© Duccio Malagamba
据蓝天组设计负责人沃尔夫•德•普瑞克斯先生介绍，釜山电影中心项目的基本理念是为探讨和展现开放与闭合空间、公共与私人领域之间的重叠关系。
电影院的设计从外观看类似山丘状，电影中心的公共空间位于露天影院和一个超大的名为红毯接待区之间。
而电影院位于一座如山脉一般雄伟的建筑中，电影中心的公共空间可与户外电影院和巨大的公共空间共享，这些空间并称为“红毯区”，即接待区。红毯区实际上是三维的：尊贵的来宾经由沿着双锥体蜿蜒向上的斜坡到达接待大厅。每两个区域上方都罩着一面拱形的巨大屋顶，其中一个规模为60米×120米，相当于一个足球场的大小，其悬挑长度足有85米。
© Duccio Malagamba
这个以屋顶为主题建筑元素的项目是蓝天组在韩国的首个尝试，这个主题该公司已关注了很长时间。设计团队从文艺复兴时期和巴洛克风格建筑、奥斯卡尼迈耶的里约热内卢设计的住宅屋顶以及勒•柯布西耶的组合住宅的雕塑屋顶中得到了灵感。
蓝天组为了时刻牢记以这种对屋顶的有力重新解读为整体建筑元素，特地将釜山电影中心的屋顶开发为无柱的带顶空间，这种设计与“翱翔的”屋顶理念最贴近——并进一步以其三维连接的天花板形成自身的特色。
© Duccio Malagamba
釜山电影中心理念——一个多功能的城市中心广场
蓝天组设计的目的在于为文化活动，娱乐，技术和架构之间提供一个新的公共空间，为城市景观创造一个充满活力的新地标。
纯色的LED户外屋顶以天空的形象出现，使建筑体本身与广场区域共同融入一个连续的多功能公共城市空间之中。
在这个可为各种活动量身打造场地的、充满灵活性的开放式建筑中，媒体、技术、娱乐、休闲等功能集于一身，因而建成了一个易于操控、善于转化的流动空间，充当了城市文化交流与转化的催化剂。
© Duccio Malagamba
项目阐述
如今最富盛名的悬挑结构悬于一个城市广场上方，这个广场由好几个重叠的区域构成：城市山谷、红毯接待区域、星光大道以及BIFF运河公园。建筑物包含剧院、室内和户外电影院、会议厅、办公空间、创意工作室和餐厅，融会于各种带顶的彼此相连的室内外公共空间之内。这些空间的设计都易于维持功能上的多样性与灵活性，既能举办每年一度的电影节，也可以常年举行日常活动。
城市区域在平面格局上定义为功能地面，石材贴面的“电影院山”和“BIFF山”的“大地”造型，与金属和LED贴面的屋顶的“天空”元素之间形成的对话关系，进一步将这些城市区域串联在一起。建筑物所呈现出的不同的物质性不但能划分空间，也能阐明建筑概念。各个部位以其各自的造型、位置和物质性在地面与屋顶之间共同营造出一种充满活力而又不拘形式的张力。
建筑和电影院——主屋顶
动态LED照明表面覆盖着户外屋顶起伏的顶棚，赋予釜山电影中心以标志性建筑的特征。艺术照明方案根据BIFF或釜山政府的活动要求特别定制，由视觉艺术家设计，以运动图像在整个天花板展示，在夜间营造了一种生动活泼的城市景象，在白天也能欣赏得到。
嵌在建筑内的LED屏幕也可以作为一个信息传递屏幕，展示釜山电影中心近期的活动安排。灯光作为一种艺术——同时也是电影院的基本元素，为公共城市广场以及PIFF(釜山国际电影节)建筑创造了一种独特而令人难忘的氛围。
双锥体、咖啡馆和屋顶餐厅
双锥体是釜山电影中心入口的标志性元素，同时也连接了“电影院山”和“PIFF山”。双锥体被设计成一系列的放射状混凝土鳍状墙，似钢丝网包裹的鼓状物，在如此大的悬臂结构下，形状奇特的双锥体也是唯一可视为柱子的垂直支撑物。
在日常使用时，双锥体的地面层是一个公共咖啡馆，并设有户外休息座椅，上层通往一个设有世界级的餐厅、酒吧、休闲室的屋顶空间，在这可以俯视APEC公园和远处的河流。
在电影节期间，双锥体作为红毯区和釜山电影中心的VIP入口，还可作为地面层的VIP会前活动场所，同时作为舞台后台，以便疏导步上室外舞台的红毯队列，或者通过红地毯的旋转坡道和悬浮桥，通往“电影院山”或“PIFF山”大厅。
© Duccio Malagamba
“电影院山”
“电影院山”是一个多功能的建筑体，其中包含一个拥有1000个座位，带有塔台和完整后台支持的多功能影剧院，以及一个多元4幕式的400座和两个200座的会堂。影剧院和电影院设有各自的出入口，但是可以根据运作需要共用前厅和交通空间。剧院和电影院在结构上完全分离，也保证了最佳的隔音效果。
