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现代建筑营造与园林意向的“时”“空”对话第1张图片

文/石哲宇 陈雪|Article/Shi  Zheyu   Chen Xue


苏州吴江旭辉吴门府书院
Suzhou Wujiang Xuhui Wumenfu Academy

苏州吴江旭辉社区中心位于苏州市吴江区南部,是一片新兴的生态城市片区。设计力图为周边居住组团注入活力,活跃人群并凝聚社区精神。在着手这个位于苏州的项目之初,宋照青先生为整个建筑与景观的设计定下了基调:通过一个实在而轻巧之物悬于景观之上,在几处庭院之间限定出一个无边的空间。项目几经推敲之后,最终实现的成果可概括为一亭、一桥、三院及一池浅水,引申下去则有更多重的探索在其中:

Suzhou Wujiang Xuhui Community Center is located in the southern part of Wujiang District , Suzhou City and is a new ecological city area. The design strives to invigorate the surrounding residential groups, revitalize the community and agglomerate the spirit of the community. At the beginning of this project in Suzhou, Mr. Song Zhaoqing set the tone for the design of the entire building and landscape: through a real and lightweight object suspended above the landscape, a boundless space is defined between several courtyards. After several scrutiny of the project, the final achievement could be summed up as a kiosk, a bridge, a three-housing and a shallow pool of water. There will be more important explorations in the future:
   
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项目简介

苏州吴江旭辉社区中心位于苏州市吴江区南部,距离吴江区中心10公里,是一片新兴的生态城市片区。设计力图为周边居住组团注入活力,活跃人群并凝聚社区精神。建筑沿鲈乡南路这一城市主干道布置,绿色生态廊道置于其中,让城市绿地资源接入地块,扩展了绿地边界,并激活了这一优越的城市资源。

Program Introduction
Suzhou Wujiang Xuhui Community Center is located in the southern part of Wujiang District , Suzhou City and is 10 kilometers away from the center of Wujiang District. It is a new ecological city area. The design strives to invigorate the surrounding residential groups, revitalize the community and agglomerate the spirit of the community. The building is located along the main road of the township, Luxiang South Road. A green ecological corridor is placed in it, allowing the urban green space resource to access the land, expanding the boundary of the green space and activating this superior urban resource.

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吴门府书院总平面/The general plane of Wumenfu Academy

1. 屋与园的意向重组

由建筑空间围合而成的庭院是千百年来中国传统建筑的重要空间构成,培养传承了一代又一代中国人的居住习惯和审美情趣。本次设计中也尝试进一步深入挖掘隐匿在建筑形式背后的人文精神的同时让建筑使用符合时代的需求。

Reorganisation of the house and garden
The courtyard enclosed by the building space is an important space composition of Chinese traditional architecture for thousands of years. It has inherited the living habits and aesthetic tastes of generation after generation of Chinese people. In this design, we also tried to dig deeper into the humanistic spirit behind the architectural forms while allowing the use of the building to meet the needs of the time.

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一亭、一桥及一池浅水/A  kiosk, a bridge, a three-housing and a shallow pool of water

每一个苏州的园林都是一个微观的世界,在这些园林中,“建筑”本身并未占太多的比重。我们并不能理解为建筑在园林中不重要,而是园林之美本就在于建筑与景观的渗透与重组,建筑即景观,景观也是建筑设计的重要组成部分。

Every Suzhou garden is a microscopic world. In these gardens, "architecture" itself does not account for too much proportion. We cannot understand that the architecture is not important in gardens, but the beauty of gardens lies in the penetration and reorganization of architecture and landscapes. The architecture is the landscape that is also the important constituent part of architecture design.

