Mols Bjerge国家公园游客中心
VELKOMSTCENTER NATIONALPARK MOLS BJERGE

由专筑网王子铭，李韧编译

该项目是TREDJE NATUR建筑事务所为Mols Mountains国家公园设计的新游客中心，建筑师将周围的景观资源融入在游客的游览过程中，带领参观者感受国家公园自然文化品质。该方案将通过地形与游客流线间的运动关系作为出发点，生成一个简洁连贯的总体布局，创造出有关Mols Mountains的新故事。

TREDJE NATUR has created a proposal for the new visitor center at National Park Mols Mountains. The design of the new visitor center is based on the motions in the landscape and will lead the visitors through the nature and the cultural qualities in the national park. The proposal will stage the movement through topographical processes as a mean to create a strong and coherent master plan that will create new stories about Mols Mountains.

极致的景观体验

场地位于KaløVig地区的盆地中，其景色放眼望去好像穿梭于过去与未来之间，而新的游客中心类似一个容器，穿插在草甸、森林、牧场、田野四种不同景观类型之中，并与其周围的壮丽景观相结合。同时，建筑师希望这个游客中心可以反映当地季节气候的变化，以及绿色生态的旅行路线，让游客间形成一种自发的交流形式，达到室内外空间转换的效果。游客中心将会利用指示标语、定期的活动项目等等来吸引游客进行自发性的宣传互动，并作为旅途中的空间结点，自然地融入在游客的旅行体验中，进而利用景观、地形等优势来促进游客间更加丰富的交流活动，在这个过程中，人们将直接与Mols山脉的景观和丹麦传统建筑进行对话。其目的是打造远离嘈杂的信息社会，感受自然环境之美的体验场所。

A motion in the landscape
At the bottom of Kalø Vig, between past and future, the new visitor center appears from the landscape as a crucible in the transaction between four distinct landscape typologies: salt meadow, forest, pasture and fields. Together they create a magnificent scenic situation for the creation of a new visitor center at Mols Mountains. We wanted to create a visitor center that reflects the changing seasons, the local microclimate, the green and recreational routes, the wild nature, the unorganized meetings, as well as the transitions between indoor and outdoor. We wanted to create a visitor center that through the quotations, programming and intuitive connections invite to both common and spontaneous movements that will be experienced as a cohesively performative surface that in a spatially sensual and topographic way, urges to active play and walks. The visitor Center evolves so to speak, in direct dialogue with Mols Mountains landscape and the Danish tradition of building – in and with the terrain. The goal is to get away from information screens, below surface and out in the open air in a visitor center adapted to the landscape – not vice versa!

悠久的历史景观

Mols Mountains的峡谷是在冰河时代由于冰雪融水和巨大冰块的撞击创造的，这些外部力量穿透了当地的冰川，形成了现在所谓的壶洞。Mols Mountains上有许多独特的宝石，在丹麦除了博恩霍尔姆岛（Bornholm）地区，其他地方没有类似花岗岩的石质地貌。这意味着Mols Mountains的宝石来源于其他场所，就像是给予游客探索地质的礼物。Mols Mountains和Kalø海岸线是由山体运动而形成，而经受多年的舌状冰川撞击而成现今的Jutland半岛东部。在Mols Mountains的腹地有一个引人注目的冰川奇观，这些地域性的景观构成是在冰川运动的过程中形成的，根据冰河时代的定义，这个独特的冰川景观的外部形成一层死冰，而内部则与一个冰川溪流相汇聚。自冰河时期以来，这里的景观发生了巨大变化，但从石器时代到现代的演变痕迹依旧存在。

A historical landscape
The deep valleys of Mols Mountain are created in the last ice age by meltwater and giant blocks of ice, that broke off the glacier and kept on lying there – so called kettle holes. There are many unique stones on Mols that you cannot find elsewhere in Denmark. Denmark has no granite or fells except on Bornholm. This means that the stones you can find on Mols arrived from other locations – like a geological gift from another time. Mols mountains and Kalø coastline is shaped by the landscape formations and the tongue-shaped glaciers that penetrated Eastern Jutland. The characteristic landscape formations are formed under the ice while it was in motion, and forms an eye-catching portion of the Moraine surface in the hinterland of Mols Mountains. A distinctive glacial landscape defined based on the ice age shaping language, with a cover of dead ice and an inner structure of intersecting glacial streams. Since the last ice age, the landscape has changed dramatically – but always with clear topographical traces of climatic change and cultural remains from the Stone Age to modern times.

