Baena Castle Restoration
由专筑网李梦婷，杨帆编译
来自建筑事务所的描述：在科尔多瓦巴埃纳，恢复其十二世纪城堡已经成为了一个主要的特色,因为它是建筑修复最大的和最重要的项目之一。格拉纳达本地建筑师José Manuel López Osorio被委任领导这个项目，正如他所指出的那样，探寻出一个既能考虑到巩固性又能优化它具有历史意义的结构完整性的视觉遗产，比如融入全球振兴过程中使城市区域一体化的能力。
From the architect. In Baena, Córdoba, restoring its XII century castle has acquired a major characteristic, as it is one of the largest and most important projects of architectural restoration. Granada native José Manuel López Osorio was the architect commissioned to lead the whole process, which as he points out, "seeks an integrated vision of heritage that considers both the consolidation and enhancement of its historic structures, such as the ability to integrate the urban areas where it is located into global processes of revitalization."
© Jesús Granada
为此，该项目在初期阶段已经解决了现存结构的修复问题，并加入新构件使其能在第二阶段发挥作用。正当Lopez Osorio完全投入于工作中，在所有类型的空间和构筑物中使用木材进行设计和结构处理的建筑事务所领导人Grupo GUBIA通过他的经验与专业知识在技术上解决了用伊罗科木材料作为连结两个不相连的遗迹塔楼的人行道的实验体系。
For this, the project has addressed the recovery of existing structures at an early stage and incorporated new elements that enable its use in a second stage. It is at this point, when Lopez Osorio has fully relied on the work, experience and expertise of Grupo GUBIA, an architecture office leader in the design and construction of all types of spaces and structures in wood, to technically solve an "experimental" system of iroko wood walkways which connect the different towers of the ruins.
© Jesús Granada
Plan Level 1/首层平面图
项目的第一阶段包括清洗和巩固城堡所有塔楼的墙体(在考古挖掘工程之后),维护现存的纹理,保存当前材料和展示部分损毁情况。
The first stage of the project consisted in cleaning and consolidating the walls of all towers of the castle (after the archaeological excavation works), maintaining existing textures, preserving the current materials and displaying partial damages.
© Jesús Granada
增加一个新的层次来恢复原始的体量：使手工细部雕刻的砂岩块与被损坏了的结构成为一个整体，使墙体能给人一种美丽的感受。这些新空间节点自然巧妙地允许了新功能的使用和参观原始的遗迹，因为在第二阶段，我们创造了复杂的木制人行道系统。
A new layer is added that recovers the original volumes: sandstone blocks arranged with details carved by hand, that integrate with the eroded fabric, offering a beautiful vibration to the walls. These new spaces lit naturally and subtly have allowed to incorporate new uses and to visit the original remains for which, in a second stage, we have created the complex system of wooden walkways.
© Jesús Granada
人行道系统：在修复工程中的木材原理
使用木材作为主要材料之一来参与修复这座巴埃纳艺术遗产一部分的建筑在建筑设计、构造和审美操作方面无疑是关键。这种高贵的材料给这座历史遗迹赋予了温暖友好的特性，在内部和外部空间之间建立了功能的连续性。所使用的黑色材质与石块、白色的混凝土墙体以及随着时间流逝覆盖上了绿铜的堡垒的有历史意义的墙体形成了色彩的对比。
Walkway system: the logic of wood in the restoration project.
The use of wood as one of the main materials involved in the restoration of this building which is part of the artistic heritage of Baena is certainly key in the architectural, constructive and aesthetic operation. The noble material provides a warm and friendly character to the monument, establishing a functional continuity between the interior and exterior spaces. The dark color of the species used provides a color contrast with blocks of stone and white concrete walls and relate to these historic walls of the fortress, covered with a patina with the passage of time.