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书院主立面透视/The main facade of the academy

旭辉书院作为这一住区未来的主要入口,是居民的视线聚焦之处,起到衔接城市空间,统领片区风貌精髓的整合作用。设计中用“像素化”的手法将中式大屋顶抽象为了一片连绵舒展的挑檐与三个起伏的体块,每个体块在功能与尺度上都有所不同,或为天窗、或为办公所用的二层阁楼。一方面满足了形态上的多样性,契合和园林中亭台楼阁的交相呼应之景,也满足了对屋檐之下不同空间使用方式的暗示。屋檐之下,四面通透,毫无遮蔽的将四周景观纳入建筑内部,体现了中正对称和现代极简的审美统一。

Xuhui academy of classical learning as the main entrance in the future of the settlement, is citizens’ focal point. It has the integration effect of connecting to urban space and commanding the the essence of the area. The design uses a “pixelation” approach to abstract the large Chinese roof as a continuous stretch of provocation and three undulating masses. Each mass is different in function and scale, either as a sunroof, or two-floor loft for office use. Under the eaves, it is surrounded by a transparent and unobstructed view that incorporates the surrounding landscape into the interior of the building, embodying the aesthetic unity of symmetry and modern minimalism.

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吴门府书院主入口/Wumenfu academy main entrance

2. 多层次庭院的叠合与空间的流动

在现代的建筑设计中,有这样一个趋势,随着城市变迁的节奏普遍加快,怎样让寿命几十年甚至数百年的建筑在敏感市场的调控下以不变的姿态迎接千变万化种使用功能的要求?这一问题即便是在设计之初就已经显现了。在一个较短的时间内,这一建筑将经历展示与销售、社区服务以及健身会所等多重功能需求,单是几个阶段的功能平面研究,在设计初期就研究了数十稿之多。
  
The overlapping of multi-level courtyard and the flow of space
In the modern architecture design, there is such a trend. As the rhythm of urban change generally accelerates, how can buildings with decades of life or even hundreds of years to meet the requirements of the ever-changing species' use functions be maintained in a constant posture under the control of sensitive markets? This problem has already emerged even at the beginning of design. In a short period of time, the building will experience multiple functional needs such as display and sales, community services, and fitness clubs. The study of functional planes in several periods was just a matter of several dozens of drafts in the early stages of design.
  
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一层平面图/First floor plan

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地下一层平面图/Basement floor plan

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剖面一/Section One

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剖面二/Section Two


我们的策略是在看似平整统一的立面之后,通过塑造一个有流动性的平面空间,点缀以不同尺度的庭院,打造不同的空间围合,承载个人休憩和公共活动功能,体验亲切包容的人文关怀态度。这一做法与当代多位建筑家的实践作品有共通之处。例如屈米在拉维莱特公园中以点阵坐标的形式在无序空间中植入参照点,为各个空间赋予独特性格;再例如石上纯也的神奈川科技学院活动中心,在消隐的立面后,数百颗细柱疏密有致的排列在流动的平面上,组合出各式不同的院落空间、不同程度的独立而又彼此联系。这以类似的手法起到了让空间之间进一步弱化封闭感,加强了功能流动与序列引导作用,将前庭、中院、后堂等传统空间错落于其中。

After the facade that looks flat and uniform, through creating a liquid flat space, our strategy is to embellish yards of different scales,create different space enclosure, carry individual rest and public function and experience a kind and inclusive humanistic care attitude. This behavior has something in common with many contemporary architects' practical works. For example, in the form of lattice coordinates,  Tschumi laid a reference point in a chaotic space in the La villette Park ,giving each space a unique character; then, Junya ISHIGAMI’s  Kanagawa Science Academy Activity Center, behind the blanking facade, hundreds of thin columns were densely arranged on the plane of the flow, combining various courtyard spaces of different types, and being independent and connected to each other in varying degrees. This similar skill has helped to further weaken the sense of closure between the space, strengthened the functional flow and the role of sequence guidance, and put traditional space such as the antecourt, the middle courtyard, and the backyard into the place.
  
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书院内景/The academy's interior  

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书院北院/The academy north courtyard

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书院中院/The Academy’s middle courtyard and

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连接地下会所的旋转楼梯/spiral stair connected to the underground chamber


此营造方式让室内的空间序列依旧呈现院落般的递进与起承转合。同时也让景观傍水造园,相互映衬,力求内外空间互通互融。这样让室内外层层院落的叠合与联通藏风聚气,亭台楼阁、水榭连桥等各个元素一起,在城市主界面上反映出了公共空间到私密空间的完整转换。

This construction method makes the indoor space sequence still present courtyard-like progression and turnaround. At the same time, it also makes the landscape waterfront garden, set off each other,and strive to achieve mutual interaction between the internal and external space.In this way, the superposition of indoor and outdoor layers of courtyards and the integration of various elements such as pavilions and bridges are reflected in the main interface of the city, reflecting the complete conversion of public space to private space.

