Stefano Boeri构思具有垂直绿化的圆顶火星聚集地
Stefano Boeri imagines dome-covered Mars colony with "vertical forests"

由专筑网李韧，杨帆编译

随着地球海平面的逐渐上升，Stefano Boeri建议在火星设计建造一座“新上海”，并打造大面积的立体绿化效果。

这位意大利建筑师大胆构思了火星生态城市的建造计划，他认为，可以在一个巨大的密封圆顶内建造高层塔楼，同时结合立体绿化理念。

这个概念方案于2017年上海城市空间与艺术论坛（SUSAS）中展出，回应了对2117年的上海的城市展望。

Stefano Boeri与同济大学未来城市实验室和中国航天局合作，构思了这个乌托邦式的概念设计。

Stefano Boeri has suggested that a "new Shanghai" made up of "vertical forests" could be built on Mars, should rising sea levels render Earth uninhabitable.
The ambitious Mars-based eco city envisioned by the Italian architect would be made up of his studio's signature plant-covered towers built under giant sealed "space-proof" domes.
The hypothetical project was dreamed up in response to an invitation to imagine what Shanghai might look like in 2117 for Shanghai Urban Space and Art Season (SUSAS) 2017.
The architect came up with the utopian design in collaboration with Tongji University's Future City Lab and the Chinese Space Agency.


项目团队建议，可以通过国际空间站来发射包含有垂直森林塔楼的巨型球体／The team proposed to deliver the spheres containing the vertical forest structures via the International Space Station

项目团队认为，预计2117年底，地球上的气候变化将不再适应人类生存，届时人类可以选择太空作为新的居住场所。

针对这个问题，Stefano Boeri首先想到的是自己在2014年设计的米兰垂直森林项目，当时完成施工之后，两座110米高的塔楼上种植了近900棵树木。

塔楼充满生活气息的立面为野生动物创造了城市栖息场所，同时能够隔绝灰尘，为居住者提供湿润、含氧量高的生活场所。

今年六月，Boeri计划在中国建立一个全覆盖式的垂直森林城市。柳州的森林城拥有30000个住宅单元，并且种植有40000棵树，建筑师估计，该项目能够在每年有效减少10000吨二氧化碳排放量，同时生产900吨氧气。

The team imagined that, by 2117, irreversible climate change would force humankind to establish a new habitat in space.
Stefano Boeri realised his first "bosco verticale", or vertical forest, in 2014, when construction completed on two 110-metre towers in Milan planted with 900 trees.
The towers' living facades create an urban habitat for wildlife, filter out dust from the city below, while providing a humid, oxygen-rich micro-climate for the occupants of the building.
In June of this year, Boeri unveiled plans to construct an entire city in China covered in vertical forests. The Liuzhou Forest City will provide 30,000 homes and accommodate 40,000 trees, which the architects calculate will lock up 10,000 tonnes of CO2 a year, while producing 900 tonnes of oxygen.


项目团队受邀构思2117年的上海城市设计方案，他们认为，届时人类可以在其他星球上生存／Invited to imagine Shanghai in 2117, they envisioned that humankind would be looking to colonise other planets

科学家们曾试验过在无人居住的星球上创建封闭的生态系统，但都以失败告终。位于亚利桑那沙漠的生物圈2号就是一个典型例子。

在20世纪90年代初期，科学家们就在太空中试验过这种概念的可行性。

四位位于封闭空间里的科学家困扰于这样一个问题，该如何保持生物圈的动态平衡。

通过控制动植物的数量来达到动态平衡的方法并不可取，二氧化碳与氧气含量无法达到平衡，进而会造成食物短缺，甚至爆发战争的结果。

Previous attempts to create sealed bio-domes suitable for use on inhospitable planets have been problematic. The infamous Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert was the largest closed system ever created.
Experiments were run in it during the early 1990s to test the viability of using such a design in space.
The four scientists sealed in the dome were beset by problems maintaining the delicate balance of the biospheres.
Controlling the populations of plants and animals proved challenging, fluctuating CO2 levels saw oxygen levels drop dangerously low, food became scarce and in-fighting broke out.


这些巨型穹顶将置放于火星表面，内部是立体绿化塔楼／The domes would sit on the surface of Mars with entire cities of planted towers inside them

今年的夏威夷太空生活模拟试验则相对成功。该项目由美国航空航天局投资，6个科学家同时在一个巨型穹顶下生活，这个穹顶位于夏威夷偏僻的火山区域，该项目也是夏威夷空间探索仿真模拟试验的一部分。

然而，这个项目所测试的更像是人们位于偏僻环境的居住心理风险的评估，而不是关于生态穹顶的可行性策略。因为这个穹顶结构并不完全密封，每隔几个月就会有专人输送食物，穿着宇航服的科学家们甚至可以走出穹顶。

A space-living simulation conducted in Hawaii this year was more successful. The NASA-funded project saw six scientists sealed inside a dome on a remote volcano in Hawaii as part of the Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation, or HI-SEAS.
However, it was an experiment to assess the psychological risks of living in close quarters in a remote environment rather than an attempt to simulate a biodome. The structure was not airtight, food was delivered once every few months and the scientists were allowed out whilst wearing space suits.


Stefano Boeri建筑事务所与中国航天局合作，设计了这个方案／Stefano Boeri Architects consulted with the Chinese Space Agency to come up with the proposal

当前，有许多建筑师或设计师都在考虑是否可以通过建筑与工具的策略为不久之后的火星生活做出贡献。

最近，ECAL研究生Thomas Missé设计了一个可叠加的碳纤维椅子，这种椅子以轻质材料制成，他希望在未来人们搬迁到太空时，这种轻质家具能够减少不必要的运输成本损耗。

中央圣马丁艺术与设计学院研究生Charlotte Lew的“太空生活”项目为未来太空生涯的睡眠提供了帮助，她设计了许多航空服，这种特殊设备能够让人们在入睡前洗个舒服的热水澡。

同时，Elon Musk在努力研究火星载人计划，8月他在Instagram上贴出自己关于SpaceX项目的航空服图片。

“事实上，这种做法很有效，”他写道：“我们已经能够测试到双重真空压力，美学与功能如果分开考虑会容易一些，如果放在一起，则很难达到二者的平衡。”

2016年，Musk列出了针对SpaceX项目的时间表，直到2022年，人类将完成第一个火星载人任务。

Boeri is not the only architect or designer to imagine what kind of buildings and tools will be needed for life on Mars in recent years.
Recent ECAL graduate Thomas Missé has created a stackable carbon-fibre chair, a lightweight material he hopes will help future space dwellers save on import costs when furnishing their colony.
Central Saint Martin's graduate Charlotte Lew's Galactic Everyday collection imagines bringing bedtime rituals to Mars. She designed a range of space suits that would allow the user to take a hot bath before getting into a vacuum-suctioning dressing gown.
Meanwhile Elon Musk is busy making a manned expedition to Mars a reality. In August he teased the first picture of a spacesuit for his SpaceX program on Instagram.
"Worth noting that this actually works (not a mockup)," he wrote. "Already tested to double vacuum pressure. Was incredibly hard to balance esthetics [sic] and function. Easy to do either separately."
In 2016 Musk presented a timeline for the SpaceX program that would launch the first manned mission to Mars by 2022.


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