澳大利亚墨尔本智能住宅
Smart Home / Green Sheep Collective
由专筑网李韧，曹逸希编译
来自建筑事务所的描述：智能住宅项目是由一座维多利亚时期的单层双卧室木屋翻新改造的，该住宅位于墨尔本。建筑师结合了社会、健康、环境以及被动式太阳能设计原理等多项内容，创造了这个高水准的环境友好型住宅，其规模与售价都十分亲民。建筑师的目标是设计建造一座优秀的平价住宅，对于许多澳大利亚人、乃至整个社会来说，这样的环境友好型住宅很受欢迎。其售价为每平方米2300美元，这个价格对于这样水准的家庭住宅来说已经非常优惠。
Text description provided by the architects. Smart Home is a renovation and extension to a two-bedroom single-fronted timber Victorian cottage in inner Melbourne. It utilizes a wide range of social, healthy, environmental and passive solar design principles and products to create a high-level environmentally sustainable home that is also modestly-sized and affordable. We aimed to create a project that achieves: An outstanding, affordable home: It was important to us to create an example of best-practice environmentally sustainable design that is both achievable and affordable for many Australians. The final build cost per square meter for this project is $2,300/m2 +GST. We believe this is an excellent result for a home designed to high-level environmentally sustainable design principles.
© Emma Cross
调查结果表明，无论何种设计建造方式，越多的空间建造对环境产生的影响也就越大。Thrive Research的研究同时也说明，在澳大利亚，建造12平方米建筑对于环境的危害相当于一辆汽车跑80000公里所释放的尾气，同时还需要消耗4个人90年所引用的水量，通过仔细评估房屋中每平方米空间的需求（设计夹层空间代替建造第二层），那么共计24000美元将用于建造以及后期的维护工程。建筑师为现有住宅增加了20%的可使用室内空间，虽然只有13平方米的额外空间，却几乎有50%的景观覆盖率。在该项目中，建筑师们希望能够尽量还原城市景观，从而提高城市生态系统的活力以及提升居民的健康状况。
A small, smart result: More space, however environmentally designed and constructed, still creates environmental impact. Thrive Research has shown that every 12-meter square room built in Australia creates the equivalent of 80,000km worth of car exhaust emissions, consumes 90 years'€™ worth of drinking water for four persons, and costs $24,000 in construction and energy bills over its lifetime Through carefully assessing the need for every additional square meter of home (and utilizing a mezzanine instead of a second story) we added 20% more usable indoor space to their existing home with only 13m2 additional footprint. Almost 50% landscape coverage: We aim to maintain as much landscape in our projects '€“ particularly in highly urbanized environments '€“ to enhance the wellbeing of ecosystems and inhabitants.
© Emma Cross
客户希望这座环境友好型住宅能够具有较强的适应性。为了满足这些可持续设计目标，建筑师需要解决一些棘手的问题，例如来自其他建筑物的遮挡，这座住宅的朝向并不好，在其周围有一座7.5米宽的东西向街区，从而导致现有住宅处于一个角落位置，只能接受到少量的阳光直射。因此我们需要将旧建筑拆除，重新建造一座完整的住宅，并且将现有建筑与项目改造部分更好地连接起来，同时改善整个家庭的能源性能。因此对于客户最初的想法，建筑师做出了一些改变。
Our clients requested a more thermally comfortable home with best-practice environmental credentials. This project faced a number of critical challenges that had to be overcome in order to meet these sustainability and design targets. The constraints included overshadowing, poor orientation and a small 7.5 metre wide east-west block built close to the boundary. The existing home was dark and leaky with a lean-to at the rear. We needed to demolish the lean-to and create a whole-home solution that connected existing home with new renovation while improving the thermal performance of the home as a whole. We had to modify our clients'€™ initial brief for the second story to achieve sustainability (and budget) targets.
© Emma Cross
客户对于环境、空间等因素对造价产生的影响不太了解，因为在改造过程中，住宅的二层部分需要建造一些额外空间用于安置楼梯和保持室内流线流畅，工程造价中还包含有工人薪酬、脚手架、保险、材料、工程管理等不可预见性的花费，另外，热消耗、制冷、清洁、维修等步骤也会产生相应的费用。因此建筑师为了保持建筑的美观，从而设计了一个有趣的体量，并且通过合理地利用储物空间，最大限度地减少面积的浪费，让每一寸空间都能够充分发挥作用。扩建部分包含有开放式起居室，以及通过落地玻璃窗向室外开放的餐厅与厨房。
Our clients were unaware of the environmental, spatial and fiscal costs of ' going up' : the additional space required for the second storey to house the staircase and associated circulation spaces; 'hidden' costs for labour, scaffolding, insurances, materials, engineering, and design to accommodate overlooking legislation; heating, cooling, cleaning and maintenance requirements and ongoing costs, and so on. Our response creates interesting volumes for architectural beauty, and minimises idle space by ensuring the floor plan is utilised to its full capacity through clever storage solutions and split level living. The single storey addition includes open plan living, dining and kitchen opening via large openable glazed doors to an outdoor deck.
© Emma Cross
底层平面图/Ground Floor Plan
© Emma Cross
建筑师在储藏室和书房上方设置了夹层，该夹层来自于屋顶下方的空间，同时，建筑师设置了大窗户充分利用了空间与光线，另外，烟囱的设置也加强了建筑在夏季的自然通风。存储空间与室内餐厅座椅相结合，通过操作滑动门，可以自由启闭这些区域。阁楼的楼梯也放置在这个空间中，建筑师将它隐藏在书架后方，可以自如地滑进与滑出。室外放置有由砖块制成的花盆，让花园与建筑更加贴近，并在厨房外直接种植一种草药花园。建筑师结合了优质选材、自然采光以及独特的空间形式，从而建造出这座高性能、健康、舒适的现代智能住宅。
A mezzanine over the pantry and study nook utilizes the volumes created by the cathedral ceiling, while large openable skylights increase the perception of light and space, and double as 'thermal chimneys' to assist natural ventilation processes in summer. Storage is integrated into built-in dining seating, while the study can easily be closed off by operating a large sliding door. The mezzanine stair is also integrated into this space, where it can slide in and out of a bookshelf. Brick planter boxes are located directly outside windows to bring the garden closer to the house, and allow for a herb garden directly outside the kitchen window. This smart storage combines with beautiful material selections, natural light and exciting form to transform the cottage into a high performance, healthy, and comfortable modern residence.
© Emma Cross
© Emma Cross
© Emma Cross
建筑设计：Green Sheep Collective
地点：澳大利亚，墨尔本
主创建筑师：Sam Gardiner
项目时间：2017年
摄影：Emma Cross
制造商：VELUX, Radial Timbers
项目指导：Shae Parker McCashen
Architects: Green Sheep Collective
Location: Seddon, Australia
Architect in Charge: Sam Gardiner
Project Year: 2017
Photographs: Emma Cross
Manufacturers: VELUX, Radial Timbers
Director: Shae Parker McCashen
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
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