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书院入口空间/Academy’s entrance space

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前院入口提示/Front entrance tips

3. 建筑景观一体化设计手法营造多维度的空间渗透

很长一段时间,建筑和景观都是作为相对独立的,甚至是互相割裂的二个元素存在着,使用不同的语言逻辑,表达各自的哲学。旭辉吴江项目,日清力求在同一场所中取得建筑与景观的平衡和相互渗透。

Integrated architectural design method to create multidimensional space infiltration
For a long time, buildings and landscapes were relatively independent and even separated from each other. They used different language logic to express their respective philosophy. Xuhui Wujiang project, Riqing strives to achieve balance and mutual penetration of architecture and landscape in the same place.

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前院照壁/The front yard on the wall
  
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建筑与景观交织共生/Architecture and landscape intertwined.


建筑与景观需要在设计意图上达成统一。密斯凡德罗的观点,建筑最佳的处理方法就是尽量以平淡如水的叙事口吻直接切入到建筑的本质,形成既分割又连通,既简单又复杂的空间序列;室内室外也互相穿插贯通,没有截然分界,呈现奇妙的建筑景观“无界”状态。项目中,透过似有若无的建筑玻璃幕墙,我们可以看到“越丘陵、过双桥、渡山水”后,悠然“抚琴、闻香、品茶”等层层递进的景致关系。不仅仅是自然景物自远至近、大观尽而现小雅的变化。

The architecture and the landscape need to achieve unity in design intent. From the point of view of Mies van der Rohe, the best way to deal with architecture is to cut into the essence of the building with a plain, watery narrative tone, and to form a spatial sequence that is both segmented and connected, simple and complex; indoors and outdoors are also interspersed with each other, and there is no clear distinction between them, presenting a wonderful architectural landscape “unbounded”. In the project, through the seemingly devoid of architectural glass curtain walls, we can see the progressively scenic relationships of "crossing the hills, crossing TwinBridge , and crossing the mountains," later, enjoying the " playing the musical instrument, smelling fragrance, and  tasting the tea". It is not only the change of the natural scenery from the far to the near and as small as it can be.

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前院主景观/Forecourt’s main landscape

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书院南院景观/Academy south courtyard landscape.

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泳池及下沉庭院/The swimming pool and the sinking courtyard


建筑中的景观与景观中的建筑。用植物造景的风景意向拓展建筑内部的景观空间。中庭,自负一层而起且无顶部遮盖,光线便很好地穿透下来,通过玻璃幕墙把禅意的植物景致反射,再反射,像汇聚于钻石之上的光晕般将景观往建筑的四面八方层层叠叠扩展开来。地下室内泳池,玻璃幕墙之外的下沉庭院中,三面垂直绿墙,通过不同色彩、叶型的植株布局出山水浮云的自然形态,令使用者感受到被景观包裹的建筑场所私密与安全。

Buildings in the landscape and the landscape in the buildings. The landscape intention of planting scenery expands the landscape space inside the building. In the atrium, from the negative one-storey , no top cover, the light penetrates well. Through the glass curtain wall, the view of the   zen plant is reflected and reflected again, like the halo that gathers on the diamond, spreading the landscape to the buildings in all directions. Underground indoor swimming pool, in the sinking courtyard outside the glass curtain wall, three vertical green walls, through the arrangement of different colours and leaf-shaped plants, the natural form of the landscape floating cloud makes the user feel the privacy and security of the construction site surrounded by the landscape.

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庭院、水景与建筑层层呼应/Courtyard, water scene and building layer echoing

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书院立面局部/Part of the facade of the academy

