A House in Yarmouk / Studio Toggle

由专筑网李韧，韩平编译

来自建筑事务所的描述：Yarmouk私人别墅里是一对兄弟和他们的家人在科威特的住宅。建筑被划分成两个相同独立的体量，建筑中分布着各种光井和阳台，一层还有一个开阔的花园空间，这些空间是建筑自然采光的主要来源。

From the architect. The Yarmouk private villa is home to two brothers and their families in Kuwait. The volume is divided in the center of the plot into two identical units housing the independent quarters of each of the two families. A series of light wells and balconies throughout the house, along with a discreet garden space on the ground floor, focuses on the project’s main narrative of diffused natural lighting.

© Gijo Paul George

© Gijo Paul George

别墅的地下空间和屋顶平台相互贯通，在这里兄弟姐妹和他们的家人能够聚在一起社交。地下室有一个大宴会厅，两侧分别有采光井，从而保证地下空间也有充足的自然光线，由光亮的石灰华覆盖的房间具有经典优雅的宴会厅氛围。地下室还有10辆汽车的停车位和一个员工宿舍，这里同样也是自然采光。

The basement of the house and its roof terrace cap the building with elements of unity and interaction, where the siblings and their families are able to get together and socialize. The basement includes a large banquet hall with light wells on either side to bring in ample natural light. The room, covered completely in travertine, sets a more classic and elegant atmosphere for larger gatherings. The basement also includes parking facilities for 10 cars and a staff quarters, also naturally lit.

© Gijo Paul George

© Gijo Paul George

两个独立的单元的布局相同，但形式却没有完全对称，地下一层为每个家庭提供社交区域，两侧则是一个私密的花园，从这里可以通过大滑动窗户与室内空间相联系。沿着建筑中央居住空间形成的垂直采光井使得建筑最大限度地获得自然光线，一层的外侧是卧室，中央则是公共区域和厨房。

The independent units follow an identical plan although the form is articulated to disrupt symmetry. The ground floor houses the social areas for each family and is flanked by a very private garden that lights up the interiors through large sliding windows. Vertical circulation is organized along the middle of the house and the living spaces organized along the building periphery to maximize natural light. The first floor houses the bedrooms in a similar way along the outer edge, including a sky-lit communal area and a kitchenette in the center.

剖面图/Section

室内空间的材质与空间的功能层次密切相关，例如充满戏剧感的音乐厅使用的是大理石，卧室、储藏室和阅览室则运用的是淡淡的暖色调，再结合银白色油石灰地板，为地下生活带来美好的心情。

The materiality of the interiors is driven by the hierarchy of the space, ranging from a dramatic music room finished in an aptly titled scandalous marble, to the almost Scandinavian simplicity of the upper levels that houses the bedrooms, pantry and the informal reading room. Subtle warm tones, achieved by a combination of silver travertine cladding with white oil finished ash parquet, set the mood for the ground floor living and dining areas.

© Gijo Paul George

客户要求概述

客户的要求虽然简单，但却很有挑战性，因为要在预算非常有限的情况下尽可能高效地利用场地。客户的要求很明确，需要两个完全相同但又完全独立的家庭单元，并且需要专用的共享区域进行沟通交流，同时，由于人员较多，地下停车场也必不可少，另外，还要有一个共享的宴会厅。因此，最终的方案里每个家庭单元有5间卧室套间、一个正式的起居室（可用作）、家庭生活和用餐区、儿童游戏室和一个大厨房。楼上还有公共阅览室和餐具室。女性工作人员在二层有自己的套房，男员工的则在地下室。

Outline of Client's Vision
The clients’ vision was very straightforward but challenging as it called for a dense program relative to the plot size on a very restrictive budget. The clients were very specific on the need for two identical yet completely independent units for the two families, and dedicated shared areas for interaction.  Parking in the basement was essential due to the dense program and large footprint that would entail. A shared banquet hall, doubling up as the Dewaniya, was also part of client’s requirement.  Each unit was to have 5 bedrooms ensuite, a formal living / music room, family living and dining area, a kids play room and a large kitchen. Upper floor was also to have a communal reading space and a pantry. Female staff would be on the second floor with their own suites and the male staff next to the parking in a basement suite with clerestory windows to afford natural lighting and ventilation.

© Gijo Paul George

客户要求建筑要足够简单，同时最大限度地减少了后期维护和保养的需要。自然照明，通风空间，以及散步在建筑周围的私人花园是设计的主要亮点。

The clients requested a simple well-built house that minimizes the need for heavy maintenance and upkeep. Naturally lit, airy spaces were an essential parameter along with private garden spaces scattered around the house.

剖面等距/Section Isometric

© Gijo Paul George

设计场所

Yarmouk小屋位于科威特的一个安静的郊区住宅区。极端炎热的气候和偶尔的沙尘暴对这些地区的建筑设计影响深刻。该地块面向郊区住宅街，相邻三面封闭。周围的建筑是具有传统风格的独立别墅，从而这座小屋能够与周围环境的某些元素形成呼应与对比的同时，也为街道提供了新的美学观点。由于人均汽车数量较多，停车位不足，于是汽车常常直接停放在人行道上，从而影响了行人空间。解决这个问题的办法是在建筑物前形成一条行人通道，并与景观结合，然后在建筑的地下室提供充足的停车设施。

Context
This house is located in Yarmouk, a quiet suburban residential neighborhood in Kuwait. The extremely hot climate and its occasional dust storms and hot desert winds influence the way buildings are designed in these areas. The site faces a suburban residential street, and is enclosed on the other 3 sides by adjacent houses.  The surrounding built fabric consists of independent villas with a more traditional design; allowing this house the opportunity to reflect on certain elements of its surroundings, yet provide a new aesthetic to the street it occupies. Pedestrian space is limited because cars are generally parked on the pavements, due to the lack of parking spaces and the high number of cars per capita. This issue was tackled by having a well-defined pedestrian pathway in front of the building, integrated with the landscape and also providing more than adequate parking facilities in the basement of the building.