影剧院被设计为两层座位空间，视野极佳，声学效果可根据需求调整。灵活的古罗马式舞台两边是侧舞台，台上还有舞台塔，这种舞台具有活动声效控制塔，可在音乐会和歌剧表演时关闭舞台，同时也能在一般戏剧和音乐剧演出及举办其他舞台活动时轻松地撤掉。舞台前面还有前台升降机，可根据需要提供格外的观众席、乐池，或将舞台延伸出来。沿着观众包间墙上挂着的横向拉动的幕帘可以隐藏，也可以展开用于调整包间内的声学效果。
© Duccio Malagamba
都市广场/室外电影院
都市广场处，一个可变的地面层和一个4000座的台阶观众席构成了一个室外电影院。广场上部空间覆盖着一个巨大的充满雕塑感的屋面，内屋面布满LED灯；广场朝向“电影院山”东立面外的可灵活变化的舞台和屏幕。屏幕、舞台、扬声器、灯光设置以及向“电影院山”开口的闸门，都可以调整控制，这样一来，外部的演出也可使用剧场的后台设备。
PIFF山
“PIFF山”也是一个地面层空间，组织了室外电影院、广场空间、大会厅、PIFF中心、PIFF办公用房以及视觉媒体中心。设计师灵活组织规划该地面层，使其可以同时适应电影节以及日常的使用。
红地毯区
在釜山电影节期间或者其他盛事举办时，红地毯区域可作为特别落客停靠区以及媒体入口，也就是双锥体的入口。红地毯可以从双锥体的活动空间和拍照处一直向南延伸，通过公园，朝着码头而去。VIP（重要明星）可以坐着豪华轿车沿街到达，也可以坐船从码头到达。从双锥体到不同的活动表演场所有各种各样的交通方式，可据活动的情节来选择。其中包括一个极富动感的螺旋坡道，从活动场所的舞台面一直往上延伸到VIP的餐厅休闲室，或者延伸到“PIFF山”和“电影院山”的前厅。在没有大型节庆活动的时候，红地毯区域就成了釜山电影中心城市综合体的入口标志。
© Duccio Malagamba
纪念场和星光大道
星光大道是以纪念场为主的一个公共广场。地面埋有信号源装置，可发射出诸如影星、导演、制作人等的全息影像，这也是星光大道的一部分。他们的影像在这个纪念场，是一个永久的存在；他们的作品可以随着时间推移展示出不同方面以及与釜山电影节的关联。
没有节庆的时候，纪念场就成了“电影院山”的入口大道，并设有可以俯视整个公园和水景外的室外餐厅。由于这个可自由立柱的大屋顶，这个城市广场形成了一个多功能活动区，可服务于釜山电影节或者“釜山城市”庆典，同时也不会影响釜山电影中心的日常运行，并可加设额外空间以配合大型庆典活动。
PIFF运河公园
PIFF运河公园是公共活动开放空间的扩展，一直延续至已规划的河滨公园，并作为河与影院城市综合体的联系。一个新的人行天桥连接起釜山电影中心和穿过南大街的公园，以及把双锥体和APEC公园连接起来。另外，还有一个用于户外活动的“大碗”，它环绕着运河，运河上来往的客船与私家游艇可将人们载往项目基地。釜山电影中心未来的扩建空间如同被运河环绕的一座孤岛，进一步整合了釜山电影中心的文化功能与周围的公共空间和景观环境。
© Duccio Malagamba
© Duccio Malagamba
平面图© COOP HIMMELB(L)AU
项目信息：
规划团队：蓝天组，Wolf D. Prix & Partner ZT GmbH
主创设计师和负责人：沃尔夫•狄•普瑞克斯
项目合伙人：Michael Volk
项目设计师：Günther Weber
建筑设计师：Martin Oberascher, Jörg Hugo
项目团队：Sergio Gonzalez, Rob Henderson, Guthu Hallstein, Matt Kirkham, Veronica Janovska, Dieter Segerer, Markus Baumann, Jasmin Dieterle, Anja Sorger, Jana Kucerova, Jan Brosch, Ivana Jug
3D设计：Renate Weissenboeck, Jan-Ruben Fischer
模型制作：Paul Hoszowski, Ernst Stockinger, Ivana Jug, Vincenzo Del Monaco, Johannes Spiesberger, Markus Erhardt, Hyoung Sub, Marc Werner