4. 现代精致构造设计营造现代中式意境

营造中式建筑不应是简单的符号模仿,现代建筑也不仅仅是玻璃幕墙与金属面板的堆砌,而是要突出建筑深层次的文化内涵和历史底蕴,体现对传统符号所指代的精神的传承,对传统空间发展变化的诠释。建筑师Colin Rowe与Robert Slutzky在其共同的著作“透明性”一书中表达了对格罗皮乌斯的建筑手法的不满,认为在包豪斯学校建筑上大量运用的玻璃幕墙是毫无意义的,因为透过幕墙只能看到玻璃后复杂的金属铰链和建筑结构。他们的理论认为格罗皮乌斯的手法只是表达了玻璃材料的“材料性”透明属性,并没有强调玻璃作为墙面的“现象性”属性。也就是玻璃幕墙可以为建筑提供一种水平与纵向的延伸感,也可以为观者的提供视觉上的一种感觉,即几层空间与事物的活动透过玻璃相互渗透却不彼此破坏。本项目的立面与平面设计为实践这一建筑手法提供了可能性,为玻璃墙面提供一种张力,达到透明性的“现象”属性。

Modern exquisite structural design creating modern Chinese artistic conception
The construction of Chinese-style buildings should not be a simple symbolic imitation. Modern architecture is not only the building of glass curtain walls and metal panels, but also highlights the deep cultural connotations and historical connotations of the buildings and reflects the inheritance of the spirits represented by traditional symbols. , the interpretation of the development and changes of traditional space. Architects Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky expressed their dissatisfaction with Gropius's architectural approach in his book "Transparency" and believe that the extensive use of glass walls in Bauhaus school buildings is meaningless. Because through the curtain wall you could only see the complex metal hinge and building structure behind the glass. Their theory held that Gropius's method only expressed the "material" transparency of glass materials, and did not emphasize glass as a "phenomenon" property of walls.In other words, the glass curtain wall can provide a horizontal and vertical extension of the building, and it can also provide the viewer with a visual sense that several layers of space and the activities of things penetrate through the glass without destroying each other. The façade and graphic design of this project provide the possibility to practice this architectural approach, providing a tension to the glass wall and achieving the “phenomenon” property of transparency.

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可开闭屏风/Open-and-close screen’s

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屏风纹样大样(局部)/dermatoglyphic pattern bulk sample(Part)


为了完整实现这一初衷,玻璃幕墙本身的设计需要尽可能的干净与轻巧,尽可能的删除不必要的结构,让玻璃幕墙完全消隐于室内与室外空间之间。因此采用了橱窗式玻璃肋玻璃幕墙形式,并在转角处通过上下入槽的构造方式达到了转角无柱的空间效果,进一步消隐了结构感。为了加强室内外渗透的效果,悬挑的铝板屋檐下设置了与玻璃面垂直阵列的凹形灯槽,利用反光原理营造了屋顶的内外联通的效果。除此之外,还在玻璃幕墙外设置了建筑的第二层表皮,即一系列可旋转开闭的屏风。这一设置在不仅在视觉上增强了建筑立面的进深感,也进一步削弱了玻璃分缝带来的视觉阻碍。不仅在这面向东面的主立面上,由早晨的阳光透过它投出丰富多样的光影,也在建筑节能与文化属性上提升了建筑品质。

In order to fully realize this original intention, the design of the glass curtain wall itself needs to be as clean and light as possible, remove unnecessary structures as much as possible, and make the glass curtain wall be completely hidden between the indoor and outdoor space. Therefore, a window-type glass ribbed glass curtain wall form was adopted, and a space effect without pillars was achieved through the structure of the upper and lower slots at the corners, further eliminating the structural sense. In order to enhance the effect of indoor and outdoor infiltration, a concave lamp trough with a vertical array of glass surfaces was set under the eaves of the cantilevered aluminum plate, and the effect of internal and external communication of the roof was created by using the principle of light reflection. In addition, the second skin of the building was set outside the glass curtain wall, that was, a series of screens that could be opened and closed. This setup not only visually enhanced the deep feeling of building facades, but also further weakened the visual obstruction from glass joints. Not only on this main east-facing facade, the morning sunlight through it threw a variety of light and shadow, but also enhanced the architectural quality of building energy conservation and cultural attributes.

