Verdun Memorial Museum

由专筑网Ann，刘庆新编译

位置：提起凡尔登，让人不禁想起第一次世界大战。现如今，该地区的建筑和军事遗产对公众开放，追寻历史的记忆。凡尔登纪念博物馆是踏上探寻战争遗迹与纪念碑的历史之旅的一个出发点，纪念馆内介绍了凡尔登战役的历史渊源，同时也是接待游客的场所。

A Location: The city of Verdun was marked by a past attached to the history of the first world war. Nowadays, the architectural and military heritage of the region is visited, showed and presented to the public in a method connected to memories. The Verdun Memorial Museum represents one of the starting points of a tour which links together all these historical sites and monuments. It plays the part of an introduction to the history of the Battle of Verdun. It is the reception place for all visitors.

© JEAN-LUC KALUZKO

基地/建筑：纪念馆的建造采用了混凝土和石材，符合20世纪30年代的审美标准，建于60年代。停车场位于建筑旁，从石桥拾级而上，进入纪念馆。建筑像一座孤立在战场中的小岛，与周边环境分隔开来。建筑造型庄重刚毅，东西两侧设有竖向的条窗，南北两侧显得更加肃穆。平屋顶上设置了混凝土圆台和轻质穹顶。

A Site / A Building: The starting point of our research for this design was a concrete and stone building which had been built in the nineteen sixties according to the aesthetic codes of the nineteen thirties. Vehicles were parked downstairs even though the entrance into the Memorial Museum was situated on the upper level through a sort of stone bridge. Designed like an islet standing on a battlefield , the building was completely isolated from its context. Architectually rigid, the Eastern and Western walls were structured with a repetition of vertical openings, whereas the Northern and Southern walls were more austere. The flat roof was crowned with a concrete cupola forming a very light dome.

© HERVé ABBADIE

设计/再生：设计中面临的最严峻挑战是如何从技术角度解决停车场相关问题，与纪念馆联系起来，使入口部分和室内空间更加符合现代化需要，加强现有建筑的几何感。因此，考虑到建筑整体的透视关系，我们将纪念馆所有未来发展所需的功能空间都设置在石质建筑两边，被植被覆盖的路堤下。

A Design / A Rebirth: The principal challenge of our design was how to modernize the access to and the progression inside the building by adding technical and museum components on the car park level, thus reinforcing the geometry of the existent building. So, on either side of the stone building, beneath a plant covered embankment, we bury the whole of the functions necessary to the development of the future permanent scenography of the Memorial.

© HERVé ABBADIE

在前面，建筑北侧体量延伸至二级公路旁，像一条沟渠，向纪念馆和凡尔登战场的接待区倾斜。这条裂缝自东向西贯穿建筑，为未来纪念区的宽敞大厅预留空间。

At the front, the Northern extension built onto the secondary road has been designed like a trench into which to slip the reception functions of the Memorial and of the battlefield of Verdun. This rift goes through the building from the East to the West and allows space for a vast Hall to the scale of the future Memorial.

© HERVé ABBADIE

原始建筑具有强烈的存在感，入口部分的设计体现出建筑的纪念性，通过在面朝原建筑入口的一侧建造黑色的石质广场，突出了建筑旁二级公路的位置。

The strong presence of the original building, on the level of the secondary road is magnified by the creation of a black stone square facing the initial entry which keeps its ceremonial function.

© HERVé ABBADIE

最后，建筑顶部完全由玻璃构成，与石材形成对比，纪念馆由单一功能发展成为接待展示中心，玻璃空间就承载着新的功能，可以用作临展空间，也可以用作自助餐厅、信息中心、教育空间和儿童游戏室等场所。玻璃的屋顶空间宽敞明亮，视野开阔，能够纵览周边景观，比如杜奥蒙要塞和埋葬尸骨的地方。

Lastly, the roof becomes an expression ground for a completely glazed level to crown the stone building. This is the place for the development of the Memorial into an interpretation centre housing such new functions as a room for temporary exhibitions, a cafeteria, an information centre, an educational room and an area for children. These light and clear environments allow direct views of the surrounding landscapes of the battlefield, the Fort of Douaumont and the Ossuary.

