揭示了美国种族歧视的阿拉巴马州的纪念馆
Memorial in Alabama acknowledges violence against African Americans

由专筑网缕夕，王帅编译

致力于美国种族歧视的纪念馆将在阿拉巴马州的蒙哥马利（Montgomery）面向公众开放。

这座国家和平与正义纪念馆（The National Memorial for Peace and Justice ）由总部位于波士顿的Mass Design Group设计，Equal Justice Initiative （EJI）组织投资建设，该组织是一个致力于推动民族和解的非营利组织。

它是美国历史上第一个揭示种族暴力和不公正的纪念馆，目的是承认过去和现在对非裔美国人的歧视。

A memorial and museum dedicated to the legacy of racial violence and injustice in America are set to open in Montgomery, Alabama.
The National Memorial for Peace and Justice was designed by Boston-based Mass Design Group and set up by Equal Justice Initiative (EJI) – a non-profit organisation that works to advance national reconciliation around race.
Described as the first of its kind in the country, the memorial is intended to help acknowledge past and present discrimination against African Americans.

EJI的发言人阐述道：“美国很少承认奴隶制、私刑和种族隔离等历史遗留问题。”

该纪念馆位于南部阿拉巴马州，这里有与美国民权运动相连的几个历史地标，其中包括一个被六英亩（2.4公顷）草地环绕的露天凉亭。

"The United States has done very little to acknowledge the legacy of slavery, lynching, and racial segregation," said a statement from EJI.
Located in the southern state of Alabama, home to several landmarks connected to the American Civil Rights Movement, the memorial comprises an open-air pavilion surrounded by six acres (2.4 hectares) of grassland.

在纪念馆内，设计师使用了800多个耐候钢柱，示意着美国每个发生种族歧视、动用私刑的县。每名受害者的姓名都刻在上面。

这些立柱高6英尺（1.8米），悬挂在天花板上，下端离开地板。它们占据了整个建筑的大部分空间，中心围绕着一个露天广场。

Inside, over 800 Corten-steel columns represent each county in America where a racially motivated lynching has taken place. The names of the victims are inscribed on each.
The columns measure six feet (1.8 metres) tall and are suspended from the ceiling, and do not touch the floor. They occupy the entirety of the large covered structure, which is organised around an open square at its centre.

进入纪念馆后，映入眼帘的便是加纳艺术家Kwame Akoto-Bamfo创作的雕塑，而另一件Dana King创作的艺术品为了纪念蒙哥马利公交抗议的女性——这个抗议活动发生在20世纪50年代中期，被视为美国反对种族隔离的第一大规模示威。

该馆还有美国艺术家Titus Kaphar和 Sanford Biggers的作品。美国艺术家Hank Willis Thomas设计的反应Toni Morrison著作的作品，马丁路德金的演讲作品 ，以及纪念Ida B Wells的反射空间——这些都是民权运动的关键人物。

Upon entering the memorial, a sculpture by Ghanian artist Kwame Akoto-Bamfo confronts visitors, while another artwork by Dana King is dedicated to the women who sustained the Montgomery Bus Boycott – which took place in the mid-1950s and is regarded as the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the US.
The pavilion also includes works by American artists Titus Kaphar and Sanford Biggers. Designs by American artist Hank Willis Thomas feature writings from Toni Morrison, words from Martin Luther King Junior, and a reflection space in honour of Ida B Wells – all key figures of the Civil Rights Movement.

EJI组织还在附近开设了另一个博物馆，介绍美国奴隶制、私刑、种族隔离和种族等级制度。

另一个博物馆被称作遗产博物馆：这里曾一个农场的仓库。反应非裔美国人从被奴役到大规模监禁。两层的砖房，面积达11000平方英尺（335平方米）。

A fifteen-minute walk away, the EJI is also opening a museum that outlines the timelines of slavery, lynchings, segregation and racial hierarchy in America.
The Legacy Museum: From Enslavement to Mass Incarceration is housed in an existing two-storey brick building that spans 11,000 square feet (335 square metres), and on the site of a former warehouse where enslaved black people were imprisoned.

设计目的是揭露真正的历史，并鼓励美国人种和解。

EJI总监兼知名公益律师Bryan Stevenson说：“我们国家的种族歧视历史，让美国的形象蒙上了一层阴影。只有我们将真相暴露出来，展示我们国家对有色人种的暴力和创伤，并加强我们对法治和平等正义的承诺，才能祛除这层阴影。”

The intention is to promote truthful storytelling and encourage reconciliation around race in the US.
"Our nation's history of racial injustice casts a shadow across the American landscape," said EJI director and renowned public-interest lawyer, Bryan Stevenson. "This shadow cannot be lifted until we shine the light of truth on the destructive violence that shaped our nation, traumatised people of colour, and compromised our commitment to the rule of law and to equal justice."

博物馆以第一人称进行故事叙述，包括各种展品、艺术展览、照片和录像。在其中的一节展览中，参观者可以亲身感受到南部的拍卖会上等待出售的奴隶的情景。

博物馆和纪念馆都讲述了美国种族隔离的黑暗历史和黑人歧视法（Jim Crow laws），这些法律直到1965年才被废除。

EJI组织表示：“蒙哥马利（Montgomery）靠近肥沃的黑带地区，奴隶主聚集大量奴役的人口来耕种广阔的土地，从而成为贩卖奴隶的“温床”。直到1860年，蒙哥马利都是亚拉巴马州内奴隶贸易的中心，美国两大奴隶拥有州之一。”

The museum includes first-person accounts, various exhibits, fine art displays, data-based visuals, and videography. In one section, visitors can see and hear what it was like to be a slave waiting to be sold at an auction in the south.
Both the museum and the memorial address America's dark history of racial segregation and Jim Crow laws, which enforced racial segregation in the US up until 1965.
"Montgomery's proximity to the fertile Black Belt region, where slaveowners amassed large enslaved populations to work the rich soil, elevated Montgomery's prominence in domestic trafficking," said the EJI. "By 1860, Montgomery was the capital of the domestic slave trade in Alabama, one of the two largest slave-owning states in America."

在开始该项目之前，EJI组织调查了美国南部地区数以千计的种族恐怖私刑，了解了针对黑人社区造成的暴力创伤，并发布了一份报告，概述了2015年的调查结果。

EJI组织在声明中说道：“十多年来，EJI一直致力于种族歧视的历史和世世代代持续不公正的叙述的研究。我们的博物馆是这项研究的真实展示。”

Before embarking on the project, EJI investigated thousands of racial terror lynchings in the American South to understand the trauma this violence against the black community created, and released a report outlining the findings in 2015.
"For more than a decade, EJI has been conducting extensive research into the history of racial injustice and the narratives that have sustained injustice across generations," said EJI's statement. "Our museum is the physical manifestation of that research."

因此，EJI表示该博物馆的研究资料中包含全国最全面的关于私刑的数据收集。

本项目的设计合作伙伴包括有Google，Local Projects，Tim Lewis和TALA，Molly Crabapple，OrchidCréation，Stink Studios，Human Pictures和HBO。

摄影： Equal Justice Initiative

As a result, the museum contains research materials the nation's most comprehensive collection of data on lynching, the organisation claims.
Design partners for the project include Google, Local Projects, Tim Lewis and TALA, Molly Crabapple, Orchid Création, Stink Studios, Human Pictures and HBO.
Photography is by Equal Justice Initiative.


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