摄影师：Markus Pillhofer
竞赛团队：Victoria Coaloa, Rob Henderson, Paul Hoszowski, Jörg Hugo, Irakli Itoni, Alex Jackson, Matt Kirkham, Shannon Loew, Mona Marbach, Jens Mehlan, Tom Wiscombe, Burcu Bicer, Etienne Chanpenios, Monika Heliosch, Akvile Rimantaite
渲染：Armin Hess/Isochrom
委托方：釜山市政府 Kim, Byung-Heui; Cho, Seung-Ho; Chai, Young-Eeon; Seo, Myoung Seok
使用方：釜山电影节Choi, Yoonna; Oh, Seok-Geun; Kim, Dong-Ho
竞赛主办方：釜山国际建筑文化节
组委会：韩国Yeonjegu Jungangro
当地合作者：Heerim Architects & Planners, Seoul / Korea:
Jeong, Young Kyoon; Eu, Sung Mo; Lee, Mog Woon; Kang, In Soo; Kim, SeoniI; Shin, Dong Young; Chang, Hyo Sup
结构工程师：B+G Ingenieure, Bollinger und Grohmann GmbH Frankfurt /
Vienna, Germany/ Austria:
Klaus Bollinger, Jan Lüdders, Daniel Pfanner, Astrid Münzinger, Jürgen Asmussen
Jeon and Partner, Seoul / Korea:
Jeon, Bong-soo, Yoon, Heum-hak, Kim, Dong-gwan, Ms. Nam, Jung-hwa, Lee, Jang-hong, Ms. Han, Hye-hwa, Kim, Seung-a, Yi, Joon
机电工程师：Arup, Berlin, Germany: Bryan Cody, Till Pasquai, Tobias Burkhart, Akif Berkyuerek
灯光照明设计：Har Hollands, Eindhoven, Netherlands
风力研究：Wacker Ingenieure, Birkenfeld / Germany: Jürgen Wacker, Michael Buselmeier
立面技术顾问：Face of Building, Oberpullendorf / Austria: Johannes Stimakovits, Harald Weidinger
剧院顾问：Artec, New York / USA: Tateo Nakajima, Ed Arenius, Ted Pyper
项目时间进度：
竞赛获奖（一等奖）：2005年11月
设计起始时间：2007年1月
开始建设时间：2008年10月
开放时间：2011年9月29日
完工时间：2012年
项目数据：
占地面积：32 100平米
净楼面面积：51067平米
总建筑面积：57 981平米
建成区面积：10005平米（不含屋顶）
建筑体积：349708立方米
工程造价：EUR 100M
每平米造价：1.725 EUR/m2（外部空间除外）
荣获奖项：
2007年国际建筑奖
2007年美国建筑奖
2011年英国伦敦吉尼斯世界纪录（种类：最长悬挑屋顶）
* 本文由COOP HIMMELB(L)AU –蓝天组建筑设计事务所提供稿件，转载请注明出处。*
Busan Cinema Center / Busan International Film Festival, Busan,South Korea (2005 - 2012)
The basic concept of this project was the discourse about the overlapping of open and closed spaces and of public and private areas.