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幕墙及挑檐细部节点(根部)/The curtain wall and the curtain wall of the cornice detail node (root)

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幕墙及挑檐细部节点(端部)/the curtain wall of the cornice detail node (end)


同时,极简的建筑语汇离不开细致的节点控制。建筑涵盖了一系列复杂的节点设计让建筑在复杂的气候条件下轻松应对。由于建筑有四米的挑檐,为了保证挑檐端部的纤细尺寸,在设计之初就有屋面自由排水的想法,但是很快就被否定了。为了保证有组织排水向内找坡,挑檐被的结构被设计为两段,由混凝土柱伸出的第一段为混凝土挑板,兼顾天沟的作用,再由挑板伸出钢结构挑梁,最终实现了有组织排水的同时达到了最初的造型设计要求。类似的细节处理还有很多,他们一起让建筑可以再风雨中同样保持着宁静与沉稳。

At the same time, minimalist architectural vocabulary can not be separated from detailed node control. The building covers a series of complex joint designs that make it easy for the building to respond to complex climate conditions. Because of the four-metre cornice of the building, in order to ensure the slim size of the cornice ’s end, the idea of free drainage of the roof at the beginning of the design was quickly denied. In order to ensure that the organized drainage is inwardly sloped, the cornice  structure is designed into two sections. The first section out of the concrete column is the concrete picking board, taking into account the role of the gutter. Then picking the plate out of the steel structure cantilever beam, and finally achieve organized drainage while meeting the initial design requirements. There are many similar details to deal with, and they make the building  stay calm and peaceful again in the wind and rain.

现代建筑营造与园林意向的“时”“空”对话第34张图片


结语

最终形成的建筑立面不仅是一个建筑形态的表达,更是建筑与景观园林的一体化表达。在这其中刚劲简练的建筑本体、抽象精简的中式屏风、室外景物小品、室内光影、以及参与室内外活动的访客,共同在建筑立面之间构成了一副被压缩的浅景深画作。这景致是吴江旭辉社区书院所有从设计到落成参与的各专业同仁的智慧结晶,他也将记载苏州人现代生活与园林情节的时空对话,成为吴江人生活的缩影。

Epilogue
The final building facade is not only an expression of an architectural form, but also an integrated expression of architecture and landscape. Among them, the concise architectural body, abstractly-reduced Chinese screens, outdoor scenery pieces, indoor lighting, and visitors participating in indoor and outdoor activities together form a compressed shallow depth of field painting between the building facades.This scenery is the wisdom of all professional colleagues of Wujiang Xuhui Community Academy from the design to completion. It will also record the space-time dialogue between the modern life and garden plots of the people in Suzhou and become the epitome of  people's life in Wu Jiang.

现代建筑营造与园林意向的“时”“空”对话第35张图片


工程档案
项目名称:苏州旭辉吴门府书院
地理位置:苏州市吴江区鲈乡南路
项目功能:社区中心
建筑设计:上海日清建筑设计有限公司
景观设计:上海日清景观设计有限公司
室内设计:水平线空间设计有限公司
总建筑师:宋照青
景观总监:章翼
室内设计总监:琚宾
建筑设计团队:石哲宇 郭丹 吴旻琦 陈侠王 泽渲
景观设计团队:孙辉 巩韧 王江 莫叶盛 洪本强 郑彦瑾 杨磊 姜承天
室内设计团队:张静 田永超 马宝华 刘晓琳
建筑面积:1147.86㎡(地上) 1246㎡(地下)
设计时间:2016.7-2016.12
竣工日期:2017.6
摄影师:张虔希 石哲宇 余波

Project archive
Project name: Suzhou Xuhui Wumenfu Academy
Location: South Luxiang Road, Wujiang District, Suzhou,
Project Function: Community Center
Architectural design: Lacime International Co., Ltd.
Landscape design: Lacime Landscape Co., Ltd.
Indoor design: Horizontal Line Space Design Co. Ltd.
Chief architect: Song Zhaoqing
Director of landscape: Zhang Yi
Chief interior designer: Ju Bin
Architectural design team: Shi Zheyu, Guo Dan, Wu Minqi, Chen Xia, Wang Zexuan
Landscape design team: Sun Hui, Gong Ren, Wang Jiang, Mo Yesheng, Hong Benqiang, Zheng Yanjin, Yang Lei, Jiang Chengtian
Indoor design team: Zhang Jing, Tian Yongchao, Mao Baoqiang, Liu Xiaolin
Area of structure: 1147.86㎡(overground) 1246㎡(underground)
Design time: 2016.7-2016.12
Completion date: 2017.6
Photographer:Zhang Qianxi, Shi Zhe,  Yu Bo


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