由专筑网韩平，刘庆新编译

Martens Van Caimere Architecten建筑事务所在比利时的旧屋改造采用了一种由大麻纤维与石灰和水混合制成的材料作为房屋外表皮饰面。

A material made by mixing hemp with lime and water forms a new layer of insulation around this house in Belgium, as part of a renovation by Ghent studio Martens Van Caimere Architecten.

© Cedric Verhelst

这种麻制材料也被称作麻凝土，将小屋的四面外墙都粉刷上厚厚的一层，既有利于保温，也有利于结构抗风化。这种材料也是传统夯土墙的一种演变。

我们从Martens Van Caimere Architecten建筑事务所创始人Nikolaas Martens中了解到，这种材料与混凝土的强度相同，但是更加环保经济。

Known as hempcrete, the hemp-based render was applied in thick layers to all four walls of the small house to help it retain heat and make the structure more weather-resistant. The result is a textured surface with a similar appearance to rammed earth.
According to architect Nikolaas Martens, one of the two co-founders of Martens Van Caimere Architecten, the material offers a similar but more sustainable and economical solution than concrete.

© Cedric Verhelst

“在我们的项目中，我们尽力采用一些降低建造成本的解决方案，”他对《Dezeen》说，“19世纪50、60、70年代的房屋一般不进行保温隔热。所以以可持续发展的原则改造这些房屋往往将花费更多。”

“麻凝土确保隔热并保证能一次完工，降低了成本，”他补充说，“又因为它是由废弃材料再利用而得，所以更加耐用，可循环。”

"In our projects we try finding solutions to lower the building costs," he told Dezeen. "In the 1950s, 60s and 70s, Belgians were building houses that were badly or not insulated. So renovating these houses in a sustainable way tends to be expensive."
"Hempcrete combines the insulation and finishing in one layer, reducing building costs," he continued. "Plus it is durable and sustainable, because it is made from a waste product."

© Cedric Verhelst

这种材料的浇筑方式与普通混凝土一致。木板用来创建围绕建筑四周的模板，并将麻凝土混合物一层一层地倒进模板中。当混合物干透，便可以拆模。也可以加入钢筋来增加承重墙的附加强度。

The material is processed in similar way to concrete. Wooden boards are used to create formwork around the perimeter of the building, and the hempcrete composite mixture is poured in layer by layer. The wood is removed once the mixture has dried. Steel wiring can also be added to give additional strength to load-bearing walls.

© Cedric Verhelst

建筑师Martens根据房子所处的村落位置，与Geraardsbergen的景观进行比较，将石灰加入到混合物中，使得材料可以表现出条纹。

“这种外观与这个项目很匹配，因为在Geraardsbergen中，条纹非常常见。”他说。

The introduction of lime to the mixture is what give the material its striated finish, which Martens compares with the landscape of Geraardsbergen – the village where the house is located.
"The look fitted with the project, because the strata in Geraardsbergen is very rich," he said.

© Cedric Verhelst

这个平房现在作为三口之家的小屋。它仅有一层，并配有一个有天窗的屋顶阁楼和一个凹陷的车库。

The bungalow now functions as a compact home for a family of three. It is predominantly single-storey, although it does have a small loft floor slotted in beneath the highest point of the roof, as well as a sunken garage.

© Cedric Verhelst

业主的主要要求，希望建筑能够在能源方面自给自足。

麻凝土外墙在某些程度上达到了该要求。建筑师还采用了木材火炉提供居住暖气和热水，太阳能电池板收集转化电能，雨水过滤系统能通过净化作用提供饮用和淋浴。

One of the main requests from the clients was for the building to be self-sufficient in terms of energy.
The new layer of hempcrete insulation goes some way towards achieving this. The architects also integrated a wood-burning stove to provide all of the building's heating and hot water, solar panels that generate electricity, and a rainwater filtration system that creates water for drinking and bathing.

© Cedric Verhelst

“业主都非常热爱自然，通过改造房屋，能够改善他们的生活条件，适应生活需求，”建筑师Martens说，“简言之，这是由可循环的材料建造的低能耗可循环的住房，并且融入了当地的环境中。”

"The clients love nature and, by renovating the house, an opportunity arose for upgrading their way of living, fitting their lifestyle," said Martens. "The brief was quite simple; it is a sustainable low-tech house designed with sustainable materials, and above all anchored in its environment."

© Cedric Verhelst

采用麻凝土建造的花园墙，环绕建筑及地面，形成北向阳台。也成为通向主要生活和餐厅区域的入口空间。

其余空间被分成四个区域，包含厨房、学习和两个卧室。中间是走廊和浴室及卫生间。

A garden wall – also finished in hempcrete – surrounds both the house and its grounds, framing a north-facing terrace on one side of the building. From here, a main entrance leads through to the main living and dining space.
The rest of the building is divided up into four quadrants, comprising the kitchen, study and a pair of bedrooms. Between them, corridors circulate around the bathroom and toilet.

© Cedric Verhelst

一个采用老房子原有木材建造的类似烟囱的结构一直延伸到屋顶。窗户都由木块做结构，建筑增加了两个北向的天窗。另外厨房的地板和墙面重新铺装，也增加了浴室和走廊空间。

A chimney-like structure extends up from the roof, clad with dark timber recycled from the house's original interior. Windows are framed by wooden blocks, and there are also two north-facing skylights. Other additions include tiled flooring and surfaces in the kitchen, bathroom and corridor spaces.

© Cedric Verhelst

业主选择改造房屋而不是拆除原有房屋也为他们节省了一大批增值税。

“根据税务法规，改造将在比利时越来越流行，”建筑师Martens补充说，“改造的增值税是6%，而建造新房，需要21%，非常昂贵。”

By choosing to renovate rather than demolishing the original house, the clients have saved a large percentage of VAT they would have otherwise had to pay.
"Due to tax regulations, renovation is becoming popular in Belgium," added Martens. "VAT is six per cent for renovation, so building new houses is in a way more expensive, with a VAT of 21 per cent."

© Cedric Verhelst

Martens Van Caimere Architecten建筑事务所希望将麻凝土应用到更多的项目中。该事务所最近将这种材料应用到瑞士的仓库设计中。

其他麻凝土材料的房屋包括英国对经济适用房的开发和法国乡村的改建房屋及谷仓。

Martens Van Caimere Architecten are interested in the potential of using hempcrete for more architectural projects. The firm is also working on the extension of a warehouse in Switzerland using the material.
Other examples of hempcrete architecture include an affordable housing development in England and a renovated house and barn in rural France.

Site plan/总平面图

Ground floor plan/底层平面图

First floor plan/一层平面图

Section/剖面

项目简介：
建筑设计：Martens Van Caimere Architecten建筑事务所
主要设计师：Robbe Van Caimere, Nikolaas Martens
助理设计师：Tina Peirlinck
结构工程师：Piet Lambert Engineering
能量计算：Martens Van Caimere Architecten
摄影：Cedric Verhelst

Project credits:
Architecture: Martens Van Caimere Architecten
Principal designers: Robbe Van Caimere, Nikolaas Martens
Assistant designers: Tina Peirlinck
Structural engineer: Piet Lambert Engineering
Energy calculation: Martens Van Caimere Architecten
Photography ： Cedric Verhelst

出处：本文译自www.dezeen.com/，转载请注明出处。