扎布热Queen Luiza煤矿综合体
Chain Bath in Queen Luiza Coal Mine Complex in Zabrze / Konior Studio + OVO Grąbczewscy Architekci

由专筑网李韧，王帅编译

来自建筑事务所的描述：波兰扎布热的“Queen Luiza”煤矿于1791年开挖，一直到1998年，这里都是欧洲最大、最具现代化的矿井。作为一家国营矿山，它受益于政府的高额补贴，这不仅体现在生产领域的大量投资。其中一个例子便是建造于1890年的矿井浴室，Łaźnia是采矿区的第一个实施方案，这也代表了社会基础设施的最高水准，其建造标准远远超过了当时的社会一般要求。这是一座宏伟的砖石建筑，其柱廊位于城市的主要街道上，高达10米，是这座建筑的代表，在后来的修复中，建筑师仍然保留了原有建筑的划分方式，并且保留了主要功能空间、结构要素，以及部分的原有设备。

Text description provided by the architects. The "Queen Luiza" mine in Zabrze began operating in 1791 and practically throughout its entire existence, ie until 1998, it was considered one of the largest and most modern in Europe. Being a state mine, it benefited from high government subsidies, which resulted in large investments not only in the sphere of production. An example of such development was the construction of a mine bathhouse, which was erected in 1890. Łaźnia was the first such implementation in Upper Silesian mining and was the best testimony to the level of the social facility, which was far ahead of the standards of that time. A magnificent, brick building with a basilica layout, 10 m high, located just off the main street of the city, is a characteristic feature of the architecture of this part of Zabrze. The object maintained the original division of the main rooms, structural elements and part of the original equipment.

当前，这座修复建筑将主要用于游客的参观，因此建筑师需要很好地处理交通状况，同时也兼具美食、文化等功能。这里是Queen Luiza煤矿综合体的一大主要旅游线路。从原有建筑的角度来说，要吸引到游客，首先其综合体自身具有一定的吸引力，例如Main Key Heritage Herons。另外，建筑的室内空间也能够用作举办展览和文化活动，为了适应新功能，建筑中也许会举办一些当代展览、游览活动、音乐会、戏剧表演等其他文艺活动。

At present, the revitalized building will perform tourist functions (handling visitors' traffic), gastronomic (restaurant) and cultural functions. It was designated as the first element of the future tourist route in the Queen Luiza Mine complex. It is from the sight of the chain bath that the tourists will start exploring the complex with its attraction, ie the Main Key Heritage Herons. In addition, the interior of the building is an excellent space for organizing exhibition and cultural activities. Thanks to its adaptation to new functions, the Museum has the possibility to organize various temporary exhibitions, vernissages, concerts, theater performances and other cultural events in Łaźnia.

为了更好的复兴建筑，项目原先的浴室也进行了翻新，建筑的砖石立面经过清理，砖石结构也经过重新加固，根据专业遗产保护人员的建议，修复工人运用颜色尺度相类似的砖对建筑的墙身进行了修复，建筑师在建筑东南侧还进行了小规模的加建，加建部分所使用的材料也与原有建筑几乎一致。另外，建筑墙体还经过了全面的防潮保温处理，其门窗洞口框架全部换成了铝制品。建筑的外部大门则由铝板、玻璃面板构成，取代了已损坏了的木制品和金属制品。在屋顶的翻新过程中，建筑师运用了全新的木制元素，并且对建筑结构框架也进行了修复和部分重建。在东部扩建部分完成之后，那里成为了建筑的主要入口，人们通过位于Wolności街道一侧的楼梯和残疾人坡道可以直接进入建筑。建筑师在原有建筑的西侧也进行了扩建，扩建部分的周边区域则设置了一些诸如休息长椅、照明灯具等小物件。

As part of the revitalization, the building of the former chain bath has been thoroughly renovated. The brick façades of the building were cleaned, the brick structure was strengthened, cavities were supplemented using a brick that was color-coordinated and dimensionally in accordance with conservation recommendations. The newly designed parties at the south-east annex were made of a bricks different from the material remaining in the historic part of the building. Comprehensive damp-proof insulation of walls was carried out. The windows have been replaced with aluminum with identical polygon ironwork. The outer doors were also aluminum, glazed, multi-track, instead of modern, damaged wooden and metal. The roof was renovated, new wooden parts were made where necessary. The construction of the rafter framing required renovation and partial reconstruction. After the expansion of the eastern extension, the building gained here the main entrance - through the stairs with access from Wolności street and after the ramp for disabled people available from the internal entrance and parking square. At the second, existing entrance from the side of Wolności street, new external stairs appeared on the sidewalk. The western extension was also rebuilt. The area around the building received elements of small architecture (benches, lighting).