自然的品质

Kalø周边地区拥有丰富的自然环境，给人们提供了异于城市的活动体验。除了Kalø城堡的遗迹外，新游客中心周围还有许多自然景点，其中包括一个独特的游览胜地。在这里，大自然就像一个调色板，将Kalø的城堡文化遗产同冰雪风景结合，塑造成一个中世纪的 “puts icing on the cake”。Ringelmose和Hestehaveskov地区由于不同自然力量的碰撞，几乎将所有的地形地貌囊括其中。田野、森林、水源和不同的景观类型等丰富的自然因素，为游客中心创造了一个让游客接近自然的休闲场所。

Nature qualities
The area around Kalø is packed with different nature qualities and exciting activities. The area around the new visitor center has many natural attractions besides the ruins of Kalø castle, but together they create a special and unique area and excursion spot. A palette of nature begins south of Rønde, where Kalø castle ”puts icing on the cake” in a tale of cultural heritage, medieval and landscape formation. Ringelmose- and Hestehaveskov creates a scenic pocket where nature qualities and nature types meets. Fields, forest, water and the new landscape typologies creates the framework for the visitor center that will invite visitors in, and send them out into the surrounding landscape. There is a great variety of landscapes in the area surrounding the new visitor center.

景观中的停车策略

结合游客中心的设计，方案将建立两种新的景观类型，即草原和盐草牧场。盐草牧场将的重建于原有停车场中，并将通过放牧来维持其生命力。新草原将结合新停车场形成新型小气候，为生物多样性提供基础。

传统时期，农民把牛赶到陡峭的戈壁或贫瘠的土地上吃草，来促进草地的滋生。在这个项目中，建筑师将创造一种现代牧场的感觉，用汽车和游客来替代原有的牛群，从而保持生态链的继续循环，同时也有利于条件的改善。用于停车的岩石为植物和动物创造了新型小气候，促进了该地区的生物多样性。
停车景观是总体规划的重要组成部分，也是游客到达游客中心整体体验中的重要环节。停车景观的尺度各不相同，可以在日后按照需求进行规模的调整，例如随着游客数量的增加，停车场可以逐步扩大，而在旅游淡季，则相应减少。

建筑师非常注重场地的流线设计，游客及各种交通工具都被独特的环境所包围，并且从到达场地的那一刻起就有很好的空间体验。建成后，停车场将作为一个有组织的独特景观元素，自然地引导游客进入游客中心。

A parking strategy in the landscape
Combined with the visitor center, two new landscape types will be established: grasslands and salt meadows. The reestablishment of the salt meadows is going to be on the current parking lot and will be maintained by grazing cattle. The new grasslands will be established at the new parking lot, which will form the framework for a scenic parking, new microclimates and increased biodiversity.
The traditional grassland appeared when the farmer sent his cattle out to the poor, rocky, steep and / or poor soils to graze. In this project, we are creating a sense of modern pasture where the cars and people are substituting the cattle as the disturbance factors that are needed to maintain the landscape while they contributes to a positive change in the growth conditions. Small hills of rocks for parking creates new microclimates for plants and animals whilst increasing the biodiversity in the area.
The parking landscape is a large part of the master plan. It plays in other words a large part in the overall experience of how you arrive and meet the visitor center. The parking landscape is constructed as a varying size that as a part of the natural flow can change character and capacity after need. The parking area can be gradually adjusted and expanded as the amount of visitors increases. The fewer visitors, the more wild green, and the other way around.
Our proposal puts great emphasis on the arrival situation so that the visitors and all means of transportation are surrounded by unique settings and have a good experience from the minute they arrive at the site. The parking landscape’s topography works as an organizing and distinctive landscape element that naturally leads the visitors towards the visitor center.

游客中心
   
通过联想当地Hack Kampmanns ”Strandhuset”的神话故事，设计师从中受到启发，其从历史、风景和自然入手，带着对场地的一颗敬畏之心开始设计工作，这样新的游客中心就如同生长于土地般自然。

建筑师希望创造一座简约的建筑来体现Hack Kampmann的当地传统和精神，并向游客展现人类向自然学习的过程，而不是创建一座代表国家浪漫情怀的建筑。他们相信通过研究自然环境，可以帮助其塑造具体的框架结构和景观组织，这样即可加强与Mols Mountains的联系，让游客更多的关注当地文化物质的迷人故事。

游客中心在满足设计任务要求的同时，以一种衬托自然的姿态表达出对Strandhuset地区和Kalø城堡遗址的尊敬。该项目具有正明显的前瞻性，建成后也会为在多种自然环境下的建造项目提供丰富的实践经验。游客中心的形体充分结合了周边风景，最终生长于一个略微倾斜的地形中，表达出内部空间和外部景观的协调关系。