© Gijo Paul George

设计

客户要求尽可能地利用整个场地，同时要求两个家庭单元需相同并且并排分布。这为建筑师带来了多重挑战：他们需要在封闭和开放的空间中找到平衡点，并为住宅的所有区域提供充足的自然照明。

Design
The client’s brief called for a very dense program relative to the allowed footprint and also for the two units to be identical and side-by-side. This posed multiple challenges to the architects in terms of finding a balance between enclosed and open spaces, as well as bringing sufficient natural lighting to all areas of the house.

© Gijo Paul George

Studio Toggle事务所则很好地解决了这些问题，建筑师在建筑周边设计了采光井，阳台和露台则设计了不同程度的透明度和透光孔。通过这种方法产生一系列精心设计的自然照明空间，而建筑功能空间的层次结构使得它们依然具有私密性。

Studio Toggle chose to address these challenges in an incremental manner by creating light wells, balconies and decks affording varied degrees of transparency and porosity throughout the building. This approach resulted in a choreographed sequence of naturally lit spaces with a well-defined hierarchy dictating its degree of privacy

© Gijo Paul George

© Gijo Paul George

开放式地面将自然光引入起居室和就餐区，通过室内的滑动玻璃板人们可以通向室外花园空间，同时还能最大限度的利用自然光，而悬挑构架则能够减少阳光直射。花园里，高围墙和百叶窗围合着公共区域的绿色植物与自然光线，也为建筑的各个功能房间提供隐私性保障。

The open-plan ground floor brought natural light into the living and dining area through its wide sliding glass panels leading to the outdoor garden space towards the edge of the plot. While maximizing the natural light, overhangs were employed strategically to decrease direct sunlight and solar heat gain. The garden, with its high walls and louvers fosters greenery and light for the social spaces, including the banquet room in the basement, while affording total privacy from neighboring buildings.

平面图/Plans

类似的技术也应用在了一层，以确保每个房间都能得到自然采光。阳光通过大天窗进入空隙区域，把它变成一个明亮的公共阅读区。建筑的外观主要由白水泥完成，百叶窗为入口门厅等空间提供了必要的隐私保护功能。

A similar technique is applied on the first floor, placing all bedrooms on the parameter to ensure windows in each room for their own natural lighting. A large skylight lights up the resulting interstitial area turning it into a brightly lit communal reading spot. The exterior of the house is finished in an austere palette of white cement render contrasted against the rough grey finish of the window frames and louvers. The louvers afford necessary privacy to the stepped entrance foyer and the roof garden and soften the impact of the crisp white massing.

© Gijo Paul George

© Gijo Paul George

可持续原则

自然光和科威特的炎热气候之间需要一种平衡，既不能有过多的直射阳光，也不能完全没有日照，Studio Toggle事务所用了一个办法解决了这个难题，建筑师增加了建筑的各个开放空间，为建筑带来自然采光的同时又避免了阳光的直射。

另外，建筑师采用白热反射和自洁外墙涂料系统，减少了热量的增加，同时也消除了灰尘。百叶窗和出挑构件也减少阳光的直射以及眩光的产生。

Sustainability
The design and its requirements birthed a duality between the necessity of natural light and Kuwait’s scorching hot climate. Studio Toggle approached this duality with a multi pronged strategy in which light pockets are distributed along the buildings mass, increasing it porosity while avoiding direct sun. These light pockets, by virtue of their strategic locations, helped in lighting up the interiors while avoiding the harsh direct sunlight.
White heat reflecting, and self-cleaning exterior paint system was used to reduce the heat gain as well as repel dust, which is a recurring problem. Louvers and overhangs were generously incorporated to avoid and reduce direct sun and glare.

© Gijo Paul George

建筑还运用了传感器和智能灌溉系统，从而减少电力和水的使用，经过计算这为建筑节省了近20%的电力和40%额灌溉用水。因为客户对空气质量要求较高，因此建筑师运用了Low VOC油漆和涂层系统来改善室内空气质量。建筑的地板垫层还采用了环保的软木隔音措施。

Sensors and smart irrigation systems were incorporated to reduce electricity and water usage and demonstrates a measured saving of almost 20 percent electricity and 40 percent water used for irrigation.  Low VOC paint and coating systems were used for better indoor air quality, as the client was very specific in this regard.  The project also employs extensive use of eco-friendly cork for acoustic insulation and as underlays below the parquet flooring.

© Gijo Paul George

平行投影/Paralell Projection

地下室等距/Basement Isometric

底层等距/Ground Floor Isometric

一层等距/First Floor Isometric

二层等距/Second Floor Isometric

建筑设计：Studio Toggle
地点：科威特
主创建筑师：Hend Almatrouk, Gijo Paul George
面积：2500平方米
项目时间：2017年
摄影：Gijo Paul George
制造商：Moooi, Tom Dixon, Sanitana, JNF, TAL, Wicanders

Architects: Studio Toggle
Location: Al Yarmouk St, Kuwait City, Kuwait
Lead Architects: Hend Almatrouk, Gijo Paul George,
Area: 2500.0 m2
Project Year: 2017
Photographs: Gijo Paul George
Manufacturers: Moooi, Tom Dixon, Sanitana, JNF, TAL, Wicanders


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。