While the movie theaters are located in a mountain-like building, the Center’s public space is shared between an outdoor cinema and a huge public space which is called Red Carpet Area – i.e. reception area.
The Red Carpet Area is actually three-dimensional: across a ramp which leads along a double cone the guests of honour reach the reception hall. Each of the two areas is overarched by a huge roof, one of them measuring 60 x 120 meters – the size of a soccer field – and cantilevering 85 meters.
The project, Wolf D. Prix / COOP HIMMELB(L)AU’s first in South Korea, addresses the theme of the roof as an architectural element – a topic which COOP HIMMELB(L)AU has been concerned with for a long time. Already in the Renaissance and the Baroque era the roof is transformed into a cupola, thereby achieving a particular significance. But it was Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier who define the roof not anymore as a mere element of protection, but as a frame for the most diverse concepts. In Niemeyer’s house in Rio de Janeiro the roof is no longer following the floor plan, but is framing the view on the surroundings and nature. The roof of the Unité d’Habitation in Marseille of Le Corbusier is itself a landscape through its sculptural articulation.
Based on these ideas COOP HIMMELB(L)AU developed the roofs of the BMW Welt in Munich and of the Busan Cinema Center. The construction as a column-free roof covering a space comes closest to the idea of a “flying” roof, which is further differentiated by its three-dimensionally articulated ceiling and therefore not only a horizontal projection screen.
Concept
The Busan Cinema Center – A multifunctional urban plaza
COOP HIMMELB(L)AU’s design for the Busan Cinema Center and home of the Busan International Film Festival (BIFF) provides a new intersection between public space, cultural programs, entertainment, technology and architecture creating a vibrant landmark within the urban landscape.
LED saturated outdoor roof elements acting as a virtual sky connect building-objects and plaza-zones into a continuous, multifunctional public urban space.
Media, technology, entertainment and leisure are merged in an open-architecture of changeable and tailored event experiences. The result is a responsive and changing space of flows acting as an urban catalyst for cultural exchange and transformation.
Project Description
The concept envisions an urban plaza of overlapping zones including an Urban Valley, a Red Carpet Zone, a Walk of Fame and the BIFF Canal Park. The urban plaza is formed by building and plaza elements sheltered by two large roofs that are enabled with computer programmed LED outdoor ceiling surfaces. The larger of the roofs includes a column-free cantilever of 85 meters over a multifunctional Memorial Court event plaza. The urban zones of the complex are formed by individual and recognizable building objects placed below the outdoor roofs. The building objects contain theater, indoor and outdoor cinemas, convention halls, office spaces, creative studios and dining areas in a mixture of sheltered and linked indoor and outdoor public spaces. The design of these spaces supports flexible, hybrid functionality that can be used both during the annual festival period and day-to-day use without interruption.
The urban zones defined by functional surfaces in plan are further articulated in a sectional dialogue between stone-clad “ground” forms of the Cinema Mountain and BIFF Hill, and the metal and LED clad “sky” elements of the roofs. The materiality of the building objects differentiates the spaces and articulates the architectural concept. Through their shape, placement and materiality, the various parts create a dynamic and informal tension between the ground and the roof.
Architecture and Cinema – the Main Roof
The dynamic LED lighting surface covering the undulating ceilings of the outdoor roof canopies gives the Busan Cinema Center its symbolic and representative iconographic feature. Artistic lighting programs tailored to events of the BIFF or the Municipality of Busan can be created by visual artists and displayed across the ceiling in full motion graphics, creating a lively urban situation at night, but also visible during the day.
Imbedded in the architecture the lighting surfaces serve as a communication platform for the content of the Busan Cinema Center. Light as art, which is at the very nature of cinema, creates a unique and memorable atmosphere for the public urban plaza and architecture of the BCC.
Double Cone, Café and Roof Restaurant
The Double Cone is the symbolic landmark entrance element to the Busan Cinema Center and serves as the connective element between the Cinema Mountain and the BIFF Hill. Designed as a steel web drum on top of a series of radial concrete fin walls, the Double Cone also is the only vertical structural support for the large cantilevered roof acting as a large, singular column.