同时，该项目的设计与Mols Mountains的特殊身份有着密切的关联，建筑位于风景之中，因此它将文化与自然之间的联系以一种可见的方式最大限度的展现出来，其将当地的植被、地形、景观、海洋和城堡废墟的独特组合协调组合，不同元素相得益彰。

The Visitor Center
By connecting the story of the landscape with Hack Kampmanns ”Strandhuset”’s simple style, we see something very special occurring. Starting with the history, landscape and nature, it is our clear ambition to go humbly and openly to work, so that the new visitor center is experienced as a development of something else than the building itself.
Instead of creating an architectural and national romantic tautology, we want to follow the traditions and the spirit of Hack Kampmann by creating a simple building that is able to show the grand tales in one unifying and learning landscape.
We believe that we by focusing on the grand experiences in the nature can challenge and shape the physical frames as well as the landscape. That way we can strengthen the story about Mols Mountains with a special focus on the fascinating stories of the many geological artifacts.
The visitor center takes a natural setoff in the assignments demands and visions about a special typological character that is placed respectfully to Strandhuset and the ruins of Kalø Castle. The project is staging the obvious qualities and prospects and will already from the arrival form a natural and varied topographical experience from the integrated arrival and parking landscape and the visitor center. The visitor Center has been carefully placed after a scenic observation and created based on the slightly sloping terrain premises and the desire for a natural movement in an eventful inner- and outer landscape.
The project’s design has a direct and strong relationship with Mols Mountains special identity. The building is located in the landscape so that it creates the utmost relation, connection and visibility in the tension between culture and nature. The new visitor center annexes the characteristic surrounding landscape with its unique combination of local vegetation, topography and views – the sea and the Castle ruin.

概念

新的游客中心面向Kalø城堡，游客会通过一个连续性的景观，与遗址建筑产生视线上的交流。而在内部空间，地质矿石暴露在外，景观地形也从其中穿过。从概念上讲，这代表了对自然尊重的态度，也表现出建筑的结构框架。

建筑屋顶的形状具有明确的识别性，也是一个自然的登高眺望点，在这里可以俯瞰周围的乡村环境。在建筑的对角方向，通过降低屋顶的做法，来进一步加强景观的流动性，屋顶下方则构成了对Kalø城堡遗址最好的观景范围。

当地的历史文化、冰川、地质都通过一条连续流动的景观轴线串联起来，共同融合在建筑的内外部空间。新游客中心标志着建筑与景观之间的类型融合，建筑师利用这种方式来邀请游客体验探索该地区的文化和自然气息。

Concept
The new visitor center is oriented towards the ruins of Kalø Castle. Together with the existing buildings, it creates a field of tension where the visitors are being led through a staged landscape. Geological deposits are exposed and the topography of the landscape goes through the building. Conceptually this represents the raised terrains current upper layer and represent the future building’s outer frame.
The shape of the roof is constructed by creating a clear destination and a natural vantage point for all visitors and passers-by, from which you can survey the surrounding countryside.In the building’s diagonal corner, the roof is lowered in order to consolidate the movement out in the landscape, while the inside frames the most spectacular views towards the Kalø Castle ruins.
The history of the formation, glaciation and geology are reflected in the interior and exterior landscape through a unifying floor uniting the landscape, Strandhuset, the new visitor center and the arrival area. The new visitor center inscribes itself as a typology between building and landscape, with a volume that invites the visitors to experience and explore the area’s magnificent cultural and natural qualities.

项目信息
合作伙伴：OleSchrøder
设计团队：Mette Fast，Thomas Hobbs，Iryna Tsioma，Viktor Becker和Ninna Ravn
客户：Nationalpark Mols Bjerge
项目名称：Mols Mountains国家公园游客中心
项目地点：摩洛哥
类型：竞赛
项目面积：19.000m2
建筑成本：30 mill. Danish kroner
合作团队： TREDJE NATUR，Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter，EKJRådgivendeIngeniører，Dark Matters和Anne Schnettler
类型：建筑与景观
项目年份：2016年
状态：完成

Project information
Responsible partner: Ole Schrøder
Design team: Mette Fast, Thomas Hobbs, Iryna Tsioma, Viktor Becker and Ninna Ravn
Client: Nationalpark Mols Bjerge
Project: Visitor Center Nationalpark Mols Mountains
Location: Kalø, Mols
Type: Competition
Area: 19.000 m2
Construction cost: 30 mill. Danish kroner
Team: TREDJE NATUR, Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter, EKJ Rådgivende Ingeniører, Dark Matters and Anne Schnettler
Role: Architecture and landscape
Period: 2016
Status: Completed


出处：本文译自tredjenatur.dk/，转载请注明出处。