Macdonald Wright在肯特郡乡下的别墅以烘房为原型
Macdonald Wright models Kentish country house on traditional hop kilns
由专筑网李韧，韩平编译
烟囱状屋顶的建筑环绕着一个僻静的庭院形成这座特殊的私人住宅。这座位于英国肯特郡的别墅，其独特的屋顶和赤褐色色调都来自于该地区的传统建筑。
Macdonald Wright建筑事务所的英国建筑师James Macdonald Wright与Rural工作室的Niall Maxwell合作设计这座为一家三代提供住宅的木房子。
Rooms topped with chimney-like roofs surround a secluded courtyard to from this house in Kent, England, which takes its angular form and russet colouring from the area's hop-drying oast towers.
British architect James Macdonald Wright of Macdonald Wright Architects worked with Niall Maxwell of Rural Office for Architecture on the design for Caring Wood house, which provides a residence for three generations of the same family.
Wright将基地选在占地34公顷的肯特郡乡村，这里距离伦敦并不遥远。
场地上原来是许多农业塑料大棚，但为了这座别墅的建设，这些大棚都已被清除。其余的土地都还原为林地，这是建筑的规划要求之一。
Wright selected an 34-hectare plot of the Kent countryside, just a stone's throw from London.
The plot had been populated by agricultural polytunnels, but these were cleared away to make space for the house. The remainder was returned to woodland – one of the planning stipulations for the build.
房子坐落在小山丘的一侧，几个棱角分明的瓦屋顶组成几个小体块。屋顶的风格来源于该地区的传统烘房，这是在酿酒过程中用来制备干酒花的房间。
沿着庭院种植的25000棵树木的做法，促成项目的规划许可，这使得它有可能成为一个独一无二的当代项目，因为它们可以算是“真正杰出的创新”。
Situated on the side of a small hill, the house appears as a group of small individual blocks defined by angular tile-covered roofs. The style of the roofs alludes to the area's traditional oast houses, which are used to dry hops in preparation for the brewing process.
This reference, alongside the planting of 25,000 native trees in the grounds, contributed to the project being granted planning permission under PPS7 – a planning document that makes it possible to build ambitious contemporary projects, on the grounds that they are "truly outstanding or innovative".
Photograph is by Heiko Prigge
“该项目的设计理念有双重含义：一方面是体现英国传统乡村住宅精神，另一方面则是基于场所的背景与景观。”建筑师表示，“无论是在维持碳平衡还是基于灵活的设计本身，一个家庭要为生命提供可持续性，这个设计应当能够容纳一个完整的家庭以及考虑到他们的子孙后代。”
"Its brief was twofold: to embody the spirit of the English country house and estate in a design that would embrace its context and landscape," said the architects, "and to provide a sustainable home for life, both in the sense of carbon neutrality and in terms of a flexible design that can accommodate an entire family and evolve with them, potential being extended for future generations."
这些看似断开的体块实际上在石头底座上相连，形成四个独立又有联系的空间体量，这代表了大家庭的四个单元，他们共享一个中央庭院。
建筑的屋顶向下延伸，几乎触到地面。这些屋顶由150000个手工制作的萨塞克斯瓷砖组成，安装在交叉层压木材结构上。
The seemingly disconnected blocks are in fact connected at their rag-stone bases, providing four separate yet linked spaces that represent the four units of the extended family. These are arranged like a pinwheel around a shared central courtyard.
Their roofs descend down to almost touch the ground. These are covered in 150,000 handmade peg tiles from Sussex, which are mounted on a cross-laminated timber structure.
建筑设计时优先考虑的是树林和草地的田园景观，内部庭院作为沉思空间。屋顶之间的缝隙将人们的视线有时引导向天空，有时引导向地面水池。
水池周围铺设赤陶土地砖，而墙壁和屋檐则覆盖的是浅色木镶板。
While the house prioritises views out over the bucolic landscape of woods and meadows, this inner courtyard is intended as a space for contemplation. The aperture between the roofs draws the eye upward towards the sky or down to a pool of water.
Terracotta tiles pave the ground surrounding the reflective pool, while the walls and eaves are covered in light-toned wood panelling.
建筑师为整个家庭设计了一个家庭娱乐空间，这是一个放置有钢琴的房间，能够容纳50多名客人，甚至可以举办了独奏音乐会，也可以作为艺术品收藏展区。
室内粉刷成白色，环绕着木地板，以此来强调天花板的不规则性和高度。
“人们在室内透过屋顶同样能够欣赏到很好的景观，屋顶也为卧室提供了十分恰当的尺度，同时将自然光引入室内。”建筑师表示，“最大的一个楼梯将大阁楼与地面生活区相连接。”
The plan is arranged to provide a mixture of family and entertaining space, with a room containing a grand piano designed to accommodate more than 50 guests for a recital, as well as viewings of the clients' art collection.
