新加坡水田景观规划设计
Water Terraces Neighbourhood Precincts | Punggol Singapore

由专筑网pilewyj，李韧编译

成功的公共住房政策五十多年来推动了新加坡的城市发展。政府通过不断地修正及改进来适应各项变化，其中包括人口增长、家庭需求改变以及个人追求的提升，雄心勃勃的Punggol新城发展计划的推动也已被提上日程。该区域景观规划设计希望达到如下期望与目标；
  

• 提供开放空间，增强邻里、公共领域和滨水环境之间的联系；
• 创造能满足不同个体和社区活动需求的广阔绿地；
• 修复与改造现有地块的景观项目；
• 沿运河水岸线建立与城市内区的连接 ；
• 将富有活力且能够凸显个性的景观融入新区域，打造宜人的小气候，同时提升环境质量和生物多样性。
  

设计理念

滨水区贯穿整个Punggol新区，同时让人们与自然进行交流。受东南亚古老梯田农业的启发，当地开放空间的绿地和社区公园向滨水区逐渐蔓延发展。

Successful public housing has been at a cornerstone of Singapore’s planned urbanisation for over fifty years. Continual improvements to meet changing demographics, family needs and increasing individual aspirations drove the ambitious Punggol New Town development plans.The landscape intent was to;

• Provide open space to enhance the neighbourhood, public realm and waterfront environs
• Create a wide range of green spaces for multi-purpose individual and community activities
• Re-create and establish a landscape character to the bare ‘re-engineered’ development plots
• Create seamless connections along the canal frontages
• Incorporate landscape that gives life and character to the new district and promotes pleasant micro-climates, environmental quality and bio-diversity
  

Concept
The waterside precincts were conceived as conduits for nature permeating the entire new district of Punggol. Inspired by the age-old agricultural practice of terraced fields across South East Asia, this unique regional identity gave expression to the open space common greens and neighborhood parks that cascade down to the waters edge.



总体规划通过阶梯式形态表达了建筑立面的不同层次，在建筑、空地和水之间建立了牢固的关系。通过六边形庭院，公共花园环绕形成户外景观中央区域，并在公共建筑和滨水空间之间建立起连接，为Punggol新区未来的发展奠定了基础。

The master-plan established a strong relationship between housing, open space and the water by stepped terracing across the building envelopes and plot levels. Expressed spatially in hexagonal courtyards, the commons and gardens morph into more linear terraces of parks and green connectors between the public housing and waterway banks in an open generous landscape that sets the standard for future developments within Punggol.



可识别的类型学——社会目的      
      
丛林花园庭院和棕榈林延伸到自然通风良好的地下停车场。在这些蜂巢式的花园中，人们可以通过舒适的木凳、信息标牌和室外活动空间来探索绿地场所。这些路线相互连接，步行者和骑行者都可以通过循环模式自由地使用公共设施，例如自行车存放设施。

沿Punggol新区步行道行走的行人和来自捷运/轻轨车站的乘客都十分惬意地享受这一系列多样的开放空间，这里有遮阴的亭子、锻炼活动场所、游乐场和表演聚集空间，亦或是小型私密花园庭院，这些都使得人们的景观体验变得十分丰富。

Recognizable typology – A social purpose
Jungle garden courts and palm groves extend right into naturally ventilated car-park basement. Within these honeycomb gardens there is the opportunity to explore multi-layered jungle through ramping walks with comfortable wooden benches, interpretive information and exercise nodes. These routes all connect so both pedestrians (of all abilities) and cyclists can circulate freely across levels to use the common facilities, including bike storage.
Public pedestrians along Punggol Walk and passengers from the MRT/LRT station are welcomed into this sequence of diverse open spaces, with shaded pavilions, exercise nodes, playgrounds and performance gathering spaces, or small intimate garden courts that enrich the landscape experience for everyone.





