坦桑尼亚妇女中心
Women's Center in a Maasai village
Arusha, Tanzania

由专筑网李韧，韩平编译

由于时代的影响，坦桑尼亚的乡土建筑正在逐渐消失。甚至当地的传统民族马赛人长久以来赖以生存的生活方式都被迫改变。

建筑业正在悄悄发生着变化，寻求更可持续的技术是必然趋势。由于砖石结构的建筑更牢固耐用，并且便于后期的维修，因此传统木材和泥浆建造的房屋正在逐渐被取代。

Vernacular architecture in Tanzania is quickly disappearing due to modern influences. Years ago Maasai were forced into sedentary lifestyle after living as nomads for many generations.
Construction is changing and the search for more sustainable techniques is essential. The traditional houses built with wooden sticks and mud are being replaced by fired brick constructions, since these are longer lasting and easier to maintain.

这个项目与国家妇女组织合作，这个组织的任务是通过各种工作坊为妇女及少女们提供基本的健康教育知识。在与国家妇女组织的合作下，C-re-aid事务所推荐了坦桑尼亚的马赛村。

The project we are presenting, is in partnership with Femme International. This organization's mission is to provide to women and girls in developing communities essential education through workshops about female anatomy, reproductive health, essential hygiene, and menstruation; and distribution of Femme Kits. Together with Femme International, C-re-aid introduced those kits to the women in Maji Moto, a Maasai village close to Arusha (Tanzania).

这个项目的目的是要产生相应的社会影响、改善社区（尤其是女性）的生活。事实上，在这个村子里，人们意识到妇女们正在依靠自己的能力逐渐改善生活，但她们却没有合适的地方用于开会和与洽谈，因此，该项目是一个小型基础设施——妇女中心，为她们提供聚集在一起的空间，另外，这个妇女中心将由妇女管理。

The aim of this project, is to make a social impact and to improve the life of the community, especially of the women. In fact, in this village, we realized that women were forming several groups, working in micro-finances, yet no proper place where to meet and arrange their businesses. Therefore, a small infrastructure such as a Women's Center would give them the possibility to meet all together and to increase their incomes. This Women's Center would be managed by the women.

这里还有一个小办公室，她们可以在办公室里进行文案工作，还有一家小商店，在那里她们可以购买到想要的东西，同时还有一个开放空间，她们可以在这里聚集洽谈、开会。建筑师们希望这能成为一个原型，未来在各个村庄都能建立起来。

This infrastructure would include a small office where they could write, sign, and store papers and materials; a small shop where they could obtain Femme kits; and a covered open space where they could meet. This space would also be a place where they could obtain Femme's education through several workshop, personal advices or continuous training ship. We hope this could become a prototype to enable duplication of the design in different villages where Femme International will be active in the future.

对于这个妇女中心的建设，建筑师们考虑了以下因素：

由于预算较低，因此需要使用尽可能多地运用当地材料，因为其他外地材质需要经过长途运输，这样十分不方便，这也是这座建筑用砖石砌筑的原因。建筑师大量使用了当地烧结的耐火砖，这样还能促进当地经济的发展。同时，建筑师也想通过这个建筑来探索这一材料是否有更多的可能性，因此该建筑也成为这个区域的一个成功范例。

For the construction of the Center, several things have been taken into account which have affected the final design:

The use of as much as possible local materials has been essential for the development of the project since, due to the low budget, the transport of materials from the city was not convenient. That is why we decided to build with a combination of stones and fire bricks. The use of fire bricks, as it's made in the village, it promotes a local economy through a local material. We also want to explore all the possibilities of this material so the building could be an example for the community of other ways of using it.

然而，建筑师意识到那些砖块对环境产生了一定的负面影响，因为有许多人通过非法砍伐森林来获取烧结砖所需的木材，因此妇女中心建成之后，大量的林地地区需要重新适应气候，并且人们也逐渐提高这方面的环保意识。

However, we do realize that those bricks produce a lot of environmental damage - including illegal deforestation due to the large quantities of wood required to fire the bricks; which is why the Women’s Center has been built, as part of a master plan which includes the planting of trees adapted to the climate as well as raising awareness of the importance of doing this.

当地工匠的使用有助于项目的专业化，并且对正在学习贸易的年轻人来说也是个很好的培训机会。在农村地区，并不存在建筑师这个概念，因为是工匠在负责所有的工作。因此，新技术与传统技术相结合，并且在后续的施工现场也可以开发出更多的技术工艺。

The use of the local workforce has contributed to the specialization of craftsmen and to the training of young people who were learning their trade. In rural areas the job of architect does not exist, seeing as craftsmen are the only ones in charge of all the required work. That way the new techniques are embedded in their common knowledge and they can continue to be developed on subsequent construction sites.

简约设计是一个重要特征，因为这让她们能够运用家里自己熟悉的某些资源和素材，例如围绕会议室的石头长凳，或安全而充满生气的商店橱窗。

The simplicity of the design is an important feature for the inhabitants of the village, as it allows them to replicate certain aspects of it in their own homes with few resources and materials, such as the stone benches that surround the meeting space or the safe and resourceful shop window.

这座建筑的预算是2100欧元，包括后勤、劳动力和物资。它只运用了17个工作日便建立起来，施工团队只有5个人，其中包括一个施工监理、两个瓦工和两个学徒。

The building was completed with a budget of 2100 Euros, including logistics, labor and materials. It was built in 17 work days by a group of 5 people, of which one was a construction supervisor, two were bricklayers and two were student architects.

这个项目的目的是激发建筑学学生和相关教师的热情。学生们可以利用暑假时间进行建筑实践，帮助建立相应的社区感，创造国际合作项目，同时也可以让学生发展他们的专业技能。

The aim of this project is to enthuse input from both students of architecture and related faculties. Students can dedicate their summer to being trained as architects and help to build communities and related faculties can create programs of international cooperation. This allows students to develop their skills.

通过坦桑尼亚当地的C-re-aid事务所你可以参加Dar es Salaam建筑学院的项目。

Through C-re-aid in Tanzania you can participate in a project of your own in the company of a student from the Faculty of Architecture in Dar es Salaam.

设计公司：C-re-a.i.d.
类型：政府+健康›社区中心
现状：建成
年份：2016年
大小：0- 1000平方英尺
预算：0-10000美元

FIRM:C-re-a.i.d.
TYPE:Government + Health › Community Center
STATUS:Built
YEAR:2016
SIZE:0 sqft - 1000 sqft
BUDGET:$0 - 10K

  
出处：本文译自architizer.com/，转载请注明出处。