© Jesús Granada
城堡中的每条木制人行道的几何结构和尺寸都是不同的，但或多或少都是由重复的有节奏的绿柄桑木模块通过不锈钢棒，螺母和垫圈的复杂系统串起来组合成的。这个复杂系统的目的是为了确保和更换任何一部分零件，这样在需要的时候，确保材料的移动和加速现场装置的过程，能在车间将模块配置好。在设计上人行道的建设性解决方案主要有助于促进雨水的疏散，雨水是在室外使用上损伤木材的最大因素之一。
Each wooden walkway in the castle is different in geometry and size, but all are composed of more or less repetitive and rhythmic modules formed by iroko wood strung through a complex system of stainless steel rods, nuts and washers. The purpose of the system is to ensure and facilitate the replacement of any part when necessary, allow the movement of the material and expedite the process of site assembly once the modules are configured in the workshop. Constructive solutions in the design of the walkways contribute to facilitate the evacuation of rainwater, one of the most harmful agents to wood in outdoor use.
© Jesús Granada
每个修复的木质塔楼的独特构造
关于塔楼的不同面，我们制作了一个立体的绿柄桑人行道，通过一个狭缝来设置它的步幅而且它的木板条与间距的比例与现存的通道的比例相同。壮观巨大的露台能俯瞰在遗迹南面对面的绿色景观。
Constructive peculiarities in each restored wooden tower.
As for the different faces of the tower, we made a solid iroko pavement, which through a slit sets the pace and the same proportion as the existing gateways between the wood slats and their separation; and the spectacular and imposing wooden balcony overlooking the green landscape around the monument on the opposite side, south.
© Jesús Granada
Adarve走道也配置了水平板条。它看起来像是被夹在两面石墙之间，产生了一个超过10米长的梯形空间。这条走道被分为六个模块，而且多亏了表面的测量工作很细致，我们可以在车间完整地制造它。
The Adarve walkway is also configured by horizontal slats. This looks sandwiched between two stone walls that create between them a trapezoidal shape over 10m long. Divided into six modules and thanks to the meticulous work of measuring the surface, we were able to manufacture it completely in the workshop.
© Jesús Granada
与此同时，西塔以它的西北通道的构造解决方案著名。T型钢在木材工程中能固定人行道至塔楼的内部基础。
The west tower, meanwhile, is noted for its constructive solution to the northwest walkway. Solid stainless steel "T" shapes also lined in timber project from the walkway to anchor to a base inside the tower.
© Jesús Granada
简而言之，巴埃纳修复项目的每一个行动和措施都是为了给城堡外墙得一个正确的阐释和在领域内建立一个双向的关系。这样做，José Manuel López Osorio 补充说明到，“通过一个不完全传统的模拟材料，在这些遗迹的阐释上提供了一定的自由度，不过那是作为质量元素，他们可以为耐久性提供保障和在需要时进行拆卸和替换。”
In short, each and every one of the actions and interventions in the Baena Castle restoration project have been aimed at a correct interpretation of the walled enclosure, and to establish a two-way relationship with the territory. Doing so, José Manuel López Osorio adds, "through not strictly traditionally mimetic materials, which have offered certain degrees of freedom in the interpretation of these remains, but that are intended as quality elements, they can offer guarantees of durability and are arranged so that it is possible to disassemble and replace them if necessary".
© Jesús Granada
这个已经完成的项目证明了对历史遗迹新用途可能性的探索胜过仅仅静观历史遗迹。
Objectives that are completed "with the possibility of including new uses of the monument that transcend the mere contemplation of historic remains."
© Jesús Granada
© Jesús Granada
Plan Leve 2/二层平面图
Detail A-B/细节 A-B
Detail C-D/细节 C-D
建筑师：José Manuel López Osorio
地点：西班牙，科尔多瓦，巴埃纳 14850
项目面积：4250.0㎡
摄影师：Jesús Granada
考古学家: Francisco Javier Ariza Rodríguez
木材结构: Grupo Gubia (Verónica Sancho)
Architects: José Manuel López Osorio
Location: 14850 Baena, Córdoba, Spain
Project Area: 4250.0 m2
Photographs: Jesús Granada
Archaeologist: Francisco Javier Ariza Rodríguez
Wood Structures: Grupo Gubia (Verónica Sancho)
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
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