© HERVé ABBADIE

材料的选择对建筑形象至关重要：底层部分--被植物覆盖的底层部分，采用了大型黑色混凝土板打造出一个接待大厅，像贯穿建筑的景观通道一样引导人们来至主要入口空间；平台—平台的设计为建筑创造出新的比例关系。黑色的铺石广场上矗立着小小的白色石质建筑，石砌高度不变，还拥有小礼堂和经重新整修的橡木大门；屋顶部分—加建部分赋予建筑以现代感，利用轻质金属结构打造出明亮宽敞的玻璃空间，后面排列有序的橡木板条修饰了建筑整体造型。

A Choice of materials which reinforces the original building: -The base level Buried under a plant covered area, punctuated and structured with big black concrete sails, it houses the reception hall and puts the main access back in its place just like a landscape running through it. -The plateau This plateau displays the pre-existent building in its new proportion.  It is a small white stone building standing on a black stone square with its original ceilings, its little auditorium and its restored monumental oak wood doors. -The belvedere The added storey endows the restored Memorial with a new modernity. This light metallic structure houses a white widely glazed storey, cut to shape at the back by an organic piece of pure oak wood.

© HERVé ABBADIE

特殊的建造经历：凡尔登纪念馆历经24个月重获新生。在凡尔登这片神圣的土地上，无数的建筑公司曾希望利用自身专业技能将原始建筑物打造成一批新的现代建筑。爆破组花了两个月的时间来清理战场遗迹。清理过程中获得了新的发现，通过开凿和挖掘，找到了许多炮弹和子弹，德法士兵的尸体也被发掘出来。

A Singular building process: 24 months were necessary to see the rebirth of the Verdun Memorial completed. It is on this sacred land of Verdun that the numerous construction firms have brought their local expertise to convey to the original building a new architectural strength. 2 months were necessary to a team of bomb disposal experts to get rid of battlefield remains. These activities caused numerous discoveries and excavations, shells and ammunition were found, German and French soldiers’ corpses were exhumed.

© HERVé ABBADIE

建筑具有很强的可塑性和美学潜能，混凝土圆顶被拆除，加建项目获得审批——屋顶部分的金属结构附加层工程（约600平方米），建造两个置于地下的裙楼（每个345约平方米），由钢筋混凝土和金属梁架构成的700平方米的接待中心，连接原始建筑的各个部分，去除1500平方米永久收藏展览厅。

plastic and aesthetic potential, once the concrete dome had been put down. This vast operation has permitted -The construction of an additional storey ( about 600sqm. ) with metallic structure on the roof of the building. -The creation of 2 buried wings of 345 square metres each, and of a 700square metres reception space made of reinforced concrete and metallic beams. -The connection of the different parts of the original building so as to clear 1500 square metres for the permanent collections exhibition hall.

© HERVé ABBADIE

不仅在本次项目中，而是时至今日，在凡尔登战场的遗址内进行建筑工程活动，都令设计施工团队忧心忡忡。在这片基地之中，破坏性的改造活动转变为对历史记忆的尊重。如今基地内出现了一片人造森林，还给土地一片宁静，同时也见证着凡尔登纪念馆的重生，就像战役中的老兵曾经希望的那样。

The singularity of this building site situated on the scene of the battlefield of Verdun has haunted every member of the working team during this operation and still does today. Working in this landscape which had been remodelled by the conflict imposes a respect of memories. This is how the quietness of this artificial forest, which today constitutes its setting, witnessed the rebirth of the Verdun Memorial Museum that the war veterans had wished for

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凡尔登战役纪念馆项目1914-1918
建筑设计：Architects Brochet Lajus Pueyo / Scenographer Le-conte et Noirot
景观设计：Let's Grow
结构设计：Khephren Ingénierie
协调：Prévôt Ingénierie
摄影：Hervé Abbadie
制图：Robaglia Design
照明设计：8'18"
MEP：Inex
安全：Cin'etudes
可持续设计：INEX
委托人：Comité National du Souvenir de Verdun CNSV / Société d'Equipement du Bassin Lorrain SEBL
项目管理：Julien Woycinkiewicz
建筑评估：Overdrive
竞赛日期：2012年12月
项目执行：2013年12月
开放：2016年2月
总建筑面积：5625平方米
层数：4层
建筑成本：10 600 000€ TVA Exc.

Program Mémorial de la Bataille de Verdun 1914-1918
DESIGN：Architects Brochet Lajus Pueyo / Scenographer Le-conte et Noirot
LANDSCAPE：Let's Grow
STRUCTURES：Khephren Ingénierie
COORDINATION：Prévôt Ingénierie
PHOTO：Hervé Abbadie
GRAPHIC：Robaglia Design
LIGTHING：8'18"
MEP：Inex
SAFE：Cin'etudes
SUSTAINABILITY：INEX
CLIENT：Comité National du Souvenir de Verdun CNSV / Société d'Equipement du Bassin Lorrain SEBL
PROJECT MANAGERS：Julien Woycinkiewicz
CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATORS：Overdrive
DATES：Competition December 2012
Executive Project December 2013
Building Opening February 2016
DIMENSIONS
Total Project surface 5 625
Floor nr 4
Building cost 10 600 000€ TVA Exc.
                    

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