© COOP HIMMELB(L)AU

地上15.3米平面图© COOP HIMMELB(L)AU

项目信息：
蓝天组Wolf D. Prix & Partner ZT GmbH
设计负责人：Wolf D. Prix
项目合作伙伴：Paul Kath (until 2010), Wolfgang Reicht
项目设计师：Wolfgang Reicht
建筑设计师：Alexander Ott
设计团队：Quirin Krumbholz, Eva Wolf, Victoria Coaloa
项目团队：Nico Boyer, Liisi Salumaa, Anja Sorger, Vanessa Castro Vélez, Lei Feng, Reinhard Hacker, Jan Brosch, Veronika Janovska, Manfred Yuen,Matthias Niemeyer, Matt Kirkham, Peter Rose, Markus Wings, Ariane Marx, Wendy Fok, Reinhard Platzl, Debora Creel, Hui-Cheng, Jessie Chen, Simon Diesendruck, Yue Chen, Thomas Hindelang, Pola Dietrich, Moritz Keitel, Ian Robertson, Keigo Fukugaki, Gaspar Gonzalez Melero, Giacomo Tinari, Alice Gong, Francois Gandon
建筑模型：Nam La-Chi, Paul Hoszowski, Taylor Clayton, Matthias Bornhofer,Katsyua Arai, Zhu Juankang, Lukas Allner, Phillip Reiner, Moritz Heinrath, Olivia Wimmer, Silja Wiener, Katrin Ertle, Maria Zagallo, Logan Yuen, André Nakonz, Arihan Senocak, Rashmi Jois, Sachin Thorat, Marc Werner
地方合作伙伴：DADRI Dalian Institute of Architecture Design and Research Co. LTD
UD Studio, Dalian, P.R. China
J&A Interior Design, Shenzhen, P.R. China
结构工程设计：B+G Ingenieure, Bollinger Grohmann Schneider ZT-GmbH, Vienna, Austria
DADRI Dalian Institute of Architecture Design and Research Co. LTD, Dalian, P.R China
声学设计：Müller-BBM, Planegg, Germany: Dr. Eckard Mommerz
舞台设计：BSEDI Beijing Special Engineering Design and Research Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
灯光设计：a•g Licht, Wilfried Kramb, Bonn, Germany
音频和视频：CRFTG Radio, Film and Television Design & Research Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
气候设计：Prof. Brian Cody, Berlin, Germany
沟通管理：Dr. Nikolaus Breisach, Graz, Austria
HVAC系统，自动喷淋装置：Reinhold A. Bacher, Vienna, Austria
DADRI Dalian Institute of Architecture Design and Research Co. LTD, Dalian, P.R. China
立面设计：Meinhardt Facade Technology Ltd. Beijing Branch Office, Beijing, P.R. China
光伏电池：Baumgartner GmbH, Kippenheim, Germany
项目总承包：China Construction Eight Engineering Division, Dalian, P.R. China
建筑面积：117,650平米

* 本文由COOP HIMMELB(L)AU –蓝天组建筑设计事务所提供稿件，转载请注明出处。*

Dalian International Conference Center, Dalian, China (2008-2012)

The building has both to reflect the promising modern future of Dalian and its tradition as an important port, trade, industry and tourism city. The formal language of the project combines and merges the rational structure and organization of its modern conference center typology with the floating spaces of modernist architecture.
Dalian is an important seaport, industrial, trade, and tourism center, located in the southernmost part of the Liaodong Peninsula in the Chinese Liaoning Province.
The city is currently undergoing a wave of transformation on coastal brownfield and reclaimed land which will entirely change the city’s face within the next decade.

The key developments are:

•  Dislocation of container port away from the dense city area
•  Establishment of international port for cruise ships
•  New development of a „CBD – Central Business District“ on reclaimed land
•  Bridge over the sea to connect with the special economic zone

The urban design task of the Dalian International Conference Center is to create an instantly recognizable landmark at the terminal point of the future extension of the main city axis. As its focal point the building will be anchored in the mental landscape of the population and the international community.
The footprint of the building on the site is therefore arranged in accordance with the orientation of the two major urban axis which merge in front of the building.
The cantilevering conference spaces that penetrate the facades create a spatially multifaceted building volume and differentiate the close surroundings.
The various theaters and conference spaces are covered by a cone-shaped roof screen. Through controlled daylight input good spatial orientation for the visitors and atmospheric variety is assured.

The project combines the following functions within one hybrid building with synergetic effects of functionality and spatial richness.

•  Conference Center
•  Theater and Opera House
•  Exhibition Center
•  Basement with Parking, Delivery and Disposal

A public zone at ground level allows for differentiating accessibility for the different groups of users. The actual performance and conference spaces are situated at +15,30 m above the entrance hall. The grand theater, with a capacity of 1.600 seats and a stage tower, and the directly adjacent flexible conference hall of 2.500 seats, are positioned at the core of the building.
With this arrangement the main stage can be used for the classical theater auditorium as well as for the flexible multipurpose hall. The main auditorium is additionally equipped with backstage areas like in traditional theaters and opera houses. This scheme is appropriate to broaden the range of options for the use of this space: from convention, musical, theater even up to classical opera, with very little additional investment.
The smaller conference spaces are arranged like pearls around this core, providing very short connections between the different areas, thus saving time while changing between the different units. Most conference rooms and the circulation areas have direct daylight from above.
Through this open and fluid arrangement the theater and conference spaces on the main level establish a kind of urban structure with “squares” and “street spaces”. These identifiable “addresses” facilitate user orientation within the building. Thus the informal meeting places, as well as chill-out and catering zones, and in between the halls, gardens with view connection to outside are provided as required for modern conference utilization.
The access to the basement parking garage, truck delivery and waste disposal is located at the southwest side of the site, thus freeing the front driveway to the entrances from transit traffic. The main entrance from the sea side corresponds to the future developments, including the connection to the future cruise terminal.