如果要在原有建筑中结合博物馆及文化中心的功能，那么就需要对室内空间进行重新排布。首先是空间的分隔，建筑师在非承重区直接运用石膏面板进行分割，主要的墙体则仍然运用砖石材料。在美食文化部分，建筑师甚至设计了夹层空间。在曾经用于淋浴的房间、入口门厅，以及美食文化的部分区域中，石制地板和部分铁制支柱得以保留。建筑的屋面由桁架结构构成。原先的淋浴设施现在则用于空间的装饰，另外还结合有一些特殊设备。原有的更衣室及其附属空间、结合支撑结构的水箱、淋浴设施、休闲座椅的金属元素都经过重新清理，将老旧的涂漆去除，而那些被损坏的部件也被重新修复。

The introduction of new museum and cultural functions required appropriate interior arrangements. There was a need to insulate the interior (except the wall in the room with showers), which resulted in the walls being built up with plaster surfaces. The main internal walls were left as brick. In the gastronomic part a mezzanine was built. Stoneware floors have been preserved or restored in a room with showers, in the entrance vestibule and partly in the gastronomic section. Cast-iron construction pillars were maintained. Suspended ceilings are used however, they reveal roof truss structures partly within the nave. The visible decking of the ceiling was preserved in part with showers. The original equipment of the bathhouse was preserved. The design of the chain locker room, the chains themselves and the containers hung on them, the water tank with the supporting structure, showers and metal elements of the benches were cleaned and old painting layers were removed from them. Damaged and missing wooden seats have been recreated.

修复波兰煤矿浴场这一重点项目，建筑师将原有设备部分保留，并面向游客开放，让人们能够更好地了解到19世纪末大型国有工业工厂的普遍状况。

The revitalization of the only historic bathhouse in Polish coal mining, which partly maintained the original equipment and is made available to visitors, allows to learn the social conditions prevailing at the end of the 19th century in a large, state-owned industrial plant.

浴室空间是游客参观之旅的开始，接下来人们将逐步欣赏到扎布热煤矿综合体的各个场所区域。这座传统建筑集展览、活动、戏剧表演、音乐会等功能于一体，而其地下矿车参观区域也即将开放。

The bathhouse serves as the starting point for tourist who will see the whole complex of coal mines in Zabrze. Right now it functions as a place for exhibitions, events, theater plays, concerts. In April the whole Main Key Heritage Herons should be ready for underground boat tours.

项目概述：

在该项目中最为重要的部分便是在保证砖石立面不改变，保证墙身隔热的前提下，尽可能地满足更多功能需求。建筑师的解决策略便是通过轻质混凝土混合模块作为内置隔热材料，同时为内部墙面刷上白漆，既与砖石外墙相互衬托，也让人们更好地聚焦空间内的展品。

Product Description:
One of the most important things in this project was to fulfill all the demands as fas as thermal insulation is concerned while keeping the brick facades without any changes. The solution was to use the ytong multipor blocks as inner insulation. Painted white it helped to achieve “the white box” effect inside the building, as a contrast to brick facades and a logical proposal for exhibition space.

建筑设计：Konior Studio + OVO Grąbczewscy Architekci
地点：波兰，扎布热
主创建筑师：Barbara Grąbczewska, Oskar Grąbczewski, Tomasz Konior, collaboration: Katarzyna Kunsdorff, Marta Musiał, Ewa Stelmach
面积：1266.0 m2
项目时间：2016年
摄影：Tomasz Zakrzewski
建造商：Ytong, mmcite, Baumit, Viabizzuno

Architects: Konior Studio + OVO Grąbczewscy Architekci
Location: Zabrze, Poland
Architect in Charge: Barbara Grąbczewska, Oskar Grąbczewski, Tomasz Konior, collaboration: Katarzyna Kunsdorff, Marta Musiał, Ewa Stelmach
Area: 1266.0 m2
Project Year: 2016
Photographs: Tomasz Zakrzewski
Manufacturers: Ytong, mmcite, Baumit, Viabizzuno

                              
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。