During day-to-day use, the ground level of the Double Cone contains a public café with outdoor seating, and the upper level links to a world-class restaurant, bar and lounge within the roof volume with views overlooking the APEC park and river beyond.
During the festival the Double Cone marks the Red Carpet Zone and VIP entrance to the “Busan Cinema Center”, and can be used as a pre-event space for VIP’s on the ground level, or as a pre-staging area for transfer to the Red Carpet procession to the outdoor cinema stage, or to the upper levels of the Cinema Mountain or BIFF Hill foyers via the red carpet spiralling ramp and bridges suspended from the roof.
Cinema Mountain
The Cinema Mountain is a multifunctional building containing both a 1,000 seat multifunctional theater with fly-tower and full backstage support, and a three-screen multiplex comprised of a 400-seat and two 200-seat Cinemas. Separate entrances and foyers are provided for theater and cinema respectively, however the foyers and circulation are designed so that they can be combined depending on operational preferences.
Complete structural separation between the theater and the cinemas ensures optimal noise isolation for the theater space, which is designed as a first-class, flexible hall with seating on two levels and optimal sight lines and adjustable acoustics. A flexible proscenium type stage with side stages and fly-tower accommodates movable acoustical towers used to close down the stage volume for concerts and operatic theater, but can be easily moved for theater, musicals and other staged events. The stage includes a fore-stage lift that can provide additional seating, an orchestra pit or stage extension as preferred. Horizontally tracking curtains along the walls of the audience chamber can be hidden or deployed to adjust the acoustics of the space.
Urban Valley / Outdoor Cinema
The Urban Valley combines a flexible flat ground surface and large stepped tribunes of the BIFF Hill as seating for a 4,000 seat Outdoor Cinema. The Valley is sheltered by a large sculpted outdoor roof with an LED ceiling surface and is oriented towards a flexible stage and screen area on the outside of the Eastern façade of the Cinema Mountain. Accommodation for purpose built projection screens, stages, loudspeaker and lighting arrays are provided allowing for exterior performances to share the interior theater’s backstage facilities.
BIFF Hill
The BIFF Hill is a ground surface formation creating the tribune seating space of the outdoor cinema and accommodating the concourse, the convention hall, the BIFF-center, the BIFF-offices and the visual media center. Given the flexible organization of the ground plan, it can be easily adapted to the different requirements during festival and day-to-day usage.
Red Carpet Zone
During the BIFF festival, or for other special events, the Red Carpet Zone is created by a special drop-off and media-event processional entrance at the Double Cone entrance element. A red carpet can be extended from the Double Cone event space and photo position to the south through the park and along a pier. VIP’s can enter from limousines along the street edge, or arrive by boat from the pier. Various options are provided for the red carpet circulation from the Double Cone to the different event and performance spaces depending on the scenario preferred, including a vibrant spiralling ramp from the staging level of the event space to the VIP restaurant lounge of the upper roof or to the BIFF Hill and Cinema Mountain on upper levels of the foyers. During non-event periods the Red Carpet Zone acts as the symbolic entryway into the Busan Cinema Center complex.
Memorial Court & Walk of Fame
The Walk of Fame contains the Memorial Court as a public plaza. Our proposal is to imbed sources in the ground surface projecting holographic images of the stars, directors, producers and the like who have been made a part of the Walk of Fame. Their avatars inhabit the memorial court as permanent residents; however their programs can be changed to show variable aspects of information over time or in relation to specific BIFF- events.
During non-event times the Memorial Court is used as a grand entryway to the Cinema Mountain and contains an outdoor dining area of the Double Cone Café overlooking the park and water beyond.
Due to the column-free sheltered roof above, the public plaza of the Memorial Court is a multi-functional event space that can be utilized for BIFF- or Busan City- events without interrupting the day-to-day activities of the Busan Cinema Center, or simultaneously with other events in the additional spaces.
BIFF Canal Park
The BIFF Canal Park is proposed as an extension of the open network of public programs into the planned riverside park, and as a linking element between the river and the cinema complex. A new pedestrian footbridge is proposed to connect the Busan Cinema Center site with the park across the Boulevard to the South connecting the Double Cone with the APEC Park. An additional outdoor event ‘bowl’ is proposed surrounded by canals that can provide public and private boat access to the project site. Space for a future extension of the Busan Cinema Center project is proposed as an island among the canals, further integrating the cultural functions of the Busan Cinema Center project with the surrounding public space and landscape environment.