从公共到私人——社区景观      

开放空间应具有明确的规划，来迎合社区的需要。当地居民与社区也面临着一系列的挑战与机遇，例如一系列空间从“公共”到“私密”、从被动到主动、从修复到“环境多样”之间的转换，人们可以在这里观赏、会面、互动，当然也可以在这片景观区域中享受属于自己的个人时间。

From public to private – a community landscape
Open spaces should possess a clear programme in order to cater for community needs. The general public and residents in close proximity presents both challenges and opportunities in crafting a sequence of spaces from public to ‘private’, from passive to active and from manicured to more ‘environmentally diverse’ areas in which people can watch, meet, interact and either pursue their personal time or social interests within the landscape.



不同功能的运动和游戏设施经过设计师的深思熟虑之后被放置在景观中，它们能够吸引三代成员（即：儿童、父母和祖父母），以及其他为团体瑜伽、太极和团队游戏创造的健康活动。更多的朋友和新邻居之间的见面和交谈使居民之间变得更加友好，让社区精神也得到提升与加强。未来，这些区域还会增加公共园艺，使居民有机会体验种植的乐趣，分享水果和蔬菜的收获，促进社会交往和健康生活模式。

Exercise and play facilities for different ages and abilities are placed strategically in the landscape to attract three-generation (3G: children, parents and grand-parents) participation as well as other healthy activity areas created for group yoga, tai chi and team games. Opportunities to meet and talk among friends and new neighbors allow the residents to forms bonds and a stronger community spirit. Areas are allocated for future communal gardening giving the residents a chance to grow and share a harvest of fruits and vegetables, fostering social interaction and healthy living.



可持续的城市景观——保持健康的环境    
         
从设计上来说，目标是从当地的园艺资源中将再生元素和堆肥的利用率进行最大化。在维护期间则尽量不使用无机化学品，居民可以使用生物堆肥进行园艺活动。在植物的选择中，耐寒、耐寒植物的生命力会更加顽强，可以经受偶尔的干旱。雨水通过花园和景观区进行净化、过滤和排放。在这个过程中减少废水的排放，减轻下游的压力。

在景观中采用多样化的种植模式，让植物和动物在共生中茁壮成长。再结合本地植物和动物来提升当地的生物多样性。并且在选定的区域进行特定植物的种植，从而为鸟类和蝴蝶提供适宜的栖息环境，这也将使水道能够更好地充当城市生态走廊的角色。当地社区也会通过信息传递和分发传单的方式让居民了解项目的初衷，让他们了解自然，同时科普周围出现的“生态系统”，这样能够有效提升每个人的环保意识。

Sustainable urban landscape – maintaining a healthy environment
Right from design we aimed to maximize recycled elements and compost from local horticultural sources. On completion use of inorganic chemicals is minimized during maintenance and residents can engage in gardening using bio-composting. Hardy plants were selected that can endure occasional drought without relying on irrigation. Storm-water is cleaned, filtered and attenuated via rain gardens and softscape zones. Slowing down and managing run-off minimizing negative downstream effects.
Using diverse and extensive planting in the landscape, flora and fauna are encouraged to thrive symbiotically. This local biodiversity was promoted through native plant selection, for habitat creation and food sources. Sustaining birds and butterflies, through berry and fruit producing trees and shrubs in selected park zones adjacent the waterway. This supports the waterway as an urban ecological corridor. Information boards and leaflets inform residents of the “nature” they are likely to observe. explaining the emerging “eco-system” around them.





项目位置｜新加坡
面积｜82.26 公顷 [C20 片区面积 48.78公顷 C22 片区 33.48公顷]
景观设计｜ICN Design景观设计事务所
设计团队｜KL Tay, Simon Morrison
联合设计｜Architects G8 Asia设计事务所, AEDAS Singapore设计事务所
施工方｜Beca 工作室
文本版权｜Simon Morrison
图片版权｜Giuseppe Fanciullo, Simon Morrison

Location | Water Terraces, Punggol Walk, Singapore
Area | 82.26 hectares [C20 parcels 48.78ha C22 parcels 33.48ha]
Landscape Architects | ICN Design
Design Team | KL Tay, Simon Morrison
Collaborators | Architects G8 Asia, AEDAS Singapore
Engineers | Beca
Text Credit | Simon Morrison
Photography Credits | Giuseppe Fanciullo, Simon Morrison


出处：本文译自worldlandscapearchitect.com/，转载请注明出处。