© Aitor Ortiz
该建筑位于玛丽亚•迪亚斯•阿罗大街，紧挨着毕尔巴鄂城市繁华的商业大街格兰维亚。它位于两座建筑中间，长20米，宽度达到70米，组成了毕尔巴鄂Ensanche街区的一部分。
这座大厦直插地下，地基覆盖地下的全部区域。地上的部分有25米高，完全在规划法规的标准下建造。
整栋大厦分层管理，依据建筑每层不同的使用用途分别设置进入的权限。
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底层、二层和部分地下室一层作为主大厅、接待区和展览室或多功能空间，公众可以免费进入。通过一楼大厅进入花园，花园的作用也是很大的，比如可以做室外展览、阅读区或电影放映区。
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二楼的阅读室和文档咨询区只有公众才被允许进入。
其余的楼层作为管理区、实验室和文档处理区均不对公众开放。地下室作为文档库、会议室和停车场也是私用的。这些地方通过汽车升降机可以直接进入。
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大厦正面设计是波浪形的玻璃外观，在视觉上给人以冲击力，打破了街道的单调，一眼看上去就可以发现它的与众不同。这种设计给大厦很强的透明感，在外面就能看到大楼的结构和内部工作的场景。在需要保护的文件区域，其外部的玻璃被涂上了一层类似文献的图画，这样可以增加隐蔽性，因为这里对公众来说是封闭的。
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大厦的内部装饰努力和这条街道的其他建筑找到契合点，体现了建筑的与时俱进。这种外观还有花园也同时给人们一种亲切的感觉，给Ensanche看似威严的建筑以柔和的冲击力。
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在大厦内部，我们选择的是双层天花板的高度，从拐角处一眼就能看出该区的不同用途。规划区域能很容易认出，中间没有柱子等遮挡视线，所以，即使各个区功能用途改变时，人们也能很方便地适应。
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因为地下室也安排有很多项目，所以这里最大程度地利用了采光和通风。从一楼大厅进入道地下20米深的档案库或车库，依然有自然光和通风。 而且，地上部分建筑即使在最中间和洗手间都会有自然光。这样，建筑大部分空间都是光亮的，给人一种愉悦的感觉。
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地下室的墙壁使用两个反循环挖沟的钻机进行挖掘，这种技术适应了该岩石地形，减少了对其他建筑的震动影响。因此，地下室的工程时间不但缩短了而且还很坚固。一些周边的建筑几乎也已经存在100年。
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地下室的上面三层起初是作为资料库的，能摆很多书架，总长度有20公里。室内装有空调系统和温控系统，还有一个水雾灭火的消防系统。
这个高效的空调系统将热量恢复和空气冷却功能融为一体，充分利用室内外条件降低能源消耗。另外，大楼的庭院有一片园林，里面的植被围绕在空气冷却机组周围，这样，即使在最热的季节，植被仍能帮助冷却机组降低周围的空气温度。
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通过利用高性能设备，地下室和车库利用漫射光照亮了整个区域，所以照明只使用了很少的能源。即使在20米的深度，由于透光孔的利用，这里即使没有人工照明也亮如白昼。
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平面图© ACXT
平面图© ACXT
平面图© ACXT
项目信息：
项目名称：Archivo Histórico de Euskadi
地点：毕尔巴鄂
项目总监：Gonzalo Carro
建筑设计师：Gonzalo Carro
其他设计师：Ion Zubiaurre, Javier Manjón, Oscar Ferreira da Costa
项目管理：Gonzalo Carro
费用核算：Gabriel Bustillo, Fco. Javier Ruiz de Prada, Agurtzane Insa
结构工程：Miguel Angel Corcuera, Romina González
环境工程：álvaro Gutierrez-Cabello, Rafael Pérez, Mikel Aguirre, Lorena Muñoz
工程照明：álvaro Gutierrez-Cabello, Miguel García, Susaeta iluminación
公共卫生服务：álvaro Gutierrez-Cabello, Lorena Muñoz
电力工程：álvaro Gutierrez-Cabello, Miguel García
电信工程：Alvaro Gutierrez-Cabello Arce, Estibaliz Lekue, Ignacio Alcázar
平面设计：Natalia González Matrelle, Roberto Fernández de Gamboa, Inés Uribarren Rua
CAD制图：José Ramón Rodríguez, Carlos Olmedillas, Virginia Martín, Luis Miguel Escalona, Rebeca Pesquera
工程管理：Sonia López, Blanca Ugarte, Rosa Gutierrez
现场监理：Gonzalo Carro
施工执行管理：Gabriel Bustillo
摄影：Aitor Ortiz
*本文由专筑网编辑刘庆新译自plusmood.com，转载请注明出处。*
Historical Archive of the Basque Country by ACXT / Idom
The building is located in María Díaz de Haro Street, close to the main avenue of the city of Bilbao, the Gran Via. The plot measures 20 metres between the party walls of the adjoining buildings by 70 metres deep, and forms part of one of the blocks of the Ensanche (widening of the city) of Bilbao.
