Espacionero提出通过重新审视阿兹台克历史来改造墨西哥城的水基础设施
espacionero proposes to revolutionize mexico city’s water infrastructure by revisiting aztec history

由专筑网黎旭辰，李韧编译

根据墨西哥的建筑工作室Espacio Nero的调查，墨西哥城与水的关系正面临着严峻挑战，在雨季，城市的某些地区遭受洪灾，造成严重破坏，对城市的建筑与居民有着巨大的危险。灾害的形成原因是过于广泛的城市化从而导致绿地景观的严重缺乏，以及城市过于依赖地下排水系统。相反，在干旱季节，由于热效应和饮用水短缺，水资源的严重缺乏也会对公共卫生造成严重后果。这种影响甚至会导致植被脱水和地面沉降。

according to mexican architecture practice espacio nero, mexico city is facing serious challenges regarding its relation with water, where during the rainy season, certain parts of the city suffer flash floods that bring serious damage and represent a great danger. causes can be found in the landscape’s topography, its vast urbanization and lack of open green spaces, as well as in its total dependence on an extensive subterranean drainage system. contrarily, during the dry season there is a serious lack of water that has acute consequences on public health due to heat stress and a drinking water shortage. this fluctuation causes the dehydration of vegetation and land subsidence.


这个提案的重点是依据传统历史，从而恢复墨西哥城的乌托邦能力｜this proposal is focused on recuperating mexico city’s utopic capacity based on tenochtitlan history

今天，墨西哥盆地上充斥着墨西哥的各大城市；但在新建街道的下方是阿兹特克帝国的首府特诺奇蒂特兰城的废墟。“为了了解目前墨西哥的洪水问题，”Espacio Nero说，“有必要重新考察阿兹特克时代的城市规划。”根据当地的神话，神“维齐洛波奇特利”（Huitzilopochtli）命令他的人民——墨西哥人建立这座城市，他们发现“一只老鹰栖息在一个仙人掌上，并且杀死了一条蛇”。这些发生在特克斯科（Texcoco）湖的一个岛上，在那里人们发现了盆地的内生性质，雨季的水位上升并淹没了这个岛屿的一部分，这迫使墨西哥人为了生存，而更加深入地了解周围的水域。

today, the mexican basin is filled with the sprawling metropolis of mexico city; but underneath the newly rebuilt streets are the ruins of tenochtitlán, the capital city of the aztec empire. ‘to understand why flooding is still a problem that afflicts mexico today,’ explains espacio nero, ‘it is necessary to revisit the aztec era.’ according to local mythology, the deity ‘huitzilopochtli’ ordered his people, the mexicas, to establish their city where they would find ‘an eagle perched on a nopal (cactus) killing a snake’.this happened on an island in the middle of lake of texcoco, where given the endorheic nature of the basin, the water levels rose during the rainy season and partially flooded the island, which forced the mexicas to develop a deep understanding of their surrounding waterscape in order to survive.


在墨西哥城的现代街道下方是特诺奇蒂特兰（Tenochtitlán）城的废墟｜underneath the modern streets of mexico city lie the ruins of tenochtitlán

然而，西班牙人征服了城市，他们巩固其领域的关键因素之一就是建立一个新的城市模式，这类似于在欧洲发展起来的文艺复兴城市模式。在这个新建的城市建设中，由于周边湖泊水位的不断升高，从而导致一连串的洪水泛滥，造成新城市混乱不定，这些问题阻碍和推迟了建设工程。几个世纪以后，这个湖水已经被排干了，但是仍然没有建立起足够的排水系统。当下雨时，由于城市的地形，雨水往往是逐渐积累起来，而并不是被土壤所吸收。考虑到这一点，这个提案的重点是基于特诺奇蒂特兰（Tenochtitlán）城的历史特点，重新恢复墨西哥城的乌托邦能力，从而在城市的东部形成一个大型水域并且将新的城市规划与水源相联系。

however, once the spanish conquered the city, one of the key factors for the consolidation of their domain was to create a new city model, similar to the renaissance city that had been developed in europe. during its construction, this new city was literally submerged into chaos more than once, due to a series of successive periods of flooding caused by the rising levels of the surrounding lake — a problem that hindered and delayed the construction works. after centuries, the lake was drained and filled in, but an adequate drainage system was not established. when it rains, the water tends to accumulate rather than be absorbed into the soil as a result of the city’s topography. with this in mind, this proposal is focuses on recuperating mexico city’s utopic capacity, based on tenochtitlan history. it is presented as an opportunity to develop possibilities to generate a large water area in the east of the metropolis to connect a new urban vision with its origins.


墨西哥城水势对比图｜a before and after image depicting the incremental water problem mexico city faces

位于广阔的新的湿地系统上的墨西哥城前机场的总体规划，大胆地推动了城市的水基础设施发展，这个城市总体规划让水基础设施自然地为城市收集水和过滤水，并且根据集体需求，为城市的东部地区提供了住房、办公室和零售设施。如果墨西哥城前机场成为净水湖，那么它也可以解决场地附近许多社区的缺水问题，同时，为建设、维护和管理方面提供许多帮助。水敏感性的概念正在世界各地的几个城市得到应用，这些方法在许多方面十分有效：如改善公共卫生、提高认识、减轻气候问题以及创造优质空间，同时增加城市的价值。

situated upon a vast new wetlands system, this master plan for the former airport of mexico city makes a bold proposition to revolutionize the city’s water infrastructure, which naturally collects and filters water for the city, and simultaneously provide housing, offices and retail for the ever-growing east part of the city in a new way to understand collective needs. if the former airport of mexico city becomes a water purifying lake, it could also solve water shortage problem for many neighborhoods close to the site, offering many jobs from its construction, maintenance and management. the concept of water sensitivity is being applied in several cities across the world, and it is proving to be effective in many ways: improving public health and raising awareness, mitigating climatic issues, creating quality spaces, adding value to these cities and being cost effective.


该提案能够解决靠近现场的许多社区的缺水问题｜the plan could potentially solve the water shortage problem for many neighborhoods close to the site


新模式是救援、转型和致密化战略｜the new model is a strategy of rescue, transformation and densification


水源是墨西哥城和世界的未来｜Nowadays is water, more than a eagle on a cactus, the future of Mexico City and the world.


这个墨西哥城前机场的总体规划大胆地推动了城市水利基础设施的发展进程｜this master plan for the former airport of mexico city makes a bold proposition to revolutionize the city’s water infrastructure


这项提案让这座城市具有促进投资的潜力，从而带动本地和外国资本的不断流动｜it incorporates uses that denote the potential of the site as a center to promote investment and the constant flow of local and foreign capital


总体规划自然地为城市收集、过滤水，同时为不断增长的城市东部地区提供住房、办公室和零售空间｜the master plan naturally collects and filters water for the city, while simultaneously provide housing, offices and retail for the ever-growing east part of the city


出处：本文译自www.designboom.com/，转载请注明出处。