The interior is painted white throughout, bar its wooden floors, to emphasis the irregularities and height of the ceiling.
"The roofs find expression from the inside of the house as well, giving magnitude to the ceilings of even modest-sized bedrooms and creating natural opportunities for light wells," said the architects, "the largest of which illuminates a monumental staircase descending from Caring Wood's grand mezzanine area to the lower ground living quarters."
一个小平房与烘炉式屋顶以及石墙就是一个家。
建筑的许多设施都被设计成节约能源的环保型设施，并且所有的二氧化碳排放都被完全抵消。地源热泵为屋子供热，而电力则来源于太阳能电池板。雨水也通过收集再利用，建筑的庭院在夏季则提供了被动降温功能。
A small cottage with a matching oast-style roof and rag-stone walls just a short distance away from the main house and provides a home for the estate manager.
Both properties are designed to be use as little energy as possible, and for all CO2 emissions to be fully offset. A ground-source heat pump heats the house, while electricity is supposed by solar panels integrated into a bank. Rainwater is also harvested and reused on the site, and the courtyard in the main house provides passive cooling in summer.
25000种本土树木将在未来40年内吸收约25000吨碳。
通向这座房子的路径也是经过精心策划，林地、草地、湿地以及灌木丛与车行道区分开来。
The 25,000 native trees are also designed to do their bit by absorbing around 25,000 tonnes of carbon over the next 40 years.
The approach route to the house was carefully curated, with patches of woodland, meadow, wetland and hedgerow revealing and concealing views along different sections of the driveway.
“随着人们所处的位置不同，他们看到山上的房子的样子也不同。在历史悠久的乡村风格中，我们所要营造的感觉是人们随意的一瞥，它便深深的印刻在你的脑海里。”建筑师说。
“从西边的山顶到门槛的最后一步，建筑的序列得以控制。它以控制视线的方式来凸显了主入口。”
"The fact that the house emerges from the hill also affects the way that it is seen on approach. In historic country house style, a sense of anticipation is created by providing a glimpse of the house and then restricting it," explained the architects.
"The final approach over the brow of the hill from the west and to the threshold allows the house to take control. It limits views and expresses its entrance."
该团队与农业及野生动物咨询小组合作，开展植树造林，他们希望能为100年前因森林砍伐而流离失所的高危野生动物提供栖息地。
林地可以作为精心修剪的花园，也可以是大面积草地、花坛和菜地。
The team worked with the Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group to develop the planting, which they hope will provide a habitat for at-risk wildlife displaced by deforestation of the site around a 100 years ago.
The woodland gives ways to more manicured gardens with areas of lawn, flower beds and vegetable patches further towards the house.
2012年，建筑师Duggan Morris修复并扩建了邻近的萨塞克斯县老房子，使用了锯橡树覆盖建筑底层部分，以此来强调修复工作并不是在挑战建筑的屋顶高度。
除非另有说明，照片来源均为James Morris
In 2012, architects Duggan Morris restored and extended an old oast house in the neighbouring county of Sussex, using roughly-sawn oak to clad a low-rise addition that emphasises rather than challenges the height of the building's roof.
Photography is by James Morris unless otherwise stated.
Photograph is by Heiko Prigge
项目信息：
建筑师：James Wright和Niall Maxwell
设计和项目经理：Macdonald Wright建筑事务所
执行建筑师：Rural Office for Architecture
景观生态学顾问：spacehub
结构工程师：Price和Myers
计划顾问：DHA Planning
服务工程师：Synergy Consulting Engineers
生态建筑顾问：Conker Conservation
声学顾问：Neill Woodger Acoustics和Theatre Design
工程项目经理：Alex McLennan
主承包商：Cardy Construction
基础结构：Hague Construction
景观承包商：Landform Consultants
Project credits:
Architects: James Wright and Niall Maxwell
Design and project managers: Macdonald Wright Architects
Executive architects: Rural Office for Architecture
Landscape and ecology consultant: Spacehub
Structural engineer: Price and Myers
Planning consultant: DHA Planning
Services engineer: Synergy Consulting Engineers
Ecological building consultant: Conker Conservation
Acoustic consultant: Neill Woodger Acoustics and Theatre Design
Groundworks project manager:Alex McLennan
Main contractor: Cardy Construction
Groundworks and structure: Hague Construction
Landscaping contractor: Landform Consultants
出处：本文译自www.dezeen.com/，转载请注明出处。
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