Technical, Climatic and Environmental Concept

The focus of the architectural design and project development lies on technology, construction and their interplay. The technical systems fulfil the tasks required for the spatial use of the building automatically, invisibly and silently.
With the Dalian International Dalian Conference Center, these systems work like a hybrid city within a building. For the technical infrastructure of the building this means, that we have to consider a huge amount of people circulating inside the building at the same time, who expect high standards in circulation and comfort as well as a state of the art building with respect to high flexibility, low energy consumption and low use of natural resources.
Technical areas in the basement supply infrastructure within a rectangular grid, mainly inside the vertical cores. In particularly the conference zone has to be provided with a sufficient amount of air in order to maintain a high level of thermal and acoustical comfort. Therefore the conditioned air will be silently injected into the rooms via an inflated double flooring underneath the seating. Air blowout units inside the stairs will ensure consistent air distribution. Due to the thermal uplift, the heat of the people ascends to the ceiling and is extracted by suction.
One of the major tasks of sustainable architecture is the minimisation of energy consumption. A fundamental contribution is to avoid considerable fluctuations in demands during the course of the day. Therefore it is essential to integrate the natural resources of the environment like:

       •  Use the thermal energy of seawater with heat pumps for cooling in summer and heating in winter
       •  General use of low temperature systems for heating in combination with activation of the concrete core as thermal mass in order to keep the building on constant temperature
       •  Natural ventilation of the huge air volumes within the building allows for minimization of the mechanical apparatus for ventilation heating and cooling. The atrium is conceived as a solar heated, naturally ventilated sub climatic area.
       •  In the large volume individual areas can be treated separately by additional measures such as displacement ventilation
       •  A high degree of daylight use is aspired both for its positive psychological effect and for minimizing the power consumption for artificial lighting
       •  Energy production with solar energy panels integrated into the shape of the building.

Structural Concept

The structural concept is based on a sandwich structure composed of 2 elements: the “table” and the roof.
Both elements are steel space frames with depths ranging between 5 and 8 meters.
The whole structure is elevated 7 meters above ground level and is supported by 14 vertical composite steel and concrete cores.
A doubly ruled façade structure connects the two layers of table and roof, creating a load-bearing shell structure.
The application of new design and simulation techniques, the knowledge of local shipbuilders to bend massive steel plates, and the consumption of more than 40,000 tons of steel enables breathtaking spans of over 85 meters and cantilevering of over 40 meters.

Project information:

COOP HIMMELB(L)AU Wolf D. Prix & Partner ZT GmbH
Design Principal: Wolf D. Prix
Project Partner: Paul Kath (until 2010), Wolfgang Reicht
Project Architect: Wolfgang Reicht
Design Architect: Alexander Ott
Design Team: Quirin Krumbholz, Eva Wolf, Victoria Coaloa
Project Team: Nico Boyer, Liisi Salumaa, Anja Sorger, Vanessa Castro Vélez, Lei Feng, Reinhard Hacker, Jan Brosch, Veronika Janovska, Manfred Yuen,Matthias Niemeyer, Matt Kirkham, Peter Rose, Markus Wings, Ariane Marx, Wendy Fok, Reinhard Platzl, Debora Creel, Hui-Cheng, Jessie Chen, Simon Diesendruck, Yue Chen, Thomas Hindelang, Pola Dietrich, Moritz Keitel, Ian Robertson, Keigo Fukugaki, Gaspar Gonzalez Melero, Giacomo Tinari, Alice Gong, Francois Gandon
Model Building: Nam La-Chi, Paul Hoszowski, Taylor Clayton, Matthias Bornhofer,Katsyua Arai, Zhu Juankang, Lukas Allner, Phillip Reiner, Moritz Heinrath, Olivia Wimmer, Silja Wiener, Katrin Ertle, Maria Zagallo, Logan Yuen, André Nakonz, Arihan Senocak, Rashmi Jois, Sachin Thorat, Marc Werner
Local Partner: DADRI Dalian Institute of Architecture Design and Research Co. LTD
UD Studio, Dalian, P.R. China
J&A Interior Design, Shenzhen, P.R. China
Structural Engineering: B+G Ingenieure, Bollinger Grohmann Schneider ZT-GmbH, Vienna, Austria
DADRI Dalian Institute of Architecture Design and Research Co. LTD, Dalian, P.R China
Acoustics: Müller-BBM, Planegg, Germany: Dr. Eckard Mommerz
Stage Design: BSEDI Beijing Special Engineering Design and Research Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
Lighting Design: a•g Licht, Wilfried Kramb, Bonn, Germany
Audio & Video: CRFTG Radio, Film and Television Design & Research Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
Climatic Design: Prof. Brian Cody, Berlin, Germany
Congress Management: Dr. Nikolaus Breisach, Graz, Austria
HVAC, Sprinkler: Reinhold A. Bacher, Vienna, Austria
DADRI Dalian Institute of Architecture Design and Research Co. LTD, Dalian, P.R. China
Façade: Meinhardt Facade Technology Ltd. Beijing Branch Office, Beijing, P.R. China
Photovoltaic: Baumgartner GmbH, Kippenheim, Germany
General Contractor: China Construction Eight Engineering Division, Dalian, P.R. China

*Appreciation towards COOP HIMMELB(L)AU for providing the project description.*