Below ground, the building occupies the entire plot. Above ground, the building is 25 metres deep, following the criteria established in the planning regulations.
The program is organized by floor, depending on the degree of access control of the different uses of the building.
The ground floor, first floor and part of the first basement floor are for free access public uses: the main lobby, reception area, and several exhibition rooms that can also be used as a multifunction space. Through the lobby on the ground floor, the garden is accessed, a space designed to accommodate different uses such as open-air exhibitions, a reading area or area for film projections.
On the second floor is the reading room and documentation consultation area, accessed by the public upon accreditation at reception.
On the remaining floors above ground are the administration areas, laboratories, and documentation processing areas. These are all non-public use areas. Below ground, and also for private use, are the document vaults, meeting rooms and parking facilities. These spaces are accessed directly from the street level by a car lift.
The main façade has been designed as a vibrating glass front that increases the perception of the building, breaking with the flatness of the street and emphasizing its location. The design seeks great transparency, allowing the workings of the building and the structure to be understood from the exterior. The outer glass skin is printed with extracts of texts from some of the documents preserved within the archive, in such a way that the building is not seen as sealed place, private and closed off from the citizen.
The interior façade has been designed with a language that tries to establish a formal dialogue with the rest of the buildings of the block, while retaining the contemporary character of the building. This façade and garden seeks to project a friendly image to the users of the courtyard, dignifying a typology normally uncared for in the buildings of the Ensanche.
In the interior of the building, we have opted for double height ceilings, with visible crossing points that will enrich the relationship between the different uses existing in the building. The planned work areas are clear, free of columns and flexible in order to facilitate adaptability to possible functional changes.
As much of the program has been developed underground, the use of natural light and ventilation has been maximized, in such a way that the lobbies to access the document vaults or garage, which is 20 metres below ground level, have natural light and ventilation. The nucleus of vertical communications and the nucleus of the lavatories of the building above ground level also have natural light. As a result, most of the spaces and areas of circulation are bright and pleasant.
The walls of the basement, which occupies the entire plot, have been executed using the hydrofraise technique, allowing them to be terminated before excavation commenced on the rock terrain. This decision meant that the execution times of the basement works were shortened and effect of vibration on the adjacent buildings was significantly reduced. Some of the surrounding buildings are almost 100 years old.
The primary use of the first three basement levels is that of a document archive, with capacity for 20 linear kilometres of shelving; equipped with an air conditioning system to control temperature and humidity, as well as a fire protection system using mist extinguishing.
A highly efficient air conditioning system has been designed which incorporates an enthalpy recovery and free cooling system, taking full advantage of the internal and external conditions to reduce energy consumption. In addition, in the courtyard of the block, a garden has been designed with vegetation around the air intake chiller which will help to cool the air in the hottest months of the year, allowing the system to function in a more efficient way.
The energy used for lighting is limited through the use of high-performance equipment and taking advantage of diffused light to illuminate all the areas of movement in the basements and garage, as mentioned above. Despite the depth of 20 metres, the use of light colours and light wells results in theses spaces being bright during daytime periods and not requiring artificial lighting.
Project Credits
Project: Archivo Histórico de Euskadi
Location: María de Haro, 3, Bilbao
Project director: Gonzalo Carro
Project architect: Gonzalo Carro
Other architects: Ion Zubiaurre, Javier Manjón, Oscar Ferreira da Costa
Project Management: Gonzalo Carro
Costs: Gabriel Bustillo, Fco. Javier Ruiz de Prada, Agurtzane Insa
Structures: Miguel Angel Corcuera, Romina González
Environmental Engineering: álvaro Gutierrez-Cabello, Rafael Pérez, Mikel Aguirre, Lorena Muñoz
Lighting: álvaro Gutierrez-Cabello, Miguel García, Susaeta iluminación
Public Health Services: álvaro Gutierrez-Cabello, Lorena Muñoz
Electrical Engineering: álvaro Gutierrez-Cabello, Miguel García
Telecommunications: Alvaro Gutierrez-Cabello Arce, Estibaliz Lekue, Ignacio Alcázar
Graphic Design: Natalia González Matrelle, Roberto Fernández de Gamboa, Inés Uribarren Rua
CAD: José Ramón Rodríguez, Carlos Olmedillas, Virginia Martín, Luis Miguel Escalona, Rebeca Pesquera
Administration: Sonia López, Blanca Ugarte, Rosa Gutierrez
Site Supervision: Gonzalo Carro
Construction execution management: Gabriel Bustillo
Photographer: Aitor Ortiz
*Appreciation towards plusmood.com for providing the project description.*
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