Project Credits：
Planning:
COOP HIMMELB(L)AU
Wolf D. Prix & Partner ZT GmbH
Design Principal/ CEO: Wolf D. Prix
Project Partner: Michael Volk
Project Architect: Günther Weber
Design Architects: Martin Oberascher, Jörg Hugo
Project Team: Sergio Gonzalez, Rob Henderson, Guthu Hallstein, Matt Kirkham, Veronica Janovska, Dieter Segerer, Markus Baumann, Jasmin Dieterle, Anja Sorger, Jana Kucerova, Jan Brosch, Ivana Jug
3D Design: Renate Weissenböck, Jan-Ruben Fischer
Model: Paul Hoszowski, Ernst Stockinger, Vincenzo Del Monaco, Johannes Spiesberger, Markus Erhardt, Hyoung Sub, Marc Werner
Photography: Markus Pillhofer
Competition Team: Victoria Coaloa, Rob Henderson, Paul Hoszowski, Jörg Hugo, Irakli Itoni, Alex Jackson, Matt Kirkham, Shannon Loew, Mona Marbach, Jens Mehlan, Tom Wiscombe, Burcu Bicer, Etienne Chanpenios, Monika Heliosch, Akvile Rimantaite
Renderings: Armin Hess/Isochrom
Client: Municipality of Busan:
Kim, Byung-Heui; Cho, Seung-Ho; Chai, Young-Eeon; Seo, Myoung Seok
User: Busan International Film Festival:
Choi, Yoonna; Oh, Seok-Geun; Kim, Dong-Ho
Competition Organizer: Busan International Architectural Culture Festival Organizing Committee: Yeonjegu Jungangro, Korea
Local Partner: Heerim Architects & Planners, Seoul / Korea:
Jeong, Young Kyoon; Eu, Sung Mo; Lee, Mog Woon; Kang, In Soo; Kim, SeoniI; Shin, Dong Young; Chang, Hyo Sup
Structural Engineering: B+G Ingenieure, Bollinger und Grohmann GmbH Frankfurt / Vienna, Germany/ Austria:
Klaus Bollinger, Jan Lüdders, Daniel Pfanner, Astrid Münzinger, Jürgen Asmussen
Jeon and Partner, Seoul / Korea:
Jeon, Bong-soo, Yoon, Heum-hak, Kim, Dong-gwan, Ms. Nam, Jung-hwa, Lee, Jang-hong, Ms. Han, Hye-hwa, Kim, Seung-a, Yi, Joon
Mechanical, Electrical Engineering: Arup, Berlin, Germany:
Bryan Cody, Till Pasquai, Tobias Burkhart, Akif Berkyuerek
Lighting Design: Har Hollands, Eindhoven, Netherlands
Wind Studies: Wacker Ingenieure, Birkenfeld / Germany:
Jürgen Wacker, Michael Buselmeier
Façade Consulting to CHBL: Face of Building, Oberpullendorf / Austria:
Johannes Stimakovits, Harald Weidinger
Theater Consulting to CHBL: Artec, New York / USA:
Tateo Nakajima, Ed Arenius, Ted Pyper
Chronology
Competition (1st Prize):11/2005
Start of Planning: 01/2007
Start of Construction: 10/2008
Opening: 29/09/2011
Completion: 2012
Project Data
Site Area: 32,100 m2
Net Floor Area (interior spaces): 51,067 m2
Gross Floor Area (interior spaces): 57,981 m2
Built-up Area: 10,005 m2 (without roofs)
Cubage: 349,708 m3
Building Costs: about EUR 100 Mio
Costs per m2: 1.725 EUR/m2 (excl. exterior spaces)
Awards
International Architecture Award 2007
The Chicago Athenaeum, Illinois, USA 2007
Guinness World Record (Category: Longest cantilever roof), London, United Kingdom, 2011
*Appreciation towards COOP HIMMELB(L)AU